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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have described a case of reversible acute renal failure caused by acute pyelonephritis. In this entity, the kidneys are swollen by an interstitial infiltrate and edema, and white cell tubular casts and microabscesses may be present. Fractional excretion of sodium is high, and nephrotic proteinuria may occur without glomerular abnormalities. Recovery of renal function may occur if antibiotics are promptly instituted. Renal size generally decreases after recovery.
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PMID:Reversible acute renal failure secondary to acute pyelonephritis. 736 Nov 50

A 34-year-old woman who 14 years previously had undergone a left nephrotomy for nephrolithiasis complained of pain in the left renal fossa which was reddened and painful on percussion. She had a fever of 38.2 degrees C. C-reactive protein was raised to 80 mg/l, the white cell count to 14,620/microliters (83% neutrophils). Protein and white cells were found in the urine together with a significant number of E. coli on urine culture. Plain film of the abdomen showed a staghorn calculus and ultrasonography demonstrated renal enlargement with a possible paranephritic abscess. The computed tomography diagnosis was xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, on the basis of renal enlargement, staghorn calculus, hypodense areas with typical density values (10-15 Hounsfield units), contrast enrichment and extrarenal extension of partly phlegmonous partly fused-together inflammatory changes. The abscessing parts were drained under computed tomography control. Starting 7 days pre-operatively the patient had been receiving ciprofloxacin (0.4 g daily) intravenously. A nephrectomy had to be performed subsequently. Antibiotic treatment was discontinued 2 weeks later and she was discharged symptom-free. The diagnosis of diffuse xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis was confirmed by histological examination of the surgical specimen.
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PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with phlegmonous abdominal wall infiltration. Diagnosis and assessment of extent via computerized tomography]. 785 Dec 87

Seventy six children, 18 boys and 58 girls, aged 0-15.9 (median 1.0) years, with acute pyelonephritis were prospectively studied with a technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan during infection and two months later. Fifty nine of these children were also studied two years after the infection. Seventeen children with a normal DMSA scan during infection or at two months after infection, or both, were not investigated by a DMSA scan at two years after acute pyelonephritis. A micturition cystourethrogram was performed in all the children after two months. Changes on the DMSA scan were found in 65 (86%) children during acute pyelonephritis, in 45 (59%) children at two months, and in 28 (37%) children at two years after infection. Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) was found in 19 (25%) children at two months. Renal scarring was significantly correlated with the presence of gross VUR and recurrent pyelonephritis, but 62% of the scarred kidneys were drained by non-refluxing ureters. Children with scars were older at the time of acute pyelonephritis than those without scars but no difference was found between the groups with regard to duration of illness, levels of C reactive protein and maximum white cell count, glomerular filtration rate, nor renal concentration capacity at the time of infection. It is concluded that renal scarring after acute pyelonephritis in children is more common than has been previously thought. Although children with gross VUR and recurrent pyelonephritis are at the greatest risk, renal scarring is more often seen without these risk factors.
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PMID:Renal scarring after acute pyelonephritis. 797 42

Although pyelonephritis is a common disease, it escapes clinical detection in an undesirably high proportion of patients. The present unsatisfactory diagnostic position would be much improved by widespread screening of patients by simple yet reasonably accurate methods. Bacterial counts by the pour-plate technique and estimates of the white cell excretion per hour or day, while undoubtedly of diagnostic value, are probably unsuitable for use on a wide scale. In an attempt to find more convenient procedures a simplified stroke-plate method of bacterial counting and a simplified quantitative white cell count method were devised and applied to over 1,000 mid-stream urine samples from 398 patients. Good correlation was obtained between the simpler stroke-plate method of bacterial counting and the more time-consuming pour-plate method. The quantitative white cell procedure was a much more sensitive index of pyuria than wet-film microscopy, and comparison with the bacterial count results showed that it gave a useful indication of urinary infection. It is suggested that a quantitative bacterial count should replace non-quantitative culture methods when urinary infection is suspected and that the quantitative white cell count should be performed as a routine part of the initial clinical and laboratory assessment of all patients, followed by a bacterial count if pyuria is revealed. Experience has shown that routine urine microscopy by a precise method leads to the detection of many cases of occult urinary infection.
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PMID:Simplified quantitative methods for bacteriuria and pyuria. 1681 Sep 93

An 82-year-old man presented with high-grade fever, left flank pain with dysuria. Urine culture revealed the growth of Escherichia coli. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography features were suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) of the left kidney. Serial hemogram studies revealed markedly raised white cell count with the presence of blast cells. On further evaluation by peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsy studies, a background disease setting of acute prolymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed. This is a very rare case report of acute leukemia masquerading as a case of XPN, and the optimum treatment protocol is yet to be established in such a scenario.
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PMID:Acute leukemia masquerading as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. 2847 73