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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system is encoded by pColV-K30 and other ColV plasmids. It has been known to contribute to the ability of Escherichia coli to cause pyelonephritis and cystitis. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the contribution of an incomplete set of genes for aerobactin synthesis to the virulence of Escherichia coli HB101. Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed with a recombinant plasmid pJHCV-12 (Tetr and Kanr) carrying aerobactin genes (complete first two genes, iucA and iucB and part of the third gene iucC) from pColV-K30. Both HB101 and a transformant H10 grew equally well when applied to a Vero cell line. These strains were tested for their ability to invade and kill Vero cells in monolayers. Light micrographs showed cell damage by the transformant carrying pJHCV-12 plasmid and this cytotoxic effect correlated with the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released. In contrast, strain HB101 and HB101 containing parent vector pVK102 did not produce any cytotoxic effects. When the ability of these strains to produce ascending pyelonephritis in a mouse model was compared, the transformant established itself better in renal tissue than the control strain HB101, when assessed 2h, 4 h and 5 days post-infection.
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PMID:Introduction of plasmid carrying an incomplete set of genes for aerobactin production alters virulence of Escherichia coli HB101. 771 24

Renal parenchymal malacoplakia is uncommon, and coexistence of extensive invasion into the liver and duodenum is extremely rare. Typically, there is an associated long-term urinary tract infection. We report on a 53-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and recurring pyelonephritis, who presented with a renal tumor and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Surgical intervention included radical nephrectomy, lymphadenectomy, segmental hepatectomy, cholecystostomy, duodenorrhaphy, jejunostomy and appendectomy. There was no surgical morbidity. A pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of malacoplakia. All of the diagnostic criteria, including hematoxylin and eosin stain, iron stain, calcium stain and electron microscopy of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, were classic. The literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Renal malacoplakia with secondary hepato-duodenal involvement. 812 44

Recent literature was reviewed to identify elements of antenatal care which are of proven benefit in preventing or ameliorating adverse outcomes in the mother such as bleeding, anemia, pre-eclampsia, sepsis and genitourinary infection, and obstructed labor. Recent trials indicate that while fewer routine visits for low-risk women do not jeopardize a positive pregnancy outcome, patients may be less satisfied. None of the many factors which can cause bleeding during pregnancy can be eliminated through antenatal care, although risk factors can be identified through history-taking. Counseling on what to do is the best option. Routine iron supplementation against anemia is not necessary in well-nourished populations, but circumstantial evidence suggests that iron and folate should be provided for every pregnant woman in areas of high anemia prevalence. Hemoglobin determination as a routine test is more important near week 30 of term rather than early in pregnancy. Recent trials do not support routine aspirin to prevent pre-eclampsia among low-risk women, nor is there evidence that anti-hypertensive treatment of mild pre-eclampsia will prevent more serious disease. Improved detection and care may, however, lead to better outcomes. Urine culture and dipstick for leucocyte esterase and nitrite with subsequent treatment of positive cases will reduce the risk of pyelonephritis and appear to be cost-effective. Serological screening and treatment of syphilis is inexpensive and cost-effective, while obstructed labor can be anticipated in multiparas based upon obstetrical history; hospital delivery should be secured.
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PMID:Scientific basis for the content of routine antenatal care. I. Philosophy, recent studies, and power to eliminate or alleviate adverse maternal outcomes. 903 38

The contribution of iron towards the free radical generation leading to renal tissue damage was assessed using a non-obstructive ascending mouse model for chronic pyelonephritis. The parameters studied include luminol dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL), histopathology and some biochemical investigations. We found that iron enhanced the renal tissue damage and led to renal scarring, and end point in chronic renal inflammation, irrespective of the bacterial strain studied. In addition a role of iron chelation therapy as a treatment for chronic renal inflammation is also suggested.
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PMID:Role of iron and iron chelation therapy in oxygen free radical mediated tissue injury in an ascending mouse model of chronic pyelonephritis. 948 14

