Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some neurophysiological techniques have been employed in clinical nephrology to record abnormalities of nervous conduction in central and peripheral pathways. The electrical monitoring on the peripheral and central nervous systems has allowed the detection of uremic neural injury, the diagnosis of specific electrophysiological abnormalities, the evaluation of various treatments employed and the identification of those abnormalities that uremia can induce. A group of 156 subjects subdivided into four groups were examined: 100 healthy subjects (64 M, 36 F); 56 patients (21 glomerulonephritis, 14 pyelonephritis, 5 nephrolithiasis, 5 polycystic kidney, 4 nephroangiosclerosis, 7 undetermined) with chronic renal failure treated with a conventional low nitrogen diet (CLND, 0.6 g/kg b.w./d. of proteins), 8 of whom passed from CLND to a very low nitrogen diet supplemented with alpha-keto-analogues; a group of 22 of these 56 underwent a regular dialysis treatment for 12 to 15 hours/weekly for 40.5 +/- 10.2 months. Three patients of the CLND group and 13 patients underwent renal transplantation after a variable period of RDT. In the uremic patients we found different populations of motor unit potentials; a decreased MNCV was found in 35% of the CLND patients, RDT patients had slowed MNCV in 42%. The SNCV was compromised more frequently than the MNCV. An increased duration of evoked potentials was sometimes observed in CLND and RDT patients inducing us to consider this a hallmark of uremic syndrome. The alpha-keto-analogues and HD/HP treated patients showed an improvement in several features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Electrophysiological aspects of nervous conduction in uremia. 339 25

Ureterocolonic anastomosis was evaluated in 13 clinically normal dogs. Urinary continence was maintained after surgery, and the procedure was completed without technique errors in all but 2 dogs. Three dogs died within 5 weeks (2 of undetermined causes and 1 of aspiration pneumonia and neurologic disease), and 1 dog was euthanatized 4 months after surgery because of neurologic signs. Two healthy dogs were euthanatized 3 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Five dogs were euthanatized 6 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Gastrointestinal and neurologic disturbances developed in 4 dogs at various postoperative intervals. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 2 dogs with neurologic signs was increased. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 5 dogs without neurologic signs was within normal limits. All 5 dogs, in which metabolic acidosis was diagnosed, had high normal or above normal serum chloride concentration. Serum urea nitrogen values were increased after surgery because of colonic absorption of urea. Serum creatinine concentration was increased in 1 dog 6 months after surgery. Individual kidney glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 38% (3/8) of the kidneys from 4 other dogs at 6 months after surgery. Of 5 dogs euthanatized at 3 to 4 months after surgery, 4 had bilateral pyelitis, and 1 had unilateral pyelonephritis. Six months after surgery, pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 40% (4/10) of the kidneys from 5 dogs. The ureterocolonic anastomosis procedure is a salvage procedure that should allow complete cystectomy. However, variable degrees of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and neurologic disease may result.
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PMID:Ureterocolonic anastomosis in clinically normal dogs. 342 37

Although various complications such as electrolyte imbalance and urinary infection are known to be induced by ureterosigmoidostomy, it is still a surgical technique difficult to ignore since it allows patients to lead an almost normal life without the encumbrance of external urinary devices. At our hospital, we performed eighteen ureterosigmoidostomy operations between 1976 and 1985. Herein, we review the postoperative conditions of electrolyte, renal function and other complications. The patients (16 male, 2 female) were between 53 and 72 years old, the mean age being 61.5 years. The primary diseases were bladder tumor (14 patients), prostatic cancer (2), carcinoma of the female urethral diverticulum (1) and urethral stricture (1). As to the electrolytes, both serum Na and serum K values fluctuated within the normal range. Hyperchloremia was detected in 4 cases (22.2%), but it was only slightly above the normal range and the conditions were more or less stabilized a year after the operation. Although blood urea nitrogen had a tendency to elevate one or two years after the operation, serum creatinine fluctuated within the normal range. During the observation period, only 7 of the 18 cases (38.9%) showed complications, the major complication being pyelonephritis (3 cases). Postoperative excretory urogram revealed slight to medium hydronephrosis two months after the operation in 9 of the 18 cases (50%), but most of these conditions were normalized within a year. Four patients died after leaving hospital; 3 due to the recurrence of cancer and one due to pneumonia. The 14 other outpatients are enjoying a normal life without the use of any external urinary device.
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PMID:[Ureterosigmoidostomy--clinical review of 18 cases]. 344 31

The effect of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was studied in rats subjected to Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Eight weeks after pyelonephritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, the rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups based on urinary protein excretion. In experiment 1, rats were given captopril, 50 mg/kg of body weight, or saline solution via daily intraperitoneal injection. To eliminate complications with captopril-induced peritonitis, experiment 2 was performed in which rats were given the same treatment by daily gavage. In both experiments, 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the saline-treated rats was significantly greater than that of the captopril-treated rats after 12 weeks of treatment (P less than 0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and endogenous creatinine clearance did not differ between treatment groups during the course of therapy in experiment 1. There were no differences in these values in experiment 2, except at week 8 of treatment when the captopril-treated rats had significantly lower plasma creatinine and higher endogenous creatinine clearance than did the saline-treated rats (P less than 0.05). There was also no difference between treatment groups in the degree of morphologic renal damage based on light microscopic evaluation of kidneys at the end of treatment.
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PMID:Effect of captopril on the progression of induced pyelonephritis in the rat. 352 5

