Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, 63 patients with various urinary tract infections were treated with cefotaxime in different dosages. They were aged from 10 to 82 years (mean: 59). The cases included 33 cystitis, 25 pyelonephritis, 4 chronic prostatitis and 1 orchiepididymitis. 85 strains of enterobacteria were identified: 20 E. coli, 2 Citrobacter freundi, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 12 indole positive Proteus, 1 Providentia, 11 Klebsiella, 3 Enterobacter cloacae and 31 Serratia marescens and liquefaciens. 80 of these strains had MIC less than or equal to 1 mcg/ml (median: 0,12 mcg/ml). More than 2/3 of the patients were treated with a daily dose of 1.50 to 2 g, and 52 (median: 0.12 mcg/ml). More than 2/3 of the patients results showed 43 cures (9 of these with reinfection) and 20 relapses. Isolated enterobacteria strains were sensitive to cefotaxime in patients with recurrence. Relapses were due to underlying urological pathology. Among reinfection organisms, only one, an Enterobacter cloacae, was resistant to cefotaxime. The clinical, local, systemic and biological tolerance was good. Cefotaxime has been very effective in the treatment of severe urinary tract infections, especially in chronic pyelonephritis and cystitis, at an average daily dose of 2 g.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotaxime at various dosage levels in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. 625 7

Cefotiam, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin was used for the treatment of 30 cases of urinary-tract infections (UTI). Patients, 20 females, 10 males were between 23 and 76 years old. UTI were 17 cystitis, 9 pyelonephritis and 4 prostatitis. Bacteria isolated from urine were : 24 E. Coli, 3 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Providencia, 3 Klebsiella, 3 Enterobacter, 2 Serratia, 1 Staphylococcus coagulase--, DNAse--. MIC's of cefotiam ranged from 0.003 to 32 micrograms/ml (median MIC : 0.06 microgram/ml). Cefotiam was given intramuscularly in monotherapy, at the daily dosage of 1 and 2 g in two injections during 7 to 28 days. Followup of patients were at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Therapeutic results were : 15 cures and 2 failures by relapse in 17 cystitis, 6 cures and 3 failures by relapse in 9 pyelonephritis, 4 cures in 4 prostatitis. General tolerance was excellent in all cases. Intramusculary injections were well tolerated with a 2 p. cent lidocain solution. Biological tolerance and particularly renal tolerance was good in all patients.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in adults urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. 628 88

1. MIC of 6059-S against 92 strains of clinically isolated bacteria were measured. The compound was active against most of Gram-negative rods, but was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. 2. 20 mg/kg of 6059-S (newly synthesized oxacephem antibiotics) was administered to the pediatric patients and its blood concentration was measured by agar well method using E. coli 7437 as a test organism. 3. The mean blood concentrations were maximum at 15 minutes after intravenous one-bolus injection. Maximum levels were 94.5 mcg/ml in the patients of below 5 years old and 98.7 mcg/ml above 6 years old. Their half-life of the blood levels were 95.4 and 110.6 minutes respectively. 4. The mean blood concentrations were highest at the end of the infusion in the cases of 60 minutes drip injection. Maximum levels were 85.0 mcg/ml in the patients of below 5 years old and 64.8 mcg/ml above 6 years old. 5. Clinical efficacy of 6059-S in 6 cases pyelonephritis, 2 cases of sepsis, 1 case of meningitis, 1 case of intraperitoneal abscess, 9 cases pneumonia and 2 case of tonsillitis was 100%. In the case of urinary tract infection, 4 patients were treated successfully by the administration of 20 mg/kg/day of 6059-S. Other bacterial infections were treated with 55 to 200 mg/kg/day. 6. 100% of the causative organisms were eliminated by 6059-S. They were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, H. influenzae and beta-Streptococcus. 7. No remarkable side effect was noticed during administration.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical examinations of 6059-S in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 645 66

