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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 47 children with acute pyelonephritis were investigated using water delay ultrasonographic equipment (Octoson) for determination of renal parenchymal volume by the stepped section technique. Thirty two patients were repeatedly investigated every to every other week up to seven weeks. Median renal parenchymal volume during acute pyelonephritis of the right kidney was 2.70 cm3/kg body weight and of the left kidney 3.10 cm3/kg; this was significantly larger than the volume of control kidneys, which was 1.82 and 2.07 cm3/kg, respectively. The most enlarged kidneys were found among the youngest children. A significant successive decrease in renal size was found during the first four to five weeks after the acute pyelonephritis. Because of enlargement of the kidneys during acute pyelonephritis we suggest that the first renal size determination to be used for following renal growth should be performed after at least four to six weeks.
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PMID:Renal parenchymal volume during and after acute pyelonephritis measured by ultrasonography. 306 21

40 patients with arterial hypertension II stage, 51 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis and a control group of IO healthy persons were examined during a free from medicamentous treatment period by a group of clearance tests in order to study the excretory system function and the degree of its affection in the earliest phases of the diseases studied. By means of the isotopic clearances of 169Yb-EDTA for determinations of the glomerular filtration, 131-I-hippuran for effective renal plasma circulation, the electrolytic clearances of Na, K, Ca, Cl and creatinine, the volume of the water excretion and the lithium clearance, the degree of the renal lesion was determined in every patient examined by the deviations from the normal values and the role of the different nephron sections as well. The results of the study revealed that the best tests for evaluation of the renal function in chronic renal diseases are the electrolyte clearances of Na, K, Ca, Cl, and in arterial hypertension--the lithium clearance.
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PMID:[A comparison of the diagnostic reliability of the results of isotopic and routine clearance studies in essential and symptomatic hypertension]. 313 28

Individually housed male AKR/NCrlBR mice used in a chronic inhalation experiment were noted to develop a severe obstructive genitourinary condition. The mouse urologic syndrome (MUS) had one or more of the following features: bladder distension; peripreputial urine staining, alopecia, and edema; paraphimosis; urethral blockage; ulcerative balanophosthitis; hydronephrosis; pyelonephritis; rectal prolapse; and perineal ulcerative dermatitis. MUS was less severe and less prevalent in similarly housed B6C3F1/CrlBR and NIH-Swiss mice used in the same experiment. Epidemiologic evidence within the animal facility restricted the syndrome to the inhalation toxicology area. The effects of intermittent water deprivation as well as wire caging on the development of MUS were studied because these conditions were only utilized in the inhalation facility. Male AKR/NCrlBR mice, caged individually in suspended wire caging or kept isolated in polystyrene shoebox style cages containing wire floorwalk bottoms, all developed MUS within 16 weeks. Mice which were housed directly on hardwood bedding in identical plastic caging remained free of the syndrome, as did castrated males which were kept in suspended wire cages. Water deprivation was not found to be a major contributing factor to the development of the condition, but was found to augment its severity. We concluded that although MUS is probably multifactorial in etiology, housing susceptible animals on wire bottom caging may exacerbate the incidence and severity of the condition in certain strains of male mice.
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PMID:Urologic syndrome associated with wire caging in AKR mice. 319 55

Conflicting opinions exist concerning the use of various birth control methods for women suffering from kidney diseases. Some researchers think kidney diseases are a contraindication for the use of IUD; since IUDs may cause inflammatory processes; others think that preventive therapy of extragenital diseases may make the use of IUD possible. The article studies the functional condition of the urinary system and various hormone levels (renin, aldosterone, vasopressin, cortisol) in women using an IUD. The selections of hormones was based on their role in regulating the water-salt exchange before disturbed in pathologic kidney patients. 43 women aged 19-30 were monitored before insertion and 6 months after insertion of an IUD. 20 women suffered from chronic pyelonephritis, 13 from a latent form of chronic glomerulonephritis; the control group consisted of 10 healthy women. All had previously borne children or had an induced abortion. Besides radioisotopic and radio-immunologic testing, such clinical indicators as bilirubin concentration, cholesterol, and urea in the blood, were determined. Some dependencies were found: for chronic pyelonephritis a positive correlation between the concentration of vasopressin and aldosterone, vasopressin and cortisol, and cortisol and the amount of leukocytes; for chronic glomerulonephritis, a positive correlation between aldosterone concentration and arterial pressure, cortisone level and amount of protein in the urine and concentration of vasopressin and amount of erythrocytes in the urine. The reaction of the kidneys to IUD-induced aseptic inflammatory processes in the uterus is more pronounced for healthy women and women suffering form chronic pyelonephritis, than for women with latent chronic glomerulonephritis, as demonstrated in the test by a reduction in cortisol concentration. The minor changes of the renal functions noticed in healthy and, to a somewhat larger degree, in women from chronic pyelonephritis do not constitute a contraindication for IUD usage and, for latent forms of chronic glomerulonephritis, the IUD is preferred. The functional condition of the kidneys of women suffering from chronic pyelonephritis who use an IUD should be tested by using dynamic scintigraphy.
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PMID:[Function of the kidneys and the renin-aldosterone system in women before and after use of intrauterine contraceptive devices]. 332 76

The sodium and potassium concentrations of the red blood cells and the plasma in 38 children with pyelonephritis (19 acute, 10 chronic and 9 healed), 5 children with uraemia, and 20 children with nephrotic syndrome were compared with those of control children. The red blood cell sodium concentration was lower in patients with acute pyelonephritis, uraemia, and steroid-treated nephrotic syndrome, and higher in those with chronic pyelonephritis and nephrotic syndrome not treated with steroids. Except in uraemic cases, these alterations were not accompanied by plasma sodium and potassium changes. The results might be explained by pathological Na+ and K+ transport processes in the red cell membrane. The possible role of extracellular fluid volume changes, sodium loss and water retention are discussed.
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PMID:Sodium and potassium concentrations of red blood cells and plasma in children with nephrotic syndrome, uraemia and pyelonephritis. 359 78

A case of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis of the kidney with an associated renocolic fistula is reported. Computed tomography demonstrated typical findings with an enlarged poorly functioning kidney with multiple near-water-density masses replacing the renal parenchyma surrounding a central staghorn calculus. A mottled gas collection within the renal parenchyma was secondary to a renocolic fistula rather than a pyogenic abscess.
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PMID:CT findings in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with coexistent renocolic fistula. 368 Jun 99

The carcinogenic potential of triethanolamine was examined in F344 rats. Triethanolamine was dissolved in distilled water at levels of 0 (control), 1, and 2%, and groups of 50 males and 50 females were given these doses ad libitum as drinking water for 2 yr. The dose levels in females were reduced by half from wk 69, because of associated nephrotoxicity. A variety of tumors developed in all groups, including the control group, and all tumors observed were histologically similar to spontaneous tumors in this strain of rats. No statistically significant increase of the incidence of any tumor was observed in the treated groups of both sexes by the chi-square test. In this study, however, there was an increase in nephrotoxicity, which appeared to have an adverse effect on the life expectancy of the treated animals, especially of females. Therefore, an age-adjusted statistical analysis on incidences of main tumors or tumor groups of both sexes was also done by methods recommended by Peto et al. (1980). The result showed that a positive trend (p less than 0.05) was noted in the occurrence of hepatic tumors (neoplastic nodule/hepatocellular carcinoma) in males and of uterine endometrial sarcomas and renal-cell adenomas in females. These tumors, however, have been observed spontaneously in this strain of rats, and their incidences in the control group of the present study were lower than those of our historical controls. These results may indicate that a positive trend in the occurrence of these tumors is not attributable to triethanolamine administration. Increased incidence of renal tumors in the female high-dose group may have been connected with renal damage. Histological examination of renal damage observed in the treated groups, especially in the female high-dose group, revealed acceleration of so-called chronic nephropathy. In addition, mineralization of the renal papilla, nodular hyperplasia of the pelvic mucosa, and pyelonephritis with or without papillary necrosis were also observed. Thus, it is concluded that under these experimental conditions triethanolamine is not carcinogenic in F344 rats but is toxic to the kidneys.
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PMID:Lack of carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in F344 rats. 377 84

40 uninephrectomized male Wistar rats with an experimental E.-coli-022-pyelonephritis (PN) were treated twice daily for 9 days with 30 mg trimethoprim and 150 mg sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMO) i.p. Bacteriologically most of the kidneys became sterile. Histologically a significant reduction of the frequency of severe PN was found in the treated group. The biologic half-life of 131I-hippuran indicated a decrease of excretory function which was reversible. Urine osmolality and osmotic clearance were increased after oral water loading in 10 untreated control animals with PN but not in the treated group. The 9 day treatment had a favourable effect bacteriologically, histologically and also on renal function.
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PMID:[Kidney function and bacteriological and histological research in the therapy of experimental E. coli pyelonephritis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMO)]. 391 23

In order to assess the relation between urinary schistosomiasis and urinary tract infections (U.T.T.), a study of two villages in the surroundings of Niamey (Rep. of Niger) was undertaken. In the first village located near a rice plantation irrigation scheme, the global prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 77%. Boys between 5 to 14 years of age were all infected and their mean egg output was 500 eggs/10 ml of urine. In the second village, where water is supplied from wells, schistosomiasis was almost absent. Urinary tract infections were diagnosed upon the cytologic count of the urinary sediment and the urine culture. Comparison between S. haematobium infected and non-infected villages showed that the prevalence of U.T.I. was 3.8 times higher among the females of the infected village. This was also noticed for old men and especially for boys aged 5 to 14 (5.2% U.T.I.) for whom urinary infection is usually uncommon. However the mean blood pressure and the creatininemia showed no difference between the two populations. If schistosomiasis increases the risk of chronic pyelonephritis, that increase could not be accounted for with the measures of these two variables.
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PMID:[Schistosoma haematobium bilharziosis and urinary infections. Study of their relationship in 2 villages of Niger]. 398 54

The effect of water restriction and ammonium chloride acidosis on the course of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis was determined in the nonobstructed kidney of the rat. To alter the chemical composition of the renal medulla, water intake was reduced in rats to one-half the normal daily intake. Water restriction increased the incidence of coliform pyelonephritis. Systemic acidosis, produced by giving a 300 mM solution of ammonium chloride, increased urinary osmolality to values comparable to water restriction and also predisposed to pyelonephritis. However, when rats were fed the same solution of ammonium chloride but were allowed access to tap water ad lib., urinary osmolality values were comparable to those observed in normal animals, and susceptibility to pyelonephritis was reduced or eliminated despite a degree of systemic acidosis similar to that observed in rats fed ammonium chloride solution without access to tap water. These results suggest that water diuresis may overcome the inactivation of complement produced by ammonium chloride acidosis and that renal medullary hypertonicity, produced by either water restriction or ammonium chloride acidosis, is a major determinant of this tissue's unique susceptibility to infection.
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PMID:Water, acidosis, and experimental pyelonephritis. 490 27


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