Urinary tract infection is the most frequently diagnosed kidney and urologic disease and Escherichia coli is by far the most common etiologic agent. Uropathogenic strains have been shown to contain blocks of DNA termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs) which contribute to their virulence. We have defined one of these regions of DNA within the chromosome of a highly virulent E. coli strain, CFT073, isolated from the blood and urine of a woman with acute pyelonephritis. The 57,988-bp stretch of DNA has characteristics which define PAIs, including a size greater than 30 kb, the presence of insertion sequences, distinct segmentation of K-12 and J96 origin, GC content (42.9%) different from that of total genomic DNA (50.8%), and the presence of virulence genes (hly and pap). Within this region, we have identified 44 open reading frames; of these 44, 10 are homologous to entries in the complete K-12 genome sequence, 4 are nearly identical to the sequences of E. coli J96 encoding the HlyA hemolysin, 11 encode P fimbriae, and 19 show no homology to J96 or K-12 entries. To determine whether sequences found within the junctions of the PAI of CFT073 were common to other uropathogenic strains of E. coli, 11 probes were isolated along the length of the PAI and were hybridized to dot blots of genomic DNA isolated from clinical isolates (67 from patients with acute pyelonephritis, 38 from patients with cystitis, 49 from patients with catheter-associated bacteriuria, and 27 from fecal samples). These sequences were found significantly more often in strains associated with the clinical syndromes of acute pyelonephritis (79%) and cystitis (82%) than in those associated with catheter-associated bacteriuria (58%) and in fecal strains (22%) (P < 0.001). From these regions, we have identified a putative iron transport system and genes other than hly and pap that may contribute to the virulent phenotype of uropathogenic E. coli strains.
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PMID:Genomic analysis of a pathogenicity island in uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073: distribution of homologous sequences among isolates from patients with pyelonephritis, cystitis, and Catheter-associated bacteriuria and from fecal samples. 971 95

A comparative study was completed to determine the influence of various environmental stimuli on the transcription of three different fimbrial operons in Escherichia coli and to determine the role of the histone-like protein H-NS in this environmental regulation. The fimbrial operons studied included the pap operon, which encodes pyelonephritis-associated pili (P pili), the daa operon, which encodes F1845 fimbriae, and the fan operon, which encodes K99 fimbriae. Using lacZYA transcriptional fusions within each of the fimbrial operons, we tested temperature, osmolarity, carbon source, rich medium, oxygen levels, pH, amino acids, solid medium, and iron concentration for their effects on fimbrial gene expression. Low temperature, high osmolarity, glucose as a carbon source, and rich medium repressed transcription of all three operons. High iron did not alter transcription of any of the operons tested, whereas the remaining stimuli had effects on individual operons. For the pap and daa operons, introduction of the hns651 mutation relieved the repression, either fully or partially, due to low temperature, glucose as a carbon source, rich medium, and high osmolarity. Taken together, these data indicate that there are common environmental cues that regulate fimbrial transcription in E. coli and that H-NS is an important environmental regulator for fimbrial transcription in response to several stimuli.
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PMID:H-NS controls pap and daa fimbrial transcription in Escherichia coli in response to multiple environmental cues. 1105 83

Uropathogenc Escherichia coli (UPEC) CFT073 has a pathogenicity-associated island (PAI(CFT073)), which causes pyelonephritis and cystitis. Using PCR method, we found the prrA gene of PAI(CFT073) in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Further detailed PCR screening of 38 open reading frames, the right and left junction sequences of PAI(CFT073), revealed that it is the prrA-modD-yc73-fepC gene cluster but not the PAI(CFT073) present in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. A rapid preliminary analysis suggested that the prrA-modD-yc73-fepC gene cluster of the PAI(CFT073), is present in 43 strains of E. coli O157:H7 containing Shiga toxin (Stx) gene but absent in 19 strains of E. coli O157:H7 without Stx gene. A strict co-occurrence of the prrA-modD-yc73-fepC gene cluster and Stx genes was observed, regardless of their origin. The prrA-modD-yc73-fepC gene cluster encode proteins probably involved in iron uptake system, which strongly suggests the importance of iron metabolism in the Stx-mediated virulence. In addition, the prrA-modD-yc73-fepC gene cluster may be used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 strains containing Stx gene from that without Stx gene, and possibly to quickly detect other pathogenic gram-negative bacteria containing the Stx gene.
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PMID:Prevalence of iron transport gene on pathogenicity-associated island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in E. coli O157:H7 containing Shiga toxin gene. 1137 76