Acute experimental pyelonephritis was produced in rabbits by injecting E. coli (tobramycin MIC 1 mg/l) into the left kidney and temporarily obstructing the ureter. Animals were given 10 mg/kg tobramycin intramuscularly 48 h after surgery and subsequently every day for 7, 10 or 15 days, either in a single daily dose or in three divided doses at 8 h intervals. Animals were killed 24 h after the last injection. Comparison of results shows that kidneys were sterilized by a single daily dose but not by three divided daily doses. In rabbits given the single daily dose regimen, kidneys recovered a normal macroscopical and histological aspect, serum anti-E. coli antibodies rose more slowly and less significantly, serum creatinine increased less, and renal enzymatic activities were restored (alanine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). These findings suggest better efficacy and renal tolerance of the single daily dose regimen as compared to the three daily divided dose regimen in the treatment of acute experimental pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Acute experimental pyelonephritis. Treatment with tobramycin. Influence of the rhythm of administration on efficacy and renal tolerability]. 673 54

Netilmicin was administered to 1 case of simple acute pyelonephritis and 21 cases of complicated urinary tract infections, 22 cases in total, and the effects were evaluated clinically. Total clinical effects of netilmicin evaluated by the UTI standard for evaluation of drug effects showed 61.9% of clinical effectiveness in 21 cases, and the results are satisfactory because 11 cases out of 21 cases were catheterized. The result was examined bacteriologically; the frequency of detection of particular strains among 23 strains clinically isolated from complicated urinary tract infections was that 10 strains of P. aeruginosa (43.5%), 3 of S. marcescens (13.0%), and 3 of E. coli (13.0%), and the ratios of bacteriologically disappeared strains were 70%, 33.3% and 66.7%, respectively, and the overall disappearance ratio was 73.9%. The MIC's determined for 17 strains and disappearance of the bacteria were examined; when MIC was less than 6.25 mcg/ml, 10 strains out of 12 disappeared, that is, 83% of disappearance was obtained. When MIC was larger than 100 mcg/ml, 2 strains out of 5 disappeared, that is, 40% of disappearance was obtained. Disappeared 2 strains of bacteria were isolated from patients who were not catheterized. Neither subjective symptoms nor abnormal laboratory findings related to the drug were observed. It may be said from these findings that netilmicin is an effective drug for urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluations of netilmicin in urinary tract infections]. 715 43

Basic and clinical evaluations of a new oral cephalosporin cefroxadine (CXD) in pediatric fields were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs of CXD against various bacteria were compared with those of cephalexin (CEX). MIC peaks of CXD against clinically isolated S. aureus (22 strains), S. pyogenes (25), S. pneumoniae (8), H. influenzae (23), and E. coli (23) in pediatric fields, were 1.56, 0.2, 1.56, 25 approximately 50 and 6 .25 microgram/ml, respectively in the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and they were 1.56, less than 0.1, 0.78, 25 and 6.25 microgram/ml respectively in the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. In comparison with CEX, MIC peaks of CXD against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and E. coli were almost the same with those of the former, it was, however, better by 1 approximately 2 tubes than that of CEX against S. pneumoniae. 2. CXD in the form of dry syrup was administered orally at a dose of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 5 children, and the serum levels and the urinary excretion were evaluated. In the case of 3 children who were administered a dose of 10 mg/kg the mean serum levels were 11.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes, 13.7 microgram/ml after 1 hour, 4.7 microgram/ml after 2 hours, 0.7 microgram/ml after 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml after 6 hours, while those 2 children who were administered a dose of 20 mg/kg, they were 15.1, 28.5, 12.5, 2.0 and 0.9 microgram/ml respectively. The mean periods of half-life in serum were 0.87 hour in the case of 10 mg/kg and 0.94 hour in the case of 20 mg/kg. The mean excretion rates were 83.8% in the case of 10 mg/kg and 59.8% in the case 20 mg/kg. 3. CXD dry syrup was administered to 31 children with various bacterial infections i.e. acute pharyngitis (15 cases), acute purulent tonsillitis (10 cases), acute bronchitis (4 cases) and 1 case each of acute pyelonephritis and acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and the clinical and bacteriological responses and side effect were investigated. The clinical response was either excellent or good in all of the cases. Out of the S. pyogenes (20 strains), S. aureus (1), S. pneumoniae (2), E. coli (1) and H. influenzae (1), bacteriological eradication was observed in all strains with the exception of 1 strain each in S. pyogenes and H. influenzae in which reduction was observed. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 733 91

