Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis for diversion of urine into the colon was performed in 12 clinically normal dogs and in 10 incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra. Dogs were studied from 1 to 30 months after surgery. The surgical procedure was technically satisfactory. Fifteen of 22 dogs were studied with intravenous urography, and only 1 case of hydronephrosis was found. Pyelitis was a common histopathologic finding in both groups of dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in 30% of dogs, regardless of duration of anastomosis. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in all dogs studied, but renal failure was infrequent. Values for blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus were elevated due to intestinal recycling of nitrogenous products and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances were not a problem, but gastrointestinal disturbances developed in 3 of the 10 diseased dogs. Six of 10 diseased dogs survived from 9 months to more than 3 years. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis appears to be a satisfactory salvage procedure for incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra that do not respond to other forms of therapy.
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PMID:Trigonal-colonic anastomosis: a urinary diversion procedure in dogs. 44 50

Studies were made on the maximal non-carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Groups of Wistar strain rats of both sexes, 6 weeks old, were given standard diet without DMN (group 1), or containing 0.1 ppm DMN (group 2), 1.0 ppm DMN (group 3), or 10 ppm DMN (group 4) for 96 weeks and then sacrificed for hematological, serum-biochemical, and histopathological examinations. After 96 weeks, the weights of the body and main organs in the different groups were not significantly different. The leucocyte count and blood urea-nitrogen (BUN) in group 4 were slightly increased, but other serum findings were not significantly different in different groups. Hepatocellular carcinomas were found in group 3 (1 male and 3 females), but not in group 2. Hemangioendotheliomas of the liver, adrenal adenomas, pituitary adenomas, interstitial cell tumors of the testis, ovarian tumors, and leukemia were also found. Pyelonephritis was found in both experimental and control animals, but no kidney tumors developed with these dose levels of DMN. These results show that on long-term oral administration to rats, 1.0 ppm DMN is the minimum carcinogenic dose, while a level of about 0.1 ppm DMN is non-carcinogenic.
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PMID:Long-term experiment of maximal non-carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine for carcinogenesis in rats. 51 Aug 53

In a comparative period of 20 years is reported on the frequency of diabetes mellitus in urological diseases. It was found that 0.87% of the patients suffer from a concomitant diabetes. The peak of the disease is between the 60th and 70th year. As to the distribution of sex was established that the concomitant diabetes is to be found more frequently in males (ratio 2.4: 1). The lethality in diabetics with a urological disease is with 9.4% more than twice as high as in the other urological patients (4.3%). At the top of the immediate causes of death is the cardiovascular failure (30.7%), followed by the pulmonary blood clot embolism and the uraemic coma with 15.4% each. A diabetic coma never appeared. In the analysis of the urological diseases with concomitant diabetes the lithiasis (34.4%) is in the first place; then follow the adenoma of the vesical cervix (32.4%), the chronic relapsing pyelonephritis (12.9%), and the malignant tumours (7.1%). Many urological forms of diseases appeared combined. In the investigation of the complications without lethal exitus which appeared in 25.1% of all cases with concomitant diabetes the cardiovascular failure is again in the first place, then follow thrombotic diseases, urea-nitrogen disturbances. Peculiarities in conduction and treatment of the diabetes mellitus are shown and a close collaboration between several specialities is considered necessary.
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PMID:[Frequency of diabetes mellitus and nature of treatment in urologic diseases]. 73 75

The authors report on their 9-year experience concerning the results of the determination of the effective plasma flow by means of the 131J-hippuran clearance in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. On account of the disagreements in literature it was our first task to establish the lower normal limit. Issuing form the parallel investigations with the classical PAH-clearance in 50 patients and in a control group of 71 patients with hearlhy kidneys 487 ml/min were taken into consideration as lower normal limit. The authors examine in 867 patients with chronic pyelonephritis whether it is possible to diagnose relatively early disturbances of the renal function in values of the hippuran clearance lower than 487. It was established that in 28.9% of these patients the ING was normal, in 45% the concentration power maintained and in 70% the rest nitrogen in the serum was not increased. These results allow the recommendation of a broader application of the hippuran clearance in patients with pyelonephritis, since by means of this method relatively earlier restrictions of the renal function can be established than by means of other functional tests (ING and Volhard's test).
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of the 131 I-hippuran clearance in chronic pyelonephritis]. 84 43

The results from the study of the anemia syndrome in 1100 patients are reported (881 with chronic pyelonephritis, 147 with chronic glomerulonephritis and 72 with endemic nephropathy). Out of them 663 were with preserved renal function, 160 - with compensated and 274 - with decompensated nitrogen retention. Anemia was found in 98.7 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy, in 59.2 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in 56.8 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Anemia precedes the manifestations of renal insufficiency in endemic nephropathy. In 36 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy it is severe or very severe. Light anemia was found in 44,6 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis and in those with preserved renal function. Only in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis the values of serum iron are under the normal. The administration of iron preparations in those patients is with good results. In the stage of decompensated renal insufficeincy effect was obtained by often blood transfusions.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of the anemic syndrome in chronic renal diseases]. 100 39

