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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytotoxic activity of leukocytes from humans and rats with pyelonephritis were examined in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay (ADCC) with CrCl3-treated erythrocytes coated with Tamm-Horsfall (TH) as target cells. The specificity of the ADCC was confirmed by absorption with TH urinary glycoprotein and inhibition of the ADCC activity seen with polyclonal rabbit anti-TH antisera by monoclonal mouse antibodies. The ADCC activity detected in children with acute pyelonephritis was low in the initial phase of the disease, but increased significantly 9 days after the start of antibacterial treatment. In rats with experimental pyelonephritis, ADCC activity decreased significantly with increased duration of infection. Depletion of cells adhering to carbonyl iron led to higher ADCC activity. During the course of the infection the difference in ADCC activity between effector cell preparations depleted using carbonyl iron and those not depleted decreased. The decreased ADCC activity demonstrated during acute pyelonephritis may point to mechanisms operating to diminish the risk of tissue damage.
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PMID:Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Tamm-Horsfall protein in acute pyelonephritis. 328 May 2

A total of 516 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence and expression of the aerobactin iron uptake system. The incidence was markedly higher among clinical isolates from patients with septicemia (68.8%), pyelonephritis (74.6%), and symptomatic (59.8%) and asymptomatic (63.2%) lower urinary tract infections than among normal human fecal isolates (34.3%).
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PMID:Aerobactin-mediated iron uptake by Escherichia coli isolates from human extraintestinal infections. 351 45

Human nephrectomy specimens with ischemic glomerular changes were studied by colloidal iron staining and immunofluorescence with respect to glomerular polyanion, immunoprotein deposition and proteinase inhibitor deposition. In the sclerotic area of ischemic glomerular changes, polyanion loss and deposition of IgM, Clq, C4 and C3 were observed. These findings were common in cases with and without chronic pyelonephritis showing a considerable similarity to the glomerular changes of experimental focal sclerosis in rats or focal sclerosing glomerulonephropathy in human. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin (proteinase inhibitors) were also found in the sclerotic area. In particular, alpha 1-antitrypsin was always present in the sclerotic portions of every atrophic nephron and an important role of alpha 1-antitrypsin in atrophy of nephrons was suggested.
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PMID:Polyanion, immunoprotein and proteinase inhibitor in ischemic glomerular change. 617 Aug 99

Infection-induced suppressor cells may be associated with a depression of cell-mediated immune (CMI) mechanisms in pyelonephritis. In the present study, cell viability and cell to cell contact were established as prerequisites for immunosuppression and the role of mononuclear phagocytic cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as immunoregulatory cells affecting CMI, was also examined. Fractionation of spleen cell suspensions was carried out using carbonyl iron, nylon wool, glass beads, and sephadex. These procedures restored mitogenic responsiveness to splenic lymphocytes from pyelonephritic animals, and it was possible to isolate cells with accessory and suppressor activity from nylon wool columns. Elutable cells (that is, cells which adhere to the column but could be recovered by the addition of EDTA) were characteristically accessory cells and increased the mitogenic responsiveness of normal lymphocytes. Adherent splenocytes which suppress mitogenic responses were isolated from pyelonephritic animals. Additionally, neutrophils, at concentrations readily demonstrable in lesions, depressed CMI responses in vitro. With this information available it should now be possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the cellular mechanism by which CMI in renal infection is depressed.
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PMID:Infection-induced immunosuppression in pyelonephritis: characteristics of the suppressor cell(s). 622 63

The role of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli was studied in a hematogenous pyelonephritis model in mice. The nephropathogenicity of a nonhemolytic, avirulent E. coli strain was increased by simultaneous injection with its hemolytic, nephropathogenic parent. This helper mechanism could be attributed to hemolysin, since the simultaneous injection of partially purified hemolysin gave a similar enhancement of nephropathogenicity. Intraperitoneal injection of hemoglobin or iron sulfate before intravenous challenge with this avirulent strain also led to increased virulence. The nephropathogenicity-enhancing effect of hemolysin is therefore supposed to depend on increasing the level of available iron in the host. Under conditions of plentiful iron, hemolysin production was repressed, as shown by in vitro growth experiments in the presence of exogenous iron. These results suggest that the production of hemolysin is regulated by feedback inhibition.
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PMID:In vivo function of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. 635 94

Administration of iron to rats exacerbated early inflammatory changes of pyelonephritis produced by intravenous inoculation of Escherichia coli. This effect was noted with four of eight strains of E. coli tested and was dependent on bacterial inoculum. Despite this increase in severity of acute pyelonephritis as judged by numbers of bacteria in the kidney and careful gross and microscopic evaluation, there was no enhancement of chronic changes seen 6 months later.
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PMID:Effect of iron on acute pyelonephritis and later chronic changes. 675 29

The investigation of blood microelements by a highly sensitive neutron-activation method has shown an increased level of copper, zinc in the plasma, decreased content of iron, zinc in the plasma, decreased content of iron, manganese in erythrocytes, copper and manganese in the plasma of 75 children with calculous pyelonephritis as compared with healthy children. Besides, dysproteinemia was revealed depending on the activity and duration of the inflammatory process.
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PMID:[Dysproteinemia and trace element dysbalance in urolithiasis in children]. 684 94

Forty-three spinal cord injured patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) maintained on hemodialysis were studied. The most prevalent renal lesions consisted of chronic pyelonephritis and amyloidosis while the main renal functional features included nephrotic range proteinuria, high urine output and relatively low serum creatinine for the degree of renal insufficiency. Normocytic, normochromic anemia with low reticulocyte response, low serum iron and iron binding capacity and high transfusion requirement and serum ferritin were noted. Various cardiovascular, pulmonary and gastrointestinal abnormalities were found with considerable frequencies. The incidence of amyloidosis was much higher than that reported previously. This is thought to be due to continued progression of amyloidosis occasioned by longer survival in the present series.
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PMID:Clinicopathological characteristics of dialysis patients with spinal cord injury. 688 88

A black multipara was shown, by hemoglobin electrophoresis, to have hemoglobin SD disease. The patient exhibited a typically mild anemia that probably was secondary to folate and iron deficiencies as well as to hemoglobinopathic hemolysis. The course of her pregnancy was complicated by pyelonephritis and hyposthenuria, both of which have been reported in association with hemoglobin SD disease in pregnancy. The patient also was shown to have acute cholecystitis probably superimposed on a chronic cholelithiasis. This latter complication was probably the result of hemolysis due to hemoglobin SD disease. The patient was treated medically with good results, and, despite poor compliance and heroin addiction, delivered a viable infant at term.
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PMID:Hemoglobin SD disease associated with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in pregnancy. 712 20

The intramuscular injection of 250 mg iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex caused no increase in urinary cellular or bacterial excretion in 8 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, 4 patients with non-infective renal disease, and 4 controls. However, in 4 patients with chronic infective disease of the renal tract given 500 g there was a significant increase in cellular excretion. This response was not seen in 2 control patients, nor in 2 patients with non-infective renal disease. Using a differential staining technique, this increase in urinary cellular excretion was found to be due, not to leucocytes, but to renal tubular cells. The precise significance of this is unclear, but there would be concern that the high concentration of excreted iron was providing a 'toxic' insult to susceptible, infection-damaged cells.
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PMID:Effect of iron poly (sorbitolgluconic acid) complex on urinary cellular excretion. 722 74


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