Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 60-year-old-man without a history of diabetes mellitus, or invasive manipulation or obstruction of the urinary tract was admitted for septic shock. Type I emphysematous pyelonephritis was clear in this case: gas within the renal parenchyma extending into the subcapsular region and the perirenal space was present on spiral computerised tomography (CT). Surgical nephrectomy was performed because biochemistry, urography and CT identified a damaged non-functioning left kidney. The outcome was favourable. All urine, blood and nephrectomy specimen cultures were positive for a specific Escherichia coli which produced a high level of gas compared to a reference E. coli strain in the same standard medium, despite the absence of diabetes mellitus. Certain strains of bacteria are able to produce high levels of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen and such fermentation in the absence of a high glucose serum level might explain the acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection.
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PMID:Emphysematous pyelonephritis related to specific gas-forming Escherichia coli without diabetes mellitus. 1041 18

Relationship between atmospheric pollution with harmful substances and incidence of pyelonephritis was studied for the populations living in ecologically unfavorable and clean regions of an industrial city. Disease intensity and incidence were significantly higher in polluted regions, the probability of error being no more than p < 0.05-p < 0.001. The correlation between atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentration and pyelonephritis incidence was the strongest for all years analyzed. Correlation coefficients tend to increase: during the analyzed period they increased from Rxy = 0.42 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.01) to Rxy = 0.64 +/- 0.15 (p < 0.01).
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PMID:[Incidence of pyelonephritis on territories with different levels of anthropogenic loading]. 1189 63

The paper presents the results of operative treatment of complicated coral nephrolithiasis in 22 patients. Organ-saving operations were made in exacerbation of pyelonephritis with pyoseptic intoxication, severe renal failure with hyperazotemia. Partial nephrolithotomy (semisectional), sectional nephrolithotomy, resection of the kidney and coral calculus and calicolithotomy were made in 10, 1, 5 and 1 patients, respectively. As a rule, nephrolithotomy was completed with renal drainage by nephrostomy. After resection of a renal segment nephrostomy was not necessary. Postoperative complications did not occur. These occur only in 2 patients with bilateral coral calculi after nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy (urinary fistulas). To correct them, nephrostomy was made. One lethal outcome was caused by cardiovascular failure. The above surgery led to normalization of nitrogen-eliminating function of the operated kidney, elimination of intoxication and improvement of the patient's condition. Efficiency of the above operations recommends allows to recommend them for treatment of severe coral nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of complicated forms of coral-like nephrolithiasis]. 1235 95

This study was designed to determine the effect of ornithine alpha-ketoisocaproate (O-KIC), a compound reducing muscle protein breakdown in physiological conditions, on liver factors involved in drug metabolism in rats with acute retrograde pyelonephritis. 91 rats were assigned to 7 groups differing in the level of food intake, induced infection, and the treatment by O-KIC (168 mg/kg bw/day). Rats were killed on the third day. O-KIC increased nitrogen balance and weight gain in controls, but not in malnourished infected or non-infected rats. Liver glutathione was significantly reduced by O-KIC in malnourished infected and non-infected rats. Though O-KIC induced a rise in liver microsomal proteins in control and infected animals, it decreased cytochrome P-450 in controls, and aminopyrine demethylase in both control and infected groups.
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PMID:Liver factors involved in drug metabolism in experimentally infected rats: deleterious effect of ornithine alpha-ketoisocaproate. 1683 40

Urinary tract infections may induce severe inflammation, transient impairment in renal function and scar formation, ranging in severity from acute symptomatic pyelonephritis to chronic pyelonephritis, which have a potential to lead to renal failure and death. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of montelukast, a selective antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (leukotriene CysLT1), against Escherichia coli-induced oxidative injury and scarring in renal tissue. Wistar rats were injected 0.1 ml of E. coli (ATCC 25922 10(10) cfu/ml) or saline into left renal medullae. Six rats were assigned as the sham group and were given 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl. Pyelonephritic rats were treated with either saline or montelukast immediately after surgery and at daily intervals. Twenty-four hours or one week after E. coli injection, rats were decapitated and the kidney samples were taken for histological examination or determination of renal malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and collagen contents. Formation of reactive oxygen species in renal tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in the serum samples. E. coli inoculation caused significant increases in malondialdehyde level, MPO activity, chemiluminescence levels and collagen content, while GSH level was decreased in the renal tissues (p<0.05-0.001). On the other hand, serum TNF-alpha, LDH, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were elevated in the pyelonephritic rats as compared to control group. Leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist montelukast reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations, that were induced by acute pyelonephritis. It seems likely that montelukast protects kidney tissue by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, balancing oxidant-antioxidant status, and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediators suggesting a future role for leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Oxidative renal damage in pyelonephritic rats is ameliorated by montelukast, a selective leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist. 1717 92