Eight Escherichia coli isolates from ostriches with respiratory disease were investigated for the presence of genes encoding the following adhesins: type 1 pili (fim), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S fimbriae (sfa), afimbrial adhesin (afaI), temperature regulated adhesin, curli (crl, csgA) and temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh). Genes for heat labile (LT) and heat stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf), alpha-haemolysin (hly) and aerobactin (aer) production were also investigated. Other characteristics investigated were the presence of hemagglutination activity, growth on an iron-deficient medium, aerobactin production, serum resistance, adherence to chicken tracheal cells, pathogenicity for day-old chicks, and serogroup. Serogrouping showed that four isolates belonged to serogroup O2, two to serogroup O78, one to serogroup O9, and one to serogroup O21. The virulence genes found were: fim in all eight isolates, csgA in seven, aer in six, and pap, crl and tsh in one isolate each. All isolates analyzed were positive for mannose-resistant hemagglutination, adhered in vitro to ciliated tracheal epithelium, grew on iron-deficient medium, and showed serum resistance. Pathogenicity tests on day-old chickens revealed one highly pathogenic isolate, three of low pathogenicity and four isolates with intermediate pathogenicity.
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PMID:Virulence properties of Escherichia coli isolated from ostriches with respiratory disease. 1152 67

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract infection and hospital visits in North America. Cystitis and acute pyelonephritis, infection of the bladder and kidney, respectively, are the two most common syndromes encountered in patients with urinary tract infection. We sequenced and annotated 71,684 bases of a previously unidentified pathogenicity-associated island (PAI) from E. coli strain CFT073. This PAI contained 89 open-reading frames encoding a pap operon, iron-regulated genes, mobile genetic elements, and a large proportion of unknown or unidentified open-reading frames. Dot blot analysis with 11 DNA sequences from this PAI demonstrated that 7 sequences were more prevalent among uropathogens: 2 probes were more prevalent among cystitis and pyelonephritis isolates, 2 among pyelonephritis isolates only, and 3 among cystitis isolates only than among fecal isolates. These data suggest that groups of uropathogens have genetic differences that may be responsible for the different clinical outcomes.
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PMID:Identification of DNA sequences from a second pathogenicity island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073: probes specific for uropathogenic populations. 1157 20

Escherichia coli infections are responsible for significant losses in the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The pathogenesis and the role of virulence factors are not yet totally elucidated. We, therefore, examined 150 E. coli strains isolated from visceral organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis for the presence of virulence-associated genes by PCR. The E. coli strains were investigated for the presence of a total of 17 virulence-associated genes described for diarrheagenic (stx1/2, eae, hlyEHEC, estl, eltI, astA, cdtb), septicemic (hlyA, papC, cnf1/2, fyuA, irp2) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC; iucD, tsh, fimC, and hlyE as well as stx2f). Seven genes were significantly distributed among APEC strains, while most of the other investigated genes could be demonstrated only sporadically or not at all. FimC (Type I fimbriae) was detected with the highest prevalence in 92.7% of the isolates. Most of the strains harboring iucD (88.7%) also gave positive results for tsh (85.3%). Genes fyuA (ferric yersiniabactin uptake) (66.0%) and irp2 (iron-repressible protein) (68.0%), necessary for Yersinia to acquire iron in the mouse infection model, were regularly detected in combination. Moreover, we found papC (pyelonephritis-associated pili) in 30.0% and astA (enteroaggregative heat stable toxin) in 17.3% of the field strains. A significant amount of strains (57.3%) harbored a combination of iucD, tsh, fimC, fyuA and irp2 virulence-associated genes, presumably rendering these strains particularly virulent. These findings provide novel insights into the presence and distribution of virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic E. coli field strains, which will help to more comprehensively characterize APEC in future epidemiological studies. It is assumed that the existence of two iron acquisition systems points towards their important role in virulence. Furthermore, we suggest that characterization of the respective phenotypes in infection models will provide substantial information to better understand the pathogenesis of colibacillosis in poultry.
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PMID:Virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from internal organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis. 1172 21


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