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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone marrow biopsies from the iliac crest in 56 patients with chronic pyelonephritis were evaluated quantitively and correlated with renal function and peripheral blood values (n = 100). In proportion to increasing serum creatinine, mild marrow hypoplasia develops which mainly, and to a statistically significant extent, affects the percentage and amount of erythropoietic cells and megakaryocytes. The simultaneous reduction of erythrocytes and reticulocytes in peripheral blood is more pronounced and only slightly correlated to the marrow cells. There is no correlation between the number of peripheral granulocytes or the decrease in lymphocytes concomitant with uremia, and their respective precursors in the marrow.
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PMID:[Proceedings: Hematopoiesis in chronic pyelonephritis. Quantitative-morphological study]. 121 72

A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of chronic hydrocarbon exposure and tobacco and alcohol consumption in the causation of primary glomerulonephritis. Exposure to hydrocarbons and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol were assessed blindly by telephone interview and questionnaire in 55 patients with end-stage renal disease due to biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis in whom there had been no evidence of systemic disease. This was compared with 55 normal subjects matched for age, sex, social class and residential area and a comparable internal control group of 45 patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to systemic disease, diabetic nephropathy or chronic pyelonephritis. Hydrocarbon exposure scores derived from the results of the questionnaires were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the patients with primary glomerulonephritis than in the normal subjects and the internal control group. Moreover, more detailed assessment of the type of hydrocarbon exposure showed significantly greater exposure of patients with glomerulonephritis to petroleum products (p < 0.001), greasing/degreasing agents (p < 0.01) and paints/glue (p < 0.05), and a resulting estimated relative risk of developing glomerulonephritis with each type of hydrocarbon exposure of 15.5, 5.3 and 2.0. Those patients with heavy hydrocarbon exposure (hydrocarbon score > 25,000) had a significantly higher serum creatinine at presentation than those with mild to moderate exposure, suggestive of more advanced renal disease. However, there was no significant difference in tobacco and alcohol consumption among subjects in different groups. We conclude that occupational exposure to hydrocarbon is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis and that the risk of developing glomerulonephritis is greatest in those subjects exposed to petroleum products.
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PMID:Primary glomerulonephritis and hydrocarbon exposure: a case-control study and literature review. 143 76

The study aimed at evaluating proximal renal tubule function in patients with nephrolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis, and in patients with infectious diseases treated with gentamicin. The study involved 2 groups of patients: group A--17 patients with nephrolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis and group B--30 patients with other infectious diseases (pneumonia, biliary tract infections) but with normal glomerular filtration rate. Patients from both groups were treated with gentamicin in a daily dose of 2-3 mg/kg for 7-10 days. Serum and urine creatinine levels were assayed in all patients prior to, 2-3, 7, 10 days, and after the treatment. Patients assigned to group B were divided into two subgroups: B1 included 15 patients with normal beta 2-microglobulinuria, and B2 15 patients with increased renal loss of beta 2-microglobulin and decreased tubular reabsorption of this protein. Significant increase in beta 2-microglobulinuria was seen on the third day of therapy, the decrease in the tubular reabsorption and glomerular filtration rate were noted in all patients on the seventh day of gentamicin administration. Beta 2-microglobulinuria was significantly higher in patients from groups A and B2 in comparison with group B1 in which no dysfunction of the proximal renal tubule was present before gentamicin therapy. A degree of beta 2-microglobulinuria is an early and sensitive indicator of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. The risk of nephrotixic symptoms is particularly obvious in patients with deteriorated function of renal proximal tubuli before the treatment with gentamicin.
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PMID:[Evaluation of selected indicators of the renal proximal tubule function in patients treated with gentamicin]. 149 34

The efficacy and safety of netilmicin, 5 mg/kg of body weight once daily or 2 mg/kg thrice daily for 10 days, for the treatment of gram-negative pyelonephritis in children were compared in a prospective, randomized trial. Explicit criteria were used to define the site of infection, treatment outcome, and adverse effects. Netilmicin was given to 74 children once daily and to 70 children three times daily. At 1 week posttreatment, 73 (99%) of 74 children treated with netilmicin once daily and 70 (100%) of 70 children treated with netilmicin three times daily were cured. At 4 weeks posttreatment, no relapse was detected and the rate of reinfection was essentially identical in the two treatment groups. Peak serum netilmicin concentrations were higher in patients given the once-daily regimen, whereas a higher trough level was detected in patients given the three-times-daily regimen. Nephrotoxicity, which was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level of greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl over the baseline, was rare (3%) and reversible and occurred regardless of the treatment regimen. Ototoxicity, which was assessed by pure-tone audiometry (250 to 8,000 Hz) and brain stem-evoked response (6,000 Hz), occurred in 2 of 32 children who were evaluated. In these two children, who were given the once-daily regimen, wave V was not evokable monolaterally below 25 and 40 dB normal hearing level, respectively. Thus, it may be possible to treat childhood pyelonephritis with netilmicin once daily. However, this new approach needs to be confirmed in other studies.
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PMID:Comparison of 5 milligrams of netilmicin per kilogram of body weight once daily versus 2 milligrams per kilogram thrice daily for treatment of gram-negative pyelonephritis in children. 151 Apr 46

The urinary bladder of 10 clinically normal dogs was excised and the ureters were implanted into an isolated, vagotomized gastric segment derived from the fundic region of the stomach. The gastric segment was closed to form a conduit. Continence was maintained with a modified Kock "nipple valve" created