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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two patients with hypertension were given a pressor dose of angiotensin in the course of individual kidney function tests. In eight patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis the differences in urine sodium and creatinine concentration between the affected and the nonaffected kidney did not become greater with angiotensin infusion. In four patients with unilateral pyelonephritis and falsely positive individual kidney function tests, these tests became normal following angiotensin infusion. It is concluded that angiotensin infusion is not a useful means of improving the results of individual kidney function tests.
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PMID:The influence of angiotensin infusion on the urine composition in individual kidney function tests. 432 41

The effect of early bilateral pyelonephritis on urinary concentrating ability was studied in rats injected intravenously with enterococci or Staphylococcus aureus and in rats inoculated with Escherichia coli into the medullae of both kidneys. The mean maximum urinary osmolality of normal rats was 2352 mOsm/kg of water. Inoculation of E. coli caused reversible pyelonephritis with sterilization of the kidneys within 12 wk. By 1 day after injection the mean maximum urinary osmolality had decreased to about 1100 mOsm. remained at this level for 3 wk, and then rose to normal by 12 wk. After injection of enterococci and staphylococci, the mean maximum urine osmolality decreased over 3-4 days to about 1000 and 800 mOsm respectively. In the enterococcal infection (which is chronic) the maximum urine osmolality remained about 1200 mOsm for at least 12 wk whereas in the staphylococcal infection (which is reversible) the osmolality gradually rose. Antimicrobial therapy of E. coli renal infection with colistimethate sodium and S. aureus infection with ampicillin rapidly reduced bacterial titers in the kidneys with an associated rise in maximum urinary osmolality. Therapy of enterococcal renal infection with ampicillin produced less impressive decreases in bacterial titers in the kidneys and little or no improvement in urinary concentrating ability. With antimicrobial therapy or with the self-limited infections, the rate of increase in concentrating ability was directly correlated with the rate of decrease of bacterial titers. However, there was poor correlation between histological findings in the kidneys and urinary concentrating ability. These studies demonstrate that early experimental pyelonephritis is associated with a concentrating defect that can be rapidly reversed and therefore is not related to permanent renal damage.
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PMID:Urinary concentrating ability in early experimental pyelonephritis. 491 80

In 116 patients with coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, the authors observed differences in the excretion of the ions of 42K, stable potassium, 24Na, stable sodium, chlorine as well as in the value of diuresis during the administration of equimolar solutions of potassium hydrocarbonate and potassium chloride, sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride labeled with 42K and 24Na respectively. These differences depended on the expression of the basic (alkaline) characteristics of the anions of the administered solutions of potassium and sodium and the osmolarity of the administered amount of liquid. Pronounced ion exchange reactions were observed during the administration of KHCO3 solution only, the multiplicity factor of the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions with urine significantly exceeding that of diuresis. During the administration of KCl solutions in the isotonic NaCl solution and 5% glucose, the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions changed strictly in accordance with the changes of diuresis. Similar changes were noted in the administration of the solutions of sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride.
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PMID:[Metabolism of potassium and sodium when administered with different anions to patients with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension]. 632 82

Clinical studies were made of 60 patients who had undergone ureterosigmoidostomy at our department. The 45 men and 15 women ranged from 35 to 73 years old, with a mean of 59.2 years. Ureterosigmoidanastomosis was performed using the modified Coffey II technique in this series. Bladder tumor was the reason for the operation in 55 cases, uterine cancer in 2, contracted bladder in 1, vesicovaginal fistula in 1 and urethral stricture in 1. In the excretory pyelogram one month after the operation, normal findings and slight hydronephrosis were observed in 37% and 63% of the patients, respectively. However, the pyelogram 6 months after the operation demonstrated normal findings in 61% of the patients, slight hydronephrosis in 34% and moderate hydronephrosis in 5%. None of them showed severe hydronephrosis. Slightly increased BUN level (less than 30 mg/dl) was seen in 15 out of 45 patients (32%) at one year after ureterosigmoidostomy. However, serum creatinine level was not above normal throughout the postoperative course. Although postoperative hyperchloremia was appreciably detected, it was easily managed by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. Serum sodium and potassium levels remained stationary. Of 35 patients observed for more than one year after operation, 11 patients (31%) had developed fever due probably to pyelonephritis, but sigmoidography failed to demonstrate any ureteral reflux. Either urinary or fecal fistula, a complication in the early postoperative period, occurred in 10 patients (17%). One of these patients died. Five patients were cured by conservative treatment. The remaining 4 patients underwent surgical treatment that was ureterocutaneostomy , nephrectomy, or colostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study on ureterosigmoidostomy]. 667 94

