Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary lactic dehydrogenase (U-LDH) isoenzyme assays were performed on ch2) as well as normal controls (N = 24). Docuemntation of bladder and kidney infection was accomplished by means of the bladder washout test, culture of ureteric urine (in patients with urinary diversion), kidney function studies including the maximal urine concentration test, clinical symptomatology and radiologic appearance of the urinary tract. Total U-LDH in normal children (10.8 +/- 1 mU/ml) was lower than in patients with bladder (27.0 +/- 3.9 mU/ml) or kidney (226 +/- 67.3 mU/ml) infections (P less than 0.005). In normal children isoenzymes 1 and 2 predominated (LDH-1 migrates fastest to anode -- fast zone pattern). In patients with bladder infections, the isoenzyme patterns varied but the concentration of isoenzyme 5 (3.1 +/- 0.8 mU/ml) was lower (P less than 0.005) than in patients with kidney infections (120 +/- 39 mU/ml). In the latter, isoenzymes 4 and 5 predominated (slow zone pattern). Since overlap between kidney and bladder infections regarding isoenzyme 5 concentrations (at 3 SD) occurred in only one individual (patient 37), a correct differential diagnosis using U-LDH-5 alone would have been possible in 94% of the children with pyelonephritis or 97% of the total patient population (kidney + bladder).
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PMID:Urinary lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 in the differential diagnosis of kidney and bladder infections. 117 77

Aminoglycoside-induced renal damage is enhanced in animals with Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Bacterial endotoxin is liberated during antibiotic therapy. The toxic effect of endotoxin and tobramycin, alone or in combination, was investigated in primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubular cells grown to confluence in serum-free medium. Sodium-dependent uptakes of Pi and alpha-methylglucopyranoside (MGP) and enzymatic activities (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] released as a marker of cell necrosis and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT] and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG] present in the homogenate as markers of brush border membrane and lysosome integrity) were measured. Cells were exposed to (i) endotoxin (20 mg/liter), tobramycin (1 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 48 h, or (ii) endotoxin (100 mg/liter), tobramycin (4 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 72 h. Endotoxin alone did not alter Pi uptake, but tobramycin inhibited Pi uptake through a decrease in Vmax. The effect was not enhanced by the combination of endotoxin and tobramycin. Endotoxin and tobramycin alone exerted no significant effect upon MGP uptake, but strong inhibition of the Vmax was observed after exposure to a combination of endotoxin plus tobramycin, without alteration of the Km. Endotoxin decreased residual GGT activity in the cell homogenate. Tobramycin increased LDH release in the medium and NAG activity in the homogenate. Endotoxin plus tobramycin resulted in an additive effect upon LDH and NAG activities. In conclusion, by disturbing apical membrane integrity, endotoxin increased tobramycin toxicity in vitro in the absence of serum hormonal mediator.
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PMID:Endotoxin-tobramycin additive toxicity on renal proximal tubular cells in culture. 167 35

Our investigation of cefotiam in pediatric infection produced the following results: 1. Cefotiam was administered intravenously by one shot or drip infusion in 20 patients with infectious diseases. These diseases consisted of 13 pneumonia, 3 upper respiratory tract infections, 3 pyelonephritis, 2 other urinary tract infections and one purulent meningitis. Cefotiam was effective in all cases. 2. Transient elevation in serum GOT, GPT, Al-P and LDH was observed in 3 cases. But other side effect was not noted in any cases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefotiam in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 18

The nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic activity of fosfomycin were investigated in female wistar-rats. Measures of nephrotoxicity were urinary excretion of tubular cells and of the enzymes MDH, LDH, and GOT. Histological investigations and estimation of serum urea concentration and proteinuria were also evaluated. The doses of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg/d were administered in 9 single doses with 12 hours interval. The lowest dose which induced a significantly increased tubular cell excretion was 1000 mg/kg/d and therefore in the same range as the tubulotoxic threshold doses of cephalosporins. Chemotherapy of the chronic estrogen induced pyelonephritis revealed equally favourable results for fosfomycin and cefuroxim at dosages of 2 X 150 mg/kg/d. The pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin at a single dose of 150 mg/kg/d were equivalent to those of cefuroxim. These animal experiments showed fosfomycin to be of value as a therapeutic alternative to cephalosporin antibiotics.
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PMID:[Fosfomycin: animal experiments on nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy (author's transl)]. 746 97

The aim of this study is to report the extrarenal computerized tomography (CT) findings in patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN). Twenty-one CT examinations of 20 patients [19 women and one man, with ages ranging from 18 to 57 years (mean -35.2 years)], presenting either with a clinical diagnosis of APN (n=17) or with a suspected acute appendicitis, fever of unknown origin, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, one in each, were retrospectively reviewed. None had a known preexisting systemic disease. Results showed that renal abnormalities were seen on CT in all patients. In addition, ascites was detected in all women patients associated with subcutaneous edema in five of them. A thickened gallbladder wall was found in 19 cases, all were women, and periportal tracking and a dilated inferior vena cava in 17 CTs. Pleural effusion and thickened interlobular septa were present in 16 and 15 studies, respectively. Relevant laboratory findings included hypoalbuminemia in 14, elevated liver enzymes in 11, hypocholesterolemia in nine, and elevated LDH levels in six cases. In conclusion, radiologists should be familiar with the extrarenal imaging features of APN that may be seen on CT, and on ultrasonography as well, and should look for renal abnormalities to diagnose a clinically unsuspected APN. Alternatively, APN should be included in the differential diagnosis of systemic diseases that cause gallbladder wall thickening to avoid misdiagnosing it as acute cholecystitis.
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PMID:Extrarenal manifestations of severe acute pyelonephritis: CT findings in 21 cases. 1694 Nov 12

Forty-five patients with acute or recurrent pyelonephritis (32), lower respiratory infection (7) or various other serious infections (6), were treated with ceftazidime. Most infections were severe, often in the presence of aggravating factors, and had failed to respond to previous antibiotic therapy. Infecting organisms were Escherichia coli (23), other Enterobacteriaceae (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11), mixed flora including Ps. aeruginosa (3) and Staphylococcus albus (1). The organisms were often multiresistant. Dosage ranged from 1 to 6 g daily im or iv. All patients were clinically cured, except two who only improved. In 35 patients the organisms were eradicated, in two partially eradicated, and in six persisted or recurred. Most bacteriological failures were observed in patients infected with Ps. aeruginosa. Tolerance of the drug was excellent. A transient leucopenia was observed in one patient and transient high SGOT and LDH in another. After an intramuscular dose of 1 g im serum levels were 33 mg/l at 2 h, 137 mg/l at 6 h and 85 mg/l at 12 h. The average half-life was 2.6 h. Urinary levels were high and 79-92% of the dose was recovered from the urine after 12 h. After 3 days therapy with 1 and 2 g im 12-hourly, bone levels exceeded 10 and 15 mg/l, respectively. Ceftazidime was a safe and effective drug for the treatment of infection. A dose of 0.5 g 12-hourly is sufficient for urinary infections, but higher doses are needed in other infections, especially when due to Ps. aeruginosa.
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PMID:Ceftazidime: therapeutic results in various infections and kinetic studies. 1980 10