Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patients with chronic pyelonephritis (n = 17), nephrotic syndrome (n = 7) and hyperthyroidism in comparison to a reference group of healthy persons (n = 17) total activity and isoenzymes of the lactate dehydrogenase in the urine were determined. Only in patients with pyelonephritis is not regularly increased activity of the total lactate dehydrogenase a clear increased excretion of the isoenzymes IV and V is established. The isoenzyme pattern shows a dependence on the content of leucocytes in the urine and normalizes in renal infections only in a therapeutic effect.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of LDH-isoenzyme determination in the urine]. 91 May 32

Aminoglycoside-induced renal damage is enhanced in animals with Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Bacterial endotoxin is liberated during antibiotic therapy. The toxic effect of endotoxin and tobramycin, alone or in combination, was investigated in primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubular cells grown to confluence in serum-free medium. Sodium-dependent uptakes of Pi and alpha-methylglucopyranoside (MGP) and enzymatic activities (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] released as a marker of cell necrosis and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT] and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG] present in the homogenate as markers of brush border membrane and lysosome integrity) were measured. Cells were exposed to (i) endotoxin (20 mg/liter), tobramycin (1 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 48 h, or (ii) endotoxin (100 mg/liter), tobramycin (4 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 72 h. Endotoxin alone did not alter Pi uptake, but tobramycin inhibited Pi uptake through a decrease in Vmax. The effect was not enhanced by the combination of endotoxin and tobramycin. Endotoxin and tobramycin alone exerted no significant effect upon MGP uptake, but strong inhibition of the Vmax was observed after exposure to a combination of endotoxin plus tobramycin, without alteration of the Km. Endotoxin decreased residual GGT activity in the cell homogenate. Tobramycin increased LDH release in the medium and NAG activity in the homogenate. Endotoxin plus tobramycin resulted in an additive effect upon LDH and NAG activities. In conclusion, by disturbing apical membrane integrity, endotoxin increased tobramycin toxicity in vitro in the absence of serum hormonal mediator.
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PMID:Endotoxin-tobramycin additive toxicity on renal proximal tubular cells in culture. 167 35

Proteus mirabilis, a common agent of nosocomially acquired and catheter-associated bacteriuria, can cause acute pyelonephritis. In ascending infections, bacteria colonize the bladder and ascend the ureters to the proximal tubules of the kidney. We postulate that Proteus species uses the HpmA hemolysin and urease to elicit tissue damage that allows entry of these bacteria into the kidney. To study this interaction, strains of Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris and their isogenic hemolysin-negative (hpmA) or isogenic urease-negative (ureC) constructs were overlaid onto cultures of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEC) isolated from kidneys obtained by immediate autopsy. Cytotoxicity was measured by release of soluble lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Two strains of P. mirabilis inoculated at 10(6) CFU caused a release of 80% of total LDH after 6 h, whereas pyelonephritogenic hemolytic Escherichia coli CFT073 released only 25% at 6 h (P less than 0.012). Ten P. mirabilis isolates and five P. vulgaris isolates were all hemolytic and cytotoxic and produced urease which was induced by urea. The HpmA hemolysin is apparently responsible for the majority of cytotoxicity in vitro since the hemolysin-negative (hpmA) mutants of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were significantly less cytotoxic than wild-type strains. P. mirabilis WPM111 (hemolysin negative) was used to test the effect of urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis on HRPTEC viability. In the presence of 50 mM urea, WPM111 caused the release of 42% of LDH versus 1% at 6 h in the absence of substrate (P = 0.003). We conclude that the HpmA hemolysin of Proteus species acts as a potent cytotoxin against HRPTEC. In addition, urease apparently contributes to this process when substrate urea is available.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of the HpmA hemolysin and urease of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris against cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. 203 63