We studied the nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis, an anaerobic animal pathogen that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in pigs. Peptone-yeast extract-starch (PYS) medium, which contained Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems), yeast extract, starch, minerals, cysteine, and sodium carbonate, was shown to support excellent growth of this organism (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.8). Growth was considerably less (absorbance at 600 nm = 0.6) when the starch in the medium was replaced by maltose. Formate, acetate, and ethanol were the major products of fermentation of starch or maltose. The organism appears to require a fermentable carbohydrate for growth since the deletion of starch from PYS resulted in a negligible amount of growth. Growth decreased by approximately 20% when CO2 was rigorously excluded from PYS minus Na2CO3. The deletion of only yeast extract from PYS resulted in a decrease in growth of about 75%, and the simultaneous deletion of both yeast extract and Trypticase resulted in negligible growth. When the yeast extract in PYS was replaced by a defined mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases, vitamins, and amino acids, growth was greater than or equal to 80% that observed in PYS. The deletion of Trypticase from this medium resulted in no detectable growth, suggesting a possible peptide requirement for E. suis growth. Good growth (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.4) was obtained when adenine and uracil were substituted for the mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases in modified PYS; the substitution of pyridoxal, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid for the vitamin mixture gave comparable growth. The nutritional requirement of E. suis apparently reflect the fact that the organism adapts to its natural niche by doing away with certain biosynthetic capabilities which it does not seem to require.
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PMID:Nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis. 680 18

A partial obstruction of 1 ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed pelvis was found to be considerably enlarged. Nevertheless, the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was only slightly decreased (10 per cent), completely compensated by increase on the contralateral, non-obstructed side. The reduction in GFR was less than the reduction in number of glomeruli (19 per cent), indicating a raised filtration rate per glomerulus. Water excretion was slightly increased and potassium excretion moderately decreased; sodium and osmolar excretion were not significantly affected. There was no correlation between these changes and the degree of pelvic enlargement. Thus, in this model, in which there is no urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis, partial obstructive uropathy caused less damage to the kidney function than might have been expected.
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PMID:Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. III. Long-term effects on renal function. 683 22

This report describes a patient with group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia with pyelonephritis and septic arthritis whose condition failed to improve after two weeks of therapy with penicillin G sodium. The organism was found to be tolerant to penicillin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.06 IU/mL; minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], 10 IU/mL). Antimicrobial synergy with gentamicin sulfate was demonstrated (MBC of penicillin was 0.07 IU/mL in the presence of 2.5 micrograms/mL of gentamicin). Addition of gentamicin to penicillin therapy was associated with clinical improvement. It is suggested that bactericidal rather than inhibitory susceptibility tests be employed as a guide to therapy in serious GBS infections. Where penicillin tolerance is found in association with a poor clinical response to penicillin, addition of an aminoglycoside should be considered. Antimicrobial synergy studies should be performed to demonstrate that a beneficial effect is possible at clinically attainable antibiotic concentrations.
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PMID:Serious infection in an adult due to penicillin-tolerant group B streptococcus. 703 Feb 51

Inability to attain Umax after overnight dehydration is the earliest functional abnormality in human and experimental pyelonephritis caused by diverse microorganisms. In order to characterize the defect in Umax in experimental enterococcal pyelonephritis, another index of renal concentrating ability. TcH2O, was determined during saline loading. Normal TcH2O depends on adequate sodium chloride delivery and reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop and water reabsorption from the collecting duct. Rats with early pyelonephritis, 3 days after intravenous injection of enterococci, were compared with normal rats in studies of Umax during hydropenia and TcH2O during 1.2% saline infusion. Mean Umax in infected rats was significantly lower than in uninfected rats (1120 vs. 2767 mOsm/kg H2O) (p less than 0.01), but CIn in infected rats was not significantly different from that in uninfected rats (0.96 vs. 0.89 ml/min per 100 gm) (p less than 0.05). During saline diuresis, maximal Cosm/CIn was more than 35% in both the normal and infected rats. The relationship between TcH2O/CIn and Cosm/CIn was linear in both groups, and the r, slope, any y intercept of the regression equation of TcH2O/CIn vs. Cosm/CIn in infected rats were not significantly different from those in normal rats. During saline diuresis the regression of sodium excretion UNaV/CIn) vs. Cosm in infected rats was not significantly different from that in control rats. The finding of normal TcH2O during saline loading suggests that reabsorption of increasing amounts of sodium chloride from the ascending limb of Henle's loop and reabsorption of water in the collecting duct are normal in early pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Free water reabsorption during saline diuresis in experimental enterococcal pyelonephritis in rats. 706 23

The production of hypotonic urine was investigated in 20 subjects suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. The minimum urinary osmolality was significantly influenced by the NaCl content in the diet. Under conditions of low NaCl intake (15 mEq Na/day) the minimum urinary osmolality decreases significantly as compared with the values obtained under normal salt intake, and can reach normal values. The results indicate that the diluting function of the kidneys may be improved by the increase of fractional sodium reabsorption.
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PMID:Hypotonic urine production and sodium chloride intake in patients with chronic renal failure. 727 25

In an attempt to elucidate the reduced concentrating capacity in acute pyelonephritis, we studied the renal function in 14 children, 5 to 16 years of age. Clearance of inulin, PAH, and free water, urinary sodium excretion, and maximal urine osmolality after 18 hours of thirst have been determined at and within 10 months after infection. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were found to be increased during infection and normalized after infection. Urinary sodium excretion, distal sodium delivery, and maximal urine osmolality were decreased during infection and increased afterwards. Kidney size was also increased during infection. It is postulated that the reduced concentrating capacity is due to a washout effect mediated by an increased medullary blood flow and to a low distal tubular sodium delivery.
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PMID:Renal function in acute febrile urinary tract infection in children: pathophysiologic aspects on the reduced concentrating capacity. 733 47


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