Data from 500 male and 500 female Sprague-Dawley rats used as controls in studies performed at Huntingdon Research Centre to assess the safety of drugs were sampled at 17, 30, 56, 82, or 108 weeks of age. Plasma urea nitrogen levels remained constant, except in aged males. Aging caused increased proteinuria and decreased urinary concentrating ability, in addition to increased size, weight, and degree of cortical scarring of kidneys. Chronic progressive nephropathy, first seen histopathologically at 30 weeks of age, accounted for these changes and ultimately affected 81% of male and 44% of female rats. One-fifth of two-year-old male rats had diffuse parenchymal damage and a small number also had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Other notable changes included basophilic (often colloid-filled) cortical tubules, mononuclear cell infiltrations, parenchymal and pelvic mineralization, urothelial hyperplasia, and pyelonephritis. Miscellaneous low incidence findings included one lipomatous tumour and generalized lymphosarcoma.
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PMID:Age-related variations in renal structure and function in Sprague-Dawley rats. 376 13

Ten patients with pyelonephritis and impaired renal function were treated with 2.0 g mezlocillin (Baypen) 8-hourly. They all recovered from urinary tract infection and showed a distinct improvement of their kidney function measured by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. No side effects were seen and the blood coagulation remained within normal limits. An overview of the literature on urinary tract infections treated in patients with impaired kidney function is given.
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PMID:Kidney function of pyelonephritis patients with impaired renal function treated with mezlocillin. 376 87

It has been shown that latent renal diseases are detected by sectoral scintigraphy earlier than by other methods, and the former acquires particular importance when the only sign of disease is arterial hypertension. Early diagnosis of latent pyelonephritis makes this method especially valuable both for the selection of patients for further thorough examination and for the start of adequate therapy. Scintigraphy serves as a reliable criterion for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP). Changes of scintigraphy parameters coincide quite exactly with the changed level of arterial pressure, concentration and nitrogen clearing function of the kidneys during treatment. This method (sectoral scintigraphy) is very important when used over time in CP patients with chronic renal insufficiency making it possible to detect with a sufficient degree of significance the improvement as well as impairment of renal function which is a crucial point for the choice of further therapeutic tactics.
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PMID:[Dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys during chronic pyelonephritis in patients with arterial hypertension]. 398 54

The validity of preclinical testing of antibiotics in animal experiments is highly dependent on the quality and, especially, the standardizability of the infection model. Some of the factors associated with standardization of the acute phases of infection are demonstrated for experimental pyelonephritis in female albino Wistar rats after transuretheral infection. The renal bacterial count and infection rate are correlated to the volume and bacterial concentration of the instilled E. coli suspension. Strains of albino Wistar rats from different breeding institutions show differing resistance to the infection. E. coli pyelonephritis establishes more easily in female Wistar rats of strain Han: WIST than in strain Bor: WIST. Following dissection of the animals, the infected kidneys can be stored for at least 4 weeks at -30 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen, because the bacterial counts remain constant. However, in frozen renal homogenates the bacterial counts fall rapidly. During the first 4 post-infection days the bacterial content of the kidneys is relatively constant. The period 30-72 h post infection is especially suitable for therapeutic studies.
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PMID:Standardization of a model of E. coli-pyelonephritis in rats. 637 61

A newly designed urolithiasis model for rats, inducing a mild urinary tract infection, exhibiting reduced renal damage without pyelonephritis and causing reliable stone formation, was established. This was accomplished by implanting a zinc disc in the bladder and then performing transvesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis into the bladder. Five days after challenge with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis in each rat, the number of organisms in the bladder urine reached a level of over 10(5) colony forming units per ml. The infection was mostly restricted to the urinary tract organs. Infectious bladder stones were formed 5 days after infection and developed day by day, weighing 88.3 +/- 18.8 mg. on the 21st day. Blood urea nitrogen values stayed in the normal range in all test animals during this experiment. The main composition of the stones formed was shown to be struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6H2O).
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PMID:A newly designed model for infection-induced bladder stone formation in the rat. 638 7

The experiments with rats treated with gentamicin showed that nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys did not significantly change in the animals 3 months after induction of pyelonephritis, while in the animals not treated with the antibiotic there was a significant increase in excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine. The nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys was not affected by gentamicin, except an increase in the urea blood level. Gentamicin promoted a significant rise in excretion of enzymes with urine, especially that of alkaline phosphatase. Treatment of healthy animals with gentamicin resulted in the increased excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine and increased urea blood levels which was evident of the nephrotoxic effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic. When such animals were treated with furosemide, the renal excretion of the enzyme and the blood creatinine urea levels decreased. Therefore, furosemide lowered nephropathy induced by gentamicin. The increase in the activity of the urine enzymes may be due to inflammatory changes in the kidney parenchymal on the one hand and the pephrotoxic effect of the drugs on the other hand. The urine enzymes may be used as important diagnostic tests in cases with kidney affections and indicators of safe treatment with nephrotoxic antibiotics.
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PMID:[Effect of gentamycin on the kidney functional state in experimental pyelonephritis]. 723 57


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