The disposition of ornidazole and its two major hydroxylated metabolites was studied in five pregnant women (gestational ages 25 5/7 to 38 4/7 weeks) with either chorioamnionitis or pyelonephritis treated with ceftriaxone 2 g, tobramycin 3 mg/kg body weight and ornidazole 1 g all administered once-daily. Two series of blood samples were obtained, the first on the first day of treatment and the second at steady-state on day 5. Local and systemic tolerability of ornidazole was excellent and patients showed complete remission without premature delivery. There was no evidence of ornidazole accumulation, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were very similar to those seen in healthy subjects. The dosage regimen of ornidazole therefore requires no adjustment during pregnancy. Trough concentrations of ornidazole measured at 24 h post dose were above the MIC of sensitive organisms. Children born to the trial patients showed normal initial development and their growth was normal.
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PMID:Disposition of ornidazole and its metabolites during pregnancy. 759 84

The aim of our study was to evaluate the interference of fosfomycin trometanol (F.T.), at subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 MICs), on some urovirulence factors of Escherichia coli (12 strains). We tested fimbriae production, adhesion to uroepithelial cells, hydrophobicity, motility and hemolysin production of E. coli grown in the presence or absence of F.T. The strains tested, grown in the presence of F.T. (1/8 MIC), were less capable of adhering to uroepithelial cells, had less hemagglutination and reduced motility. This behavior was enhanced at 1/4 MIC of F.T. The hemolysin production and hydrophobicity properties present in some of our tested strains also were significantly decreased when the E. coli were grown in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of F.T. These results suggest that F.T. may be of clinical use as treatment for acute urinary tract infection and in pyelonephritis prophylaxis.
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PMID:Escherichia coli: effect of fosfomycin trometamol on some urovirulence factors. 798 98

FK037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, is an oxime-type cephem antibiotic with a 1-hydroxyethyl-5-amino-pyrazole moiety at the 3 position. FK037 was evaluated for antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, FK037 was twofold or more active than ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC for 90% of the strains [MIC90] = 32 micrograms/ml), members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90 < or = 2 micrograms/ml), group A streptococci (MIC90 = 0.015 microgram/ml), and methicillin-sensitive or -resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC90 = 2 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). In addition, the activity of FK037 was equal to or greater than that of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 = 0.12 microgram/ml) and methicillin-sensitive or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90 = 2 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). FK037 was more active in vitro than cefepime (two- to fourfold) and cefpirome (twofold) against S. aureus. In murine systemic infection models, FK037 showed potent activity against P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. FK037 was also efficacious in a mouse model of pyelonephritis caused by S. aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae and in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae. Additional studies on this compound to assess its potential clinical utility are warranted.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of FK037, a novel parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporin. 845 61

E. coli is the main agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and accounts for more than 85% of recurrent cystitis and at least 35% of recurrent pyelonephritis. Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, UTIs remain the most common bacterial infection in the human population. It is currently advised that the clinical administration of antibiotics against the pathogenic bacteria should be prohibitted due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Therefore, newer and more effective antimicrobials are in demand to treat such cases. One hundred and thirty six urine samples were collected from UTI patients. E. coli was isolated from 85 samples, out of which 33% were resistant to common antibiotics. The isolates were decreasingly resistant to ampicillin, tobramycin, augmentin, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, nitrofurantoin, kanamycin, pipemidic acid, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, cefamendol, ofloxacin, ceftizoxime, norfloxacin and amikacin. The anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac exhibited significant antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains both in vitro and in vivo. The present work was conducted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of this drug on the clinically isolated strains of E. coli in hospitals. All the isolates were sensitive to diclofenac, with MIC values ranging from 5-50 microg/mL. The MIC90 value of the drug was 25 microg/mL. Therefore, it may be suggested that diclofenac has the capacity to treat UTI caused by E. coli.
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PMID:Diclofenac in the management of E. coli urinary tract infections. 1709 68


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