Hemoperfusion through cryopreserved fragments of porcine xenospleen tissue was used in combined treatment of 42 patients with pyoseptic urologic diseases: urosepsis, purulent intoxication due to acute pyelonephritis, pyoinflammatory scrotal and prostatic lesions (in 15, 19, 8 patients, respectively). Indications and contraindications are specified. Altogether 57 sessions were performed. Seventeen patients underwent the perfusion pre- and postoperatively, twenty-five in combination with chemotherapy. After the removal porcine spleen was dissected, treated with cryoprotective mixture (-196 degrees C) and placed into liquid nitrogen. One-year viability of the tissue retained in 82-93% of the samples. Duration of the hemoperfusion was 40-80 min, the rate--30-40 ml/min. Two-four columns with cryopreserved tissue were utilized which were alternately connected with the circuit. Heparinization reached 12,000-15,000 units. All the patients survived. Positive clinical and laboratory findings were obtained for 38 patients (90%). Urine and blood samples appeared sterile on day 7-12. The improvement of the severe condition of the patients is attributed to detoxication, immunostimulation and immunocorrective effects.
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PMID:[Hemoperfusion via cryopreserved tissue fragments of xenogeneic spleen in suppurative-septic states in urology]. 194 12

Urinary diversion by implantation of the ureters into an isolated segment of jejunum was evaluated in eight clinically normal male dogs. Total cystectomy and subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy were performed, and the intestinal loop was sutured to the prostatic remnant. General health, renal function, acid-base balance, urinary tract infection, and urinary continence were monitored during observation periods of 4 to 30 weeks. All dogs survived the observation period and seven were in excellent general health at the time of euthanasia. Six of the 16 ureterointestinal anastomoses were complicated by complete ureteral obstruction. Absorption of urea from the intestinal loop was speculated as the reason for significant increases in serum urea nitrogen concentrations in all of the dogs. Serum creatinine concentrations generally remained within the normal range, but were significantly increased from preoperative baseline values by week 30. There was dilation of 12 renal pelves and ureters in seven dogs. Urine bacterial cultures were positive in six dogs, but histologic evidence of pyelonephritis was present in only five kidneys. Ejaculation was not affected by the procedure, but epididymitis was present in five dogs. The dogs could urinate consciously and did not dribble urine continuously; however, they urinated hourly. While the procedure was well tolerated by the dogs, the frequency of urination makes this technique unacceptable for most household pets.
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PMID:Enterocystoplasty with cystectomy and subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy in the male dog. 204 78

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe necrotizing infection that usually occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus or obstructive uropathy. Although glucose fermentation has been considered as the main cause of gas production the actual mechanism remains controversial. Compositions of gas samples from 2 patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis recently encountered were analyzed, and showed 15% hydrogen, 4.8% carbon dioxide, 60% nitrogen, 6.7% oxygen and some unknown gases in case 1, and 3.4% hydrogen, 22% carbon dioxide, 66% nitrogen and 9.8% oxygen in case 2. These results tend to implicate mixed acid fermentation of glucose as the pathway by which emphysematous urinary tract infections develop.
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PMID:Mixed acid fermentation of glucose as a mechanism of emphysematous urinary tract infection. 205 76

A stepwise development of the technique for the urine derivation into the artificial rectal urinary bladder was followed up. The cutting of the superior rectal artery and the vein which permitted one to form a rectal urinary bladder at the superampullar portion of the rectum turned to be the basic point of the technique development. A beneficial effect was achieved due to the extra-abdominal location of the rectal stump and the performance of ureterorectal anastomosis that minimized the hazards of urinary peritonitis development; the ligature of the superior rectal artery and vein decreased the resorption of the urine; lower mobilization and cutting of the rectum reduced surgery-related traumatism and enabled the surgeon to preserve the part of the sigmoid colon for its descending into the perineum. Based on the comparative evaluation of three modifications of the aforementioned technique, the authors made a conclusion that the derivation of the urine into an artificial rectal urinary bladder minimized the hazards of urinary peritonitis development and the occurrence of ascending pyelonephritis. X-ray and radionuclide investigations revealed recovery of the anatomical and functional status of the upper urinary tract in 75 per cent of the patients during 3-4 mos. The authors revealed insignificant changes in the values of nitrogen-excretory function of the kidney, glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption in the immediate postsurgery period. Later on, these values approached those documented before the operation.
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PMID:[Rectocystoplasty in supravesical urinary diversion]. 261 42

Microbial ureases hydrolyze urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Urease activity of an infectious microorganism can contribute to the development of urinary stones, pyelonephritis, gastric ulceration, and other diseases. In contrast to these harmful effects, urease activity of ruminal and gastrointestinal microorganisms can benefit both the microbe and host by recycling (thereby conserving) urea nitrogen. Microbial ureases also play an important role in utilization of environmental nitrogenous compounds and urea-based fertilizers. Urease is a high-molecular-weight, multimeric, nickel-containing enzyme. Its cytoplasmic location requires that urea enter the cell for utilization, and in some species energy-dependent urea uptake systems have been detected. Eucaryotic microorganisms possess a homopolymeric urease, analogous to the well-studied plant enzyme composed of six identical subunits. Gram-positive bacteria may also possess homopolymeric ureases, but the evidence for this is not conclusive. In contrast, ureases from gram-negative bacteria studied thus far clearly possess three distinct subunits with Mrs of 65,000 to 73,000 (alpha), 10,000 to 12,000 (beta), and 8,000 to 10,000 (gamma). Tightly bound nickel is present in all ureases and appears to participate in catalysis. Urease genes have been cloned from several species, and nickel-containing recombinant ureases have been characterized. Three structural genes are transcribed on a single messenger ribonucleic acid and translated in the order gamma, beta, and then alpha. In addition to these genes, several other peptides are encoded in the urease operon of some species. The roles for these other genes are not firmly established, but may involve regulation, urea transport, nickel transport, or nickel processing.
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PMID:Microbial ureases: significance, regulation, and molecular characterization. 265 66


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