Acute pyelonephritis, a complication of Escherichia coli bacteriuria, must represent a bacterial invasion through the kidney epithelium. To study this process, we overlaid bacterial suspensions onto monolayers of cultured human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells and measured cytotoxicity by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Thirty-four isolates cultured from patients with acute pyelonephritis were screened for the ability to cause pyelonephritis in CBA mice by transurethral challenge. The eight most virulent strains (greater than or equal to 70% of mice challenged developed greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/g of kidney after 48 h) were selected for study. Each strain displayed mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human O erythrocytes; three strains were phenotypically and genotypically hemolytic. Pyelonephritogenic strains were significantly more cytotoxic (30.1 +/- 9.5% LDH release after 18 h) than eight fecal control strains (13.5 +/- 11.5% LDH release; P = 0.0068). We selected the most cytotoxic strain, CFT073, for further study. Sterile filtrate from this hemolytic strain was significantly more cytotoxic than was the filtrate of the fecal control strain, FN414. Transposon mutagenesis of CFT073 with TnphoA abolished hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity by both whole cells and sterile filtrate. Southern blot analysis revealed that the Tnphoa insertion mapped to the E. coli chromosomal hly determinant within a 12-kilobase SalI restriction fragment. Transformation of a nonhemolytic strain, CPZ005 with plasmid pSF4000, which carries a cloned hemolysin determinant, resulted in highly elevated cytotoxicity. Light micrographs of proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures demonstrated cell damage by pyelonephritogenic strains that was not induced by a fecal strain or the hemolysin-deficient mutant. Results indicate that pyelonephritogenic E. coli strains are more frequently cytotoxic for a putative target, that is, human renal tubular epithelium, than are fecal isolates. Hemolysin, in some strains, is apparently responsible for this cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli and killing of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells: role of hemolysin in some strains. 218 40

Enzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in the cytosol of renal cortex samples from either normal and pathologic kidney tissue. The mean enzyme activity values, expressed in Units per gram of cytosolic protein decreased in the following order: normal cortex (LDH = 4,299 +/- 654; AST = 522 +/- 101; ALT = 197 +/- 44). chronic pyelonephritis (LDH = 2,360 +/- 876; AST = 297 +/- 117; ALT = 90 +/- 48), hydronephrosis (LDH = 2,208 +/- 1,264; AST = 279 +/- 165; ALT = 82 +/- 61), pyonephrosis (LDH = 1,410 +/- 596; AST = 158 +/- 69; ALT = 23.4 +/- 16.4) and renal tuberculosis (LDH = 1,149 +/- 481; AST = 93 +/- 34; ALT = 5.6 +/- 2.8). The decrease in the enzyme activities paralleled tissue damage and it was shown to affect cellular functionality in relation with energy and amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic enzyme activities involved in energy and amino acid metabolism in pathological human renal cortex. 324 90

This investigation was a systemic study on an adult population of urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme analysis for the distinction between upper and lower urinary tract infections. The study included 160 urine samples from patients and healthy individuals. On the basis of clinical symptoms, urinary bacterial colony counts, renal function tests and radiologic findings, the adults were divided into pyelonephritis group, cystitis group, pelvic lesion group, and control group. This technique correctly identified 23 of 26 patients with pyelonephritis by the presence of elevated LDH-V (over 10 percent) and all of 12 patients with cystitis by the presence of elevated LDH-I (over 60 relative units) but low LDH-V (below 10 percent or lower than LDH-I). In the pelvic group, the results of eight patients were consistent with cystitis and four with pyelonephritis. Our study confirms the sensitivity and specificity of the LDH isoenzyme technique for the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infection on adult patients and is consistent with previous studies on pediatric patients. However, one should be cautious to interpret the results of LDH isoenzymogram before extra-urinary tract lesions are excluded.
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PMID:Urinary lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme analysis in adult population. 397 May 16

It is shown that per os administration of galascorbin to animals with acute experimental pyelonephritis in a dose of 100 mg/1 kg of mass per day normalizes the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and their isoenzymic spectrum in kidney tissue and blood serum. The content of pyruvic and lactic acids in blood serum also normalizes, that promotes a favourable course of the disease.
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PMID:[Effect of galascorbin on activity of lactate and malate dehydrogenases and their isoenzymic spectrum in experimental pyelonephritis]. 728 Dec 62

The aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system is encoded by pColV-K30 and other ColV plasmids. It has been known to contribute to the ability of Escherichia coli to cause pyelonephritis and cystitis. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the contribution of an incomplete set of genes for aerobactin synthesis to the virulence of Escherichia coli HB101. Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed with a recombinant plasmid pJHCV-12 (Tetr and Kanr) carrying aerobactin genes (complete first two genes, iucA and iucB and part of the third gene iucC) from pColV-K30. Both HB101 and a transformant H10 grew equally well when applied to a Vero cell line. These strains were tested for their ability to invade and kill Vero cells in monolayers. Light micrographs showed cell damage by the transformant carrying pJHCV-12 plasmid and this cytotoxic effect correlated with the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released. In contrast, strain HB101 and HB101 containing parent vector pVK102 did not produce any cytotoxic effects. When the ability of these strains to produce ascending pyelonephritis in a mouse model was compared, the transformant established itself better in renal tissue than the control strain HB101, when assessed 2h, 4 h and 5 days post-infection.
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PMID:Introduction of plasmid carrying an incomplete set of genes for aerobactin production alters virulence of Escherichia coli HB101. 771 24

Regarding the mechanisms of renal scarring in pyelonephritis, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress is prominent. The present study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin treatment against Escherichia coli-induced oxidative injury and scarring in renal tissue. For this purpose, 0.1 mL E. coli (ATCC 25922; 10(10) colony-forming units/mL) or saline was injected directly into the renal parenchyma of Wistar rats. Pyelonephritic rats were treated with either saline or melatonin (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours or 1 wk after E. Coli injection, rats were decapitated and trunk blood samples were collected for BUN, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) determination. In kidney samples, histological analysis was performed, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and collagen contents were measured. Formation of reactive oxygen species was monitored using a chemiluminescence (CL) technique. Escherichia Coli inoculation caused a significant reduction in renal GSH levels, which was accompanied by significant increases in MDA levels, MPO activity, CL levels and collagen content of the renal tissues (P < 0.05-0.001). Similarly, serum TNF-alpha and, LDH, BUN and creatinine levels were elevated in the pyelonephritic rats when compared with control animals. Melatonin treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations induced by acute pyelonephritis. The protective effects of melatonin can be ascribed to its ability to inhibit neutrophil infiltration, to balance the oxidant-antioxidant status, and to regulate the generation of inflammatory mediators, suggesting a future role for melatonin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Melatonin prevents neutrophil-mediated oxidative injury in Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis in rats. 1694 82

Urinary tract infections may induce severe inflammation, transient impairment in renal function and scar formation, ranging in severity from acute symptomatic pyelonephritis to chronic pyelonephritis, which have a potential to lead to renal failure and death. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of montelukast, a selective antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (leukotriene CysLT1), against Escherichia coli-induced oxidative injury and scarring in renal tissue. Wistar rats were injected 0.1 ml of E. coli (ATCC 25922 10(10) cfu/ml) or saline into left renal medullae. Six rats were assigned as the sham group and were given 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl. Pyelonephritic rats were treated with either saline or montelukast immediately after surgery and at daily intervals. Twenty-four hours or one week after E. coli injection, rats were decapitated and the kidney samples were taken for histological examination or determination of renal malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and collagen contents. Formation of reactive oxygen species in renal tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in the serum samples. E. coli inoculation caused significant increases in malondialdehyde level, MPO activity, chemiluminescence levels and collagen content, while GSH level was decreased in the renal tissues (p<0.05-0.001). On the other hand, serum TNF-alpha, LDH, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were elevated in the pyelonephritic rats as compared to control group. Leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist montelukast reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations, that were induced by acute pyelonephritis. It seems likely that montelukast protects kidney tissue by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, balancing oxidant-antioxidant status, and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediators suggesting a future role for leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Oxidative renal damage in pyelonephritic rats is ameliorated by montelukast, a selective leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist. 1717 92


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