Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In studies primarily designed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan as a treatment for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in the rat, renal papillary necrosis and pyelonephritis were observed. Cyclophosphamide alone produced relatively mild renal changes. The combination of cyclophosphamide and intravesical instillation of acetic acid induced renal papillary necrosis (38 to 83% incidence) along with pyelonephritis, hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Chitosan, instilled in place of acetic acid, partially inhibited the induction of renal papillary necrosis. It appears that the presence of vesico-ureteral reflux with or without associated hydroureter and hydronephrosis is a prerequisite for cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage.
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PMID:The effect of cyclophosphamide administration on the kidney of the rat. 148 76

The results of scintiphotography with gallium-67 (67Ga), renography with technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid, immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria, and determination of renal beta 2 microglobulin excretion were compared in 19 patients with upper and 15 patients with lower urinary tract infection. All patients with acute pyelonephritis showed an appreciable unilateral or bilateral uptake of 67Ga and an increased excretion of beta 2 microglobulin, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria yielded positive results in only 10. In patients with lower urinary tract infections excretion of beta 2 microglobulin and uptake of 67Ga were always normal, whereas immunofluorescence of antibody coated bacteria was positive in three cases. Scintiphotography with 67Ga and determination of renal beta 2 microglobulin excretion are currently the most reliable non-invasive methods of detecting acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Comparison of reliability of tests to distinguish upper from lower urinary tract infection. 643 Apr 39

Chronic pyelonephritis was induced in young adult cats by the intravenous injection of a human or a feline strain of Escherichia coli after ligation of one ureter for 24 or 48 h. In the 3 cats infected with the feline strain, scarred kidneys from the obstructed side were removed at necropsy 3, 4 and 5 months later. Collagen was extracted from pyelonephritic and normal kidney tissue with dilute acetic acid and limited proteolysis with pepsin. Scarred kidneys gave higher yields of both acid-soluble collagen (normal = 0.57 +/- 0.12 mg per g tissue; scarred = 0.88 +/- 0.10 mg per g tissue) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (normal = 9.69 +/- 1.79 mg per g tissue; scarred = 20.02 +/- 2.84 mg per g tissue). There was no significant increase in the collagen yield from the kidneys of the 2 cats in which mild focal lesions were found 14 and 16 months after infection with the human strain of E. coli. Pepsin released collagens were separated by fractional salt precipitation and identified by agarose gel chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Normal kidney was shown to contain collagen of Types I, IV and V (AB). The Type IV collagen extracted consisted of a mixture of 4 major pepsin-resistant chains of apparent molecular weights of 150 000, 115 000, 85 000 and 60 000. The collagen extracted from scarred kidneys was predominantly Type I, only trace amounts of Type IV and V components being present. These findings suggest that basement membrane collagens of the kidney are selectively degraded during the atrophy and scarring of chronic feline pyelonephritis and are preferentially replaced by interstitial Type I collagen.
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PMID:Experimental pyelonephritis in the cat: 3. Collagen alterations in renal fibrosis. 684 96

We developed a new experimental model of ascending Candida pyelonephritis in female rats with leukopenia and vesicoureteral reflux. Rats were treated transperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) to induce leukopenia 3 days before and transurethrally with diluted acetic acid solution to induce vesicoureteral reflux 1 day before inoculation of Candida albicans strain, ATCC 10259 (containing 10(7) cells). Microscopy revealed acute pyelonephritis in which Candida cells invaded from the fornix and/or papilla into the medulla within 3 days after inoculation. Between 7 and 28 days after inoculation, chronic pyelonephritis reached the cortex. The incidence of pyelonephritis increased gradually and was approximately 80% after 7 days. Candida colony counts of bladder urine specimens obtained by direct puncture were significantly greater in rats with pyelonephritis extending into the parenchyma than in those with pyelonephritis located along the pelvis (p < 0.01). These results suggest that this rat model shows the characteristic feature of ascending pyelonephritis due to C. albicans and that the severity of Candida pyelonephritis can be estimated from Candida counts of bladder urine.
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PMID:An experimental model of ascending pyelonephritis due to Candida albicans in rats. 830 64

The aim of this study was to determine antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein subunits in patients with acute pyelonephritis. The protein subunits used in this determination were prepared by chemical treatment of Tamm-Horsfall protein isolated from the urine of healthy individuals. Values for IgG and IgA were significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) in patients than in healthy persons, while IgM class antibodies were significantly higher only in the test performed with subunits obtained with 8.3 mol/l acetic acid (THP-A) (p < 0.05). Values for all three classes determined in the test with THP-A were significantly higher in patients with vesicoureteral reflux than in patients with normal radiological findings (p < 0.05). Antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein subunits isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis should also be determined.
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PMID:Antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein subunits prepared in vitro, in patients with acute pyelonephritis. 870 48

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease in childhood. Because the symptoms and signs are chronic and non-specific, preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult. We report an 8-year-old boy who had an abdominal mass and anemia for more than 6 months. Fever and dyspnea occurred 4 days prior to admission. Ultrasonography revealed an enlarged right kidney with multiple parenchymal hypoechogenic areas, absence of normal parenchymal structures, and perinephric thickening with multiple calcifications. An abdominal computed tomogram demonstrated an irregular, enlarged right kidney with multiple low-density round areas consistent with hydronephrosis and calculi. Diminished excretion of contrast media and a severe perinephric inflammatory reaction were present. Poor right kidney function was demonstrated by Tc99m-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid split renal function examination. We diagnosed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis preoperatively based on the clinical and radiological features. The child first had drainage of an extrarenal abscess and antibiotic therapy, followed by definitive nephrectomy. The hospital course was complicated with pleural effusion, peritonitis, pelvic abscess, and sepsis. A two-stage nephrectomy requiring less radical resection and decreasing the surgical complications would have been preferable.
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PMID:Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with severe complications. 1537 22