Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis diagnosed following nephrectomy is described, considering its outstanding characteristics such as male adolescent, right kidney, involvement with normal function and without pathological history for which there is no explanation to date. This disease usually occurs in women 60 years or older, suggesting a renal tumor. In 50% of the cases, urine cultures are positive for Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis; in accordance with different reports renal tissue cultures are positive in more than 90%. Malnutrition, calcification, urolithiasis and renal failure with hydronephrosis are common findings. The left kidney is more frequently involved. The etiology is unclear: many hypotheses are discussed, with malnutrition and peroxidase deficit as important causes.
 ...
PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in an adolescent]. 248 45

The enzyme superoxide dismutase affords a protective effect from renal scarring secondary to acute pyelonephritis in primates. To investigate the relationship between renal superoxide dismutase content and age we selected formalin-fixed normal human renal tissue from subjects of varying age, ranging from premature infant to adult, for immunostaining with human anti-superoxide dismutase antibody using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Sections that demonstrated acute pyelonephritis were immunostained for comparison. Immunostaining for superoxide dismutase was detected consistently in the proximal tubular cell cytoplasm in all specimens regardless of subject age. Superoxide dismutase was not detected in other segments of the nephron. In kidneys that demonstrated acute pyelonephritis we detected enhanced immunostaining in the proximal tubules, as well as increased background staining related to the inflammatory cells present. These results in conjunction with recent demonstrations of proximal tubular cell endocytosis of bacteria suggest that superoxide dismutase has an important role in mediating the initial events of pyelonephritis within the proximal tubular cell.
 ...
PMID:Role of superoxide dismutase in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis: immunological localization of superoxide dismutase in human renal tissues. 266 28

Authors have studied in apostematous pyelonephritis induced by the ligation of the ureter and the intravenous injection of E coli bacteria the localization and elimination with time of the pathogen. The pathogen was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, its parietel antigen was localized with the light microscopic peroxidase antiperoxidase and post-embedding electron microscopic immunogold techniques. Two days after inoculation the suppurative inflammation of tubulo-interstitial foci was observed; in the capillaries, interstitium, and tubuli, free and phagocyted bacteria were encountered. In the interstitium, in the proximal tubuli and in the capillary space of some glomeruli bacterial groups were observed. Intracapillary bacteria were attached by their outer wall to the surface of endothelial cells. In the tubuli this adherence occurred with pili or with the outer layer of bacterial wall. From the seventh day after inoculation macrophages containing PAS-positive globuli appeared in the interstitium. Under the electron microscope these globuli proved to be features composed of myelin figures of phagolysosomal origin. Globuli and the myelin figures possessed an E. coli antigenicity. Thirteen weeks after inoculation E. coli antigen positivity was found in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells in the tubular walls and in the suppurative cylinders, The organism was apparently unable to eliminate the materials derived from the pathogenic microorganisms.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical and electron microscope studies in experimental E. coli pyelonephritis]. 266 79

The distribution of renin in two cases of segmental renal hypoplasia was investigated by immunofluorescence and the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method using an anti-human renin antiserum. Renin-containing cells were found only in hypoplasic segments in the vicinity of altered glomeruli and small arteries. Well-preserved renal cortex and areas of chronic atrophic pyelonephritis failed to show any demonstrable site of renin production. Whatever is the mechanism of the disease, the characterization of large numbers of renin-containing cells in the affected kidney support a role for the renin-angiotensin system stimulation in this form of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Renin localization in segmental renal hypoplasia. Immunohistochemical demonstration in two cases. 701 53

Injection of heat killed bacteria into kidney parenchyma results in pathologic lesions similar to chronic pyelonephritis while immunosuppression reverses this phenomenon. These observations and the propensity of lipid A to bind to cell membranes suggest that the lipid component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide antigens may be important in the pathogenesis of kidney tubule cell death. The right kidneys of syngeneic Fischer 344 rats were repeatedly injected with glycolipid prepared from Salmonella minnesota Re 595 cell walls. As a control, the contralateral kidney was injected with normal saline. The inflammatory response observed in the glycolipid injected kidney was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) than the response detected in the contralateral saline injected control kidney. Electron microscopy of kidney tubule cells incubated with peroxidase conjugated glycolipid demonstrated glycolipid bound to the kidney tubule cell plasma membranes. These studies suggest that individual antigenic components can induce kidney lesions and tubule cell death similar to that seen in chronic pyelonephritis.
 ...
PMID:Salmonella Minnesota Re 595 lipid A induced nephritis. 706 6

A case of hydronephrosis caused by renal stones with elevated serum levels of carbohydrate antigens 19-9 (CA-19-9) and 125 (CA-125) is reported. A 74-year-old woman was hospitalized with pyelonephritis. The results of computerized tomography and endoscopy suggested that the patient did not have pancreatic or ovarian cancer, but laboratory tests were significant for serum CA-19-9 greater than 1,000 U/ml (normal less than 37) and serum CA-125 78 U/ml (normal less than 35), which are markers for such tumors. Abdominal X-ray films showed stones in the pelvis of the right kidney. Excretory urography showed that the right kidney was not functioning. Computerized tomography showed severe right hydronephrosis with a thin renal cortex. Complete obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction of the kidney was seen by retrograde pyelography. During percutaneous pyelography, aspiration of the pelvic urine was done, and the sample had a high concentration of CA-19-9 (250,000 U/ml), but no cancer cells. The patients underwent right nephrectomy. The pelvic urine was tested for both CA-19-9 and CA-125 this time, and both were high (190,000 U/ml and 5,100 U/ml, respectively). Pathological evaluation showed no evidence of a malignant tumor. The epithelium lining the renal pelvis was stained for both CA-19-9 and CA-125 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Serum levels of the markers returned to normal after nephrectomy.
 ...
PMID:[A case of hydronephrosis caused by renal stones with elevated serum levels of CA-19-9 and CA-125]. 799 2

Diagnosis of the location of upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is necessary in defining the therapeutic conduct that has a different period and intensity according to the infection location and in prognosis. Many studies show the lack of clinical criteria peculiarity in revealing the different location of UTI. As a result, the correct location of the level in which UTI develops is the necessity of paraclinical investigations. Urinary sample examination, in which urinary sediment microscopy is essential, is a reliable technique in fast detection and localization of UTI. Finding, in pyuria context, the classic significant bacteriuria (> or = 10(5) CFU/ml) or lower value bacteriuria (< or = 10(4) CFU/ml) confirms the UTI diagnosis. The upper tract infection prognosis increases when leukocyte cylinders, characteristic for pyelonephritis, appear together with intact or degraded leukocytes, single or grouped. We settled an algorithm to examine the urine samples in order to: Concentrate and preserve the structural integrity of leukocytes and cylinders, examining the conventional urinary sediment Precisely identify and differentiate these elements by vital coloration (leukocyte peroxidase coloration and Sternheimer - Malbin coloration) to establish more accurate the UTI level. The vital coloration for leukocyte peroxidase has cytological specificity, confirming the pyuria and the cylinders that contain leukocytes (leukocytary, granular, mixed) and obviously ameliorates the reliability and reproducibility of the urinary sediment cytological exam.
 ...
PMID:A study for the improvement of the cytological urine examination performances in upper tract infection diagnosis. 1600 43