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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Basic and clinical investigation on the intravenous administration of sulbenicillin in moderate dose (510g daily) was carried out to evaluate its clinical effect in systemic infections due to gram-negative bacilli. The following results were obtained. (1) In human subjects received 5 g intravenous drip infusion, the peak blood levels were found at the end of infusion. In 6 cases with normal renal function (Ccr greater than or equal to 70ml/min.) the peak blood level was 181 mcg/ml on the average and the half-life 1.1 hours, while in 3 cases with impaired renal function (Ccr less than 70 ml/min.) the peak level 216 mcg/ml and the half-life longer than 2 hours. The height of the peak level seemed to be subjected to the duration of infusion. The renal excretion of sulbenicllin was 55.2% on the average both in cases with normal and impaired renal functions. (2) Sulbenicillin, 510g daily divided in 2 doses, was administered to 15 cases including 6 cases with acute pyelonephritis, 3 with acute cystitis, 3 with biliary tract infection, 2 with respiratory tract infection and 1 with acute prostatitis. All the cases except 3 cases with acute pyelonephritis had underlying diseases. Escherichia coli was isolated from 10 cases, Klebsiella from 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1, and unidentified gram-negative bacilli from 1. Eleven cases responded to the treatment, but 4 cases failed. In 11 cases with susceptible bacteria, 8 cases responded bacteriologically (2 cases recurred), and 3 cases failed to respond. A case with biliary tract infection due to E. coli did not respond to 5 g daily treatment, but responded to 5 g twice daily. Two cases due to organisms which were not inhibited by 200mcg/ml in vitro did not respond to the treatment. (3) A moderate decrease in red blood cell number and hemoglobin content was observed in one case. A transient increase in transaminase and alkaline phosphatase level was observed in other cases.
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PMID:[Studies on the intravenous administration of sulbenicillin (author's transl)]. 77 28

The obstetric experiences of 128 gravidas delivered at Charlotte Memorial Hospital in 1973 who, on hemoglobin electrophoresis, exhibited an SA pattern of hemoglobin are reviewed. In addition to previously reported complications of increased rates of pyelonephritis and refractory anemia, this group of patients exhibited a marked increase in premature rupture of membranes and prematurity. It is suggested that the routine screening procedures be used for discovering sickle-cell trait individuals and that they be categorized as "high-risk" obstetric patients because of the increased complication rates described here and by previous authors.
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PMID:Sickle-cell trait and pregnancy: A review of a community hospital experience. 118 Feb 85

The objective of this retrospective case control study was to compare pregnant women with sickle trait hemoglobin to their normal hemoglobin counterparts. Sickle trait was associated with a significant increase in bacteriuria (13.0% vs 9.0%) and pyelonephritis (2.1% vs 1.4%). No difference was seen in birthweight between the two groups.
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PMID:Sickle trait and its association with birthweight and urinary tract infections in pregnancy. 197 27

We have investigated anemia in patients at different stages of the evolution of three chronic renal diseases: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). A total of 88 patients with creatinine clearances from 9 to 118 ml/min and hemoglobin concentrations from 70 to 160 g/l were studied with regard to the relationship, if any, between erythropoietin production and the type and stage of nephropathy. Anemia in BEN was a particular focus of interest since it had been stated that in BEN, anemia precedes renal failure. Our data neither prove nor disprove this statement. A significant positive correlation between creatinine clearance and hemoglobin concentration was found in all three nephropathies, indicating that in the patients studied the severity of anemia increased with the impairment of renal function regardless of the underlying disease. Serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin were in the normal range in 54 patients, moderately increased in 20 and slightly decreased in 14. The erythropoietin level appears to be unrelated to the stage of renal failure or the type of nephropathy. The only exception was the subgroup where the patients with glomerulonephritis and normal renal function had increased serum erythropoietin levels and significantly higher parameters of red blood cell concentration than the patients from the same subgroup with tubulointerstitial nephropathies. In patients with severe renal failure and anemia, serum erythropoietin levels were inappropriately low for the degree of anemia, indicating that erythropoietin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the anemia.
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PMID:Erythropoietin and anemia in the progression of Balkan endemic nephropathy and other renal diseases. 231 25

The role of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli was studied in a hematogenous pyelonephritis model in mice. The nephropathogenicity of a nonhemolytic, avirulent E. coli strain was increased by simultaneous injection with its hemolytic, nephropathogenic parent. This helper mechanism could be attributed to hemolysin, since the simultaneous injection of partially purified hemolysin gave a similar enhancement of nephropathogenicity. Intraperitoneal injection of hemoglobin or iron sulfate before intravenous challenge with this avirulent strain also led to increased virulence. The nephropathogenicity-enhancing effect of hemolysin is therefore supposed to depend on increasing the level of available iron in the host. Under conditions of plentiful iron, hemolysin production was repressed, as shown by in vitro growth experiments in the presence of exogenous iron. These results suggest that the production of hemolysin is regulated by feedback inhibition.
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PMID:In vivo function of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. 635 94

A black multipara was shown, by hemoglobin electrophoresis, to have hemoglobin SD disease. The patient exhibited a typically mild anemia that probably was secondary to folate and iron deficiencies as well as to hemoglobinopathic hemolysis. The course of her pregnancy was complicated by pyelonephritis and hyposthenuria, both of which have been reported in association with hemoglobin SD disease in pregnancy. The patient also was shown to have acute cholecystitis probably superimposed on a chronic cholelithiasis. This latter complication was probably the result of hemolysis due to hemoglobin SD disease. The patient was treated medically with good results, and, despite poor compliance and heroin addiction, delivered a viable infant at term.
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PMID:Hemoglobin SD disease associated with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in pregnancy. 712 20

Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive neoplasm with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one patient, all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, hemoglobin SC disease. These 33 patients are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the tumors occurred equally in men and women. The dominant tumor mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The tumors had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These tumors probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the renal papillae, the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral hematuria in patients with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that renal medullary carcinoma represents another example of renal disease associated with sickle cell disorders. The other six are unilateral hematuria, papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome, renal infarction, inability to concentrate urine, and pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Renal medullary carcinoma. The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. 752 70

A case of subcapsular hematoma, a rare complication of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is described. A 60-year-old diabetic woman was admitted with a 3 day history of fever and left flank pain due to acute pyelonephritis. On the third day in hospital, left flank pain worsened despite use of antibiotics available for the treatments of APN and hemoglobin rapidly decreased from 11.1 to 7.9 g/dL. Ultrasonography and abdominal CT showed left subcapsular hematoma. Renal angiography demonstrated an ovoid avascular zone between the capsular artery and parenchyme of the left kidney with no evidence of tumors or vascular abnormalities, such as arteriovenous malformation or fistula. Subsequent percutaneous drainage of this subcapsular hematoma was performed and showed old blood-colored drainage. Hereby, the possibility of subcapsular renal hematoma in the course of acute pyelonephritis is stressed as a rare complication.
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PMID:Subcapsular hematoma as a complication of acute pyelonephritis: a case report. 981 Nov 89

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of contemporary management on the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by diabetes in women with microvascular disease versus women without microvascular disease. The study population consisted of two hundred and eighty-eight (288) pregnant women with pregestational diabetes and one hundred and fifty (150) healthy pregnant controls. Diabetic women were grouped according to the presence (n = 103) or absence of diabetic microvascular disease (n = 185). Data were collected regarding diabetes management, level of glycemic control, and the development of antenatal complications. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared among the three groups. Women in the diabetes groups were stratified according to mean blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin during each trimester. There was no significant difference found between the two diabetes groups in terms of preterm labor, polyhydramnios, pyelonephritis, and growth restriction. The only maternal complications that occurred with increased incidence among women with microvascular disease were acute hypertensive complications (51.6 vs. 32.9%; p<0.05). However, when the diabetes groups were compared to healthy controls, a significant difference was seen in all maternal and neonatal complications. Preterm delivery, polyhydramnios, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants were associated with poor third-trimester metabolic control as compared with others in satisfactory metabolic controls: 30.8 vs. 11.4% for preterm delivery; 17.3 vs. 5.1% for polyhydramnios; 51.9 vs. 33.9% for LGA; p<0.05. Congenital malformations were associated with poor first-trimester glucose control (5.8 vs. 1.3% anomalies in well-controlled women). Furthermore, major congenital malformations were also significantly increased in the offspring of women with diabetic microvascular disease 6.8%, as compared to 1.69% in diabetic women without microvascular disease; p<0.01. The incidence of hypertensive complications did not differ between the two diabetic groups. Pregestational diabetic women with and without microvascular disease can be counseled to anticipate comparably favorable pregnancy outcomes, although maternal and neonatal complications may exceed that experienced by pregnant women without diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Pregnancy outcomes among women with and without diabetic microvascular disease (White's classes B to FR) versus non-diabetic controls. 989 Feb 54

As shown by the analysis of chronic pyelonephritis, manifestations in patients with high and low activity of antioxidant system enzymes, patients with high catalase activity have more effective defense of red cells, glomerular epithelium. This was concluded from marked differences in urinary excretion of metabolites, hemoglobin levels compared to those in patients with low activity of catalase. In low activity of glutathione peroxidase, inflammation gains activity, nonspecific resistance weakens, excretion of some metabolites inhibits vs patients with high activity of this enzyme. The data provide criteria for diagnosis of antioxidant system defects and show necessity of antioxidant drugs inclusion into the therapeutic scheme (unitiol, antioxidant complex of vitamins A, E, C, P).
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PMID:[Homeostatic and antioxidant defense enzymes activity in chronic pyelonephritis]. 1118


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