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a serious and often life-threatening condition due to a gas-producing and necrotizing infection involving the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissue. The infection is almost exclusively seen in diabetic patients, and the main feature of its presence is finding gas within the kidney. Patients usually present with fever, chills, flank pain, and dysuria. Laboratory testing usually reveals hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, pyuria, an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, and high serum creatinine level. Other, nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can accompany acute pyelonephritis, as found in the reported case. The appropriate management of such serious infection requires combined medical and surgical treatment. In severe infection, nephrectomy should not be delayed. We report a case of EPN in a diabetic patient who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. A high index of suspicion, coupled with a good imaging study [preferably computed tomography (CT) scanning] of the abdomen can lead to early diagnosis. Appropriate medical and surgical management have resulted in a successful outcome.
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PMID:Emphysematous pyelonephritis presenting as gastroenteritis. 1809 Aug 85

For 20-year period surgery on the kidneys in purulent pyelonephritis was conducted in more than 130 pregnant women. Pyelonephritis was represented by apostematous nephritis and carbuncules with purulent parenchymal fusion. Long-term results (2 to 13 years) were studied in 75 women. Depending on the disease severity, nephrostomy or nephrectomy was performed (61 and 14 cases, respectively). Treatment results were assessed by excretory urography, ultrasound and radionuclide investigations of the kidneys, results of urine bacterial test. The treatment efficacy criterion was the absence of bacteriuria, recurrence of cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in the operated or contralateral kidney. Pathology was not detected in 30 of 55 females after nephrostomy. The rest 25 females had bacteriuria (n = 10), cystitis exacerbations (n = 4), repeated attacks of pyelonephritis (n = 11). Patients with urinary infection activity as shown on urograms and echoscopy had caliceal deformation, atonic dilation of the pelvis and ureter of the operated kidneys. These findings in combination with clinical manifestations of the disease indicate torpid course of pyelonephritis which developed after purulent renal inflammation in pregnant women. Women with a single kidney after nephrectomy had no symptoms of urinary infections, disturbed nitrogen excreting and concentration function. Recurrent pyelonephritis causing disability was observed in cases when by severity of pyoinflammatory process nephrectomy should have been made.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of purulent gestational pyelonephritis long-term results]. 1864 71

Pyelonephritis induces an inflammatory process in the renal parenchyma, which may occur as a result of excessive reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or impaired antioxidant capacity. In the present investigation, contribution of free radicals to the development of acute pyelonephritis induced by planktonic and biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. Increase in production of RNI and ROS in urine, bladder and renal tissue following infection with P. aeruginosa was observed which correlated with bacterial load, neutrophil recruitment and malondialdehyde (MDA). Evaluation of the data revealed that excessive production of free radicals causes tissue damage leading to bacterial persistence in host's tissues. Treatment of mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, lead to significant amelioration of oxidative stress and subsequent decrease in bacterial titer, neutrophil influx, MDA as well as tissue pathology highlighting important role of free radicals in P. aeruginosa induced pyelonephritis. Results of the present study bring out that production of RNI and ROS contributes to the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis. These findings may be relevant for the better understanding of host-parasite interactions and may be of clinical importance in the development of preventive intervention against P. aeruginosa induced pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Contribution of free radicals to Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced acute pyelonephritis. 1877 20

A 10-day-old female alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cria with a history of urinary straining and dribbling was presented for evaluation. The animal had markedly elevated blood fibrinogen (800 mg/dl), mildly elevated phosphorus (9.3 mg/dl), and minimally elevated blood urea nitrogen (38 mg/dl) concentrations. The total protein (5.0 g/dl) concentration was mildly decreased. These findings were suggestive of mild renal disease. An abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter, and no urinary bladder was identified. Gross postmortem examination revealed urinary bladder agenesis and bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter, with both ureters opening into a sinus in the caudal vagina. Histologic examination of the kidneys showed necrosuppurative pyelonephritis with pelvic dilation, and both ureters had mild lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic inflammation.
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PMID:Urinary bladder agenesis in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cria. 2045 32

INTRODUCTION. Urinary tract infection is the most common serious bacterial infection in children. The aim of this study was to compare the value of different laboratory and imaging techniques in detecting renal involvement in acute pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a cross-sectional study of patients 1 month to 14 years of age diagnosed with urinary tract infection were examined with systemic inflammatory markers, renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), and technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy. A total of 1467 pediatric patients were eligible for treatment of pyelonephritis. Evaluations included a complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), urinalysis, urine culture, and measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. RESULTS. The results of (99m)Tc-DMSA scans were normal in 20.2%, mild decreased cortical uptake in 45.0%, moderate decreased cortical uptake in 12.3%, severe decreased cortical uptake in 12.0%, and decreased cortical function plus irregularity or scar formation in 10.5%. Voiding cystourethrography showed vesicoureteral reflux in 25.9%. The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-DMSA for prediction of vesicoureteral reflux was 84.1% with a negative predictive value of 80.6%. Significant differences were found in the level of blood leukocyte count (P = .03), urine leukocyte count (P = .003), ESR (P = .008), and age (P = .04) between patients with normal and abnormal (99m)Tc-DMSA scan results. CONCLUSIONS. We found that in patient with clinical signs of pyelonephritis, (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy can detect pyelonephritis more accurately than the other inflammatory and imaging tests.
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PMID:Technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy in children with acute pyelonephritis: correlation with other imaging tests. 2085 70


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