Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The papE, papF, and papG genes of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are dispensable for the synthesis and assembly of pili associated with pyelonephritis, called Pap pili. Phenotypically, papF and papG mediate digalactoside [alpha-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-Galp)-specific adhesion. Although whole bacterial cells of a papE mutant bind to this receptor, purified pili from such a mutant do not. This is in contrast to pili purified from the wild type, which bind specifically. The DNA sequences of the papE and papF genes are presented, together with the deduced primary structure of the gene products. Both proteins have most of the features characteristic of Escherichia coli type 1 and Pap pilins. The PapE protein can be detected in the purified wild-type pilus by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining or by autoradiography of gels to which radioiodinated pili have been applied. In rabbits immunized with purified Pap pili, antibodies specific for both PapE and PapF are produced. We propose that PapE and PapF are minor pilins in the Pap pilus.
 ...
PMID:Gene products specifying adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are minor components of pili. 286 89

The Escherichia coli urinary tract isolate C1212 contains two pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap) DNA sequences designated here as pap-17 and pap-21. Each of these pap sequences encodes antigenically-distinct pilin monomers, pilin-17 and pilin-21, respectively. Most individual strain C1212 cells isolated from a single bacterial colony expressed pilin-21. Only a small fraction (5%) of strain C1212 cells expressed pilin-17. Most of the latter population simultaneously expressed pilin-21, but a low percentage of cells expressed pili composed of pilin-17 alone. In contrast, almost every E. coli K-12 cell containing multicopy pap-17 expressed pilin-17 at the cell surface. These results indicated that the regulation of pilin-17 expression observed for strain C1212 was lost when pap-17 was in the multicopy state. Transfer of pap-17 to a single copy vector resulted in a pilin-17 expression frequency lower than strain C1212 (1%). Using E. coli K-12 containing single copy pap-17, we found that the frequency of pilin-17 expression increased about 15-fold when pap-21 was present in multiple copies in trans. Subcloning of pap-21 showed that a 2.2 kilobase-pair DNA sequence adjacent to, but not including, the pilin-21 structural gene was sufficient for activation of pilin-17 expression.
 ...
PMID:The frequency of expression of pyelonephritis-associated pili is under regulatory control. 289 90

We analyzed Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in an attempt to determine if any of these strains were similar to E. coli isolated from humans with UTIs. Using genotypic and phenotypic traits, we identified four canine and six human E. coli UTI isolates that all appeared to be closely related or identical. All isolates shared similar DNA sequences for pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap), alpha-hemolysin (hly), and insertion sequence 5 (IS5), on the basis of Southern blot analysis. Similar outer membrane protein, pilin, and plasmid profiles were obtained for each of the isolates, although minor heterogeneity was observed. All of these isolates expressed a neuraminidase-sensitive binding phenotype in contrast to the majority of human isolates, which are known to express an adhesin that recognizes terminal digalactoside residues. Taken together, these results suggest that similar E. coli uropathogens may be capable of infecting both dogs and humans. To determine if the intestinal tracts of dogs were a reservoir for uropathogenic E. coli, eight paired rectal and urine pap+ E. coli strains were cultured from dogs with UTIs. By using the same genotypic and phenotypic criteria described above as a basis for strain identity, seven of eight urine-rectal pairs showed intrapair identity. However, each urine-rectal pair displayed a unique overall profile and could be distinguished from the other pairs. We conclude that the uropathogen colonizing the bladders of dog can also be the predominant strain colonizing the intestinal tracts.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and comparison of Escherichia coli strains from canine and human patients with urinary tract infections. 290 3

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are major causative agents of cystitis and pyelonephritis. Most E. coli pyelonephritis isolates express pili encoded by the pyelonephritis-associated pili (pap) gene cluster. The pap DNA sequence encodes pilin monomers that are assembled into pili fibers; pap also encodes adhesins that recent results suggest might be located at the tips of the pilus fibers. The study presented here is a status report of work that has two major goals: to determine (1) if any Pap proteins associate with pili and (2) if Pap proteins not required for pili assembly affect levels of pili-cell surface expression. To address the first aim, antisera to pili were used to precipitate pili from detergent extracts containing 35S-labeled Pap proteins. The results suggested that a protein of 16-kilodaltons apparent molecular mass associated with pili. Other interpretations of the data are discussed. The second aim was addressed by constructing E. coli strains that contained different pap regions. With the use of electron microscopy and a pili ELISA, it was found that E. coli containing a 6.5-kilobase-pair region of pap expressed low levels of pili, but no P-adhesin was detected. Transformation of this E. coli strain with a plasmid containing an additional 3.5-kilobase-pair pap DNA sequence resulted in an eightfold increase in pili expression as well as expression of P adhesin. These results indicated that pili expression was affected by Pap proteins not required for pili assembly.
 ...
PMID:Interaction between pap-encoded pilin and adhesin gene products of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 290 38

The genetic determinants responsible for the adherence of Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells have been identified in recent years by genetic and molecular methods. Specific DNA probes for each of the three operons which have been cloned so far (pap, afa, sfa/foc operons) have been used in colony hybridization experiments to detect the presence of each of these operons in the chromosomal DNA of 443 strains of E. coli; 186 strains were from patients with urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, 106 strains; cystitis, 59; asymptomatic bacteriuria, 21) and 257 were strains from the stools of healthy subjects (61) or from patients with various enteral infections (196). E. coli strains harbouring the pap operon were found more frequently in the urine of patients with pyelonephritis (p less than 0.001) and cystitis (p less than 0.01) than in control stools. The presence of two operons (pap + afa) or (pap + sfa/foc) was only observed in uropathogenic strains (p less than 0.02). Pap and sfa/foc operons were never found in strains causing enteral infection; however, the afa operon was found in 7.6% of the enteropathogenic E. coli.
 ...
PMID:Detection by molecular hybridization of pap, afa, and sfa adherence systems in Escherichia coli strains associated with urinary and enteral infections. 307 1

Bacterial urease, particularly from Proteus mirabilis, has been implicated as a contributing factor in the formation of urinary and kidney stones, obstruction of urinary catheters, and pyelonephritis. Weekly urine specimens (n = 1,135) from 32 patients, residing at two chronic-care facilities, with urinary catheters in place for greater than or equal to 30 days yielded 5,088 phenotypically and serotypically diverse bacterial isolates at greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml. A total of 86% of specimens contained at least one urease-positive species, and 46% of 3,939 gram-negative bacilli were urease positive. For investigation of genetic relatedness of urease determinants, whole-cell DNA from 50 urease-positive isolates each of Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri, P. mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Morganella morganii were hybridized with a urease gene probe derived from within the urease operon of Providencia stuartii BE2467. The percentage of strains hybridizing with the gene probe was 98 for Providencia stuartii, 100 for Providencia rettgeri, 70 for P. mirabilis, 2 for M. morganii, and 0 for P. vulgaris. Electrophoretic mobilities of ureases from representative isolates revealed nine different patterns among the five species. The urease gene probe hybridized with fragments of HindIII-digested chromosomal DNA from all isolates except M. morganii. Fragment sizes differed between species. Molecular sizes of the enzymes, determined by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography, were found to be 280 kilodaltons (kDa) (P. mirabilis), 323 to 337 kDa (Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris), 620 kDa (providencia rettgeri), and greater than 700 kDa (M. morganii, Providencia rettgeri). Kms ranged from 0.7 mM urea for M. morganii to 60 mM urea for a P. mirabilis isolate. In general, P. mirabilis ureases demonstrated lower affinities for substrate but hydrolyzed urea at rates 6- to 25-fold faster than did enzymes from other species, which may explain the frequent association of this species with stone formation.
 ...
PMID:Genetic and biochemical diversity of ureases of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella species isolated from urinary tract infection. 362 98

A 37-year-old female patient reported marked weight loss, prolonged alopecia, recurrent infections and watery diarrhoea. Examination revealed Salmonella infection, candidiasis and immunological signs of previous toxoplasmosis. Between 1978 and 1981, the patient had had close sexual relations to a patient with haemophilia A. Due to this fact, AIDS was suspected. Serological tests for HIV were not available at the time. The findings in DNA image cytometry (nuclear DNA inclusion bodies, polyploid lymphocyte nuclei and binuclear lymphocytes) suggested a viral infection of the lymphoid cells. Electron microscopy revealed in hepatocytes and cerebral cells intranuclear inclusion bodies whose size and contents were not compatible with an infection caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes virus or Epstein-Barr virus. In autopsy, infections of various organ systems such as pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, urocystitis, pyelonephritis, Candida oesophagitis and enteritis were found.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS in a woman having had sexual relations with a patient with hemophilia A. Characteristic findings in DNA image cytometry]. 379 20

The species, individual and tissue specificity of bacterial binding reactions was studied using wild-type E. coli strains from diarrhoea or urinary tract infection, and derivatives with genetically manipulated adhesins. E. coli J96 and GR12 were isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis; E. coli strains expressing the CFAI and II antigens from the stools of patients with diarrhoea. E. coli J96, GR12 and CFAI induced mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes; E. coli J96 and GR12 in addition carried mannose-sensitive adhesins. Mutants of GR12 with either or both of these adhesins were obtained through chemical mutagenesis. Cloning of 6-8 mdal fragments of chromosomal DNA from J96 into E. coli K12 resulted in expression of pili and binding properties in the previously non-piliated and non-binding strain. Bacterial binding was registered to target cells from different human tissues; small intestinal brush borders, uroepithelial and buccal cells and erythrocytes and was compared between species using rabbit intestinal brush borders, mouse bladder cells and guinea pig erythrocytes. Individual variation was illustrated by agglutination of human P1 erythrocytes and those of blood group p lacking the globoseries glycolipid receptors. Specific recognition of globoseries glycolipid receptors was defined as capacity to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes after but not before coating with globotetraosylceramide. Binding specific for mannose-containing receptors was diagnosed by mannose-reversible agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. The binding pattern of the wild-type strains was related to the site of infection, i.e. the CFAI and II strains bound to small intestinal brush borders and the pyelonephritogenic E. coli to uroepithelial cells, but not vice versa. The mutants and clones retained the binding properties of the parent/donor both in degree and specificity of binding. Strains with adhesins specific for globoseries glycolipids attached to human uroepithelia, mouse uroepithelial and buccal cells. Within the group of strains with mannose-sensitive adhesins heterogeneity was observed. Strains sharing ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes to a mannose-reversible manner bound or did not bind to human buccal cells, to human uroepithelial cells and agglutinated or did not agglutinate human erythrocytes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of genetic technology in the study of bacterial binding reactions. The role of pili as adhesins is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Target cell specificity of wild-type E. coli and mutants and clones with genetically defined adhesins. 614 Jul 5

Bacteria representing eight genera of the Enterobacteriaceae were collected from human extraintestinal infections and examined to determine whether they contained gene sequences necessary for expression of a pili type often associated with bacteria causing human pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli isolated from most of the extraintestinal sites were frequently found to possess pap-related DNA sequences. Isolates which possessed these sequences were often found to exhibit D-mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and to have surface antigens related to P pili.
 ...
PMID:Frequency of gene sequences necessary for pyelonephritis-associated pili expression among isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from human extraintestinal infections. 614 99

A chromosomal DNA fragment which mediates Pap (pili associated with pyelonephritis) pili formation, mannose-resistant hemagglutination ( MRHA ) and binding to uroepithelial cells has been isolated from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolate J96 , and genetically studied. Analysis of polypeptides expressed by the Pap DNA led to detection of a number of polypeptides ranging in mol. wt. from 13 000 to 81 000 daltons. The gene order and transcriptional orientation for four of the corresponding cistrons was: 13 000 ( papB ) 19 500 ( papA , structural gene for the Pap pilus subunit), 81 000 ( papC ) and 28 500 ( papD ). Analyses of a lacZ- papA gene fusion located a promoter upstream from papA within the cloned DNA. Transposon Tn5 insertions in any of these four cistrons decreased or eliminated Pap pili formation. A number of transposon Tn5 mutations were identified in a region distal to papD that expressed normal levels of the papA protein on the cell surface in the form of recognizable pili structures but did not agglutinate human erythrocytes or adhere to uroepithelial cells. This region expressed polypeptides of 15 000, 24 000, 26 000 and 35 000 daltons. This finding shows that Pap pili formation and binding properties can be genetically dissociated.
 ...
PMID:Mutations in E coli cistrons affecting adhesion to human cells do not abolish Pap pili fiber formation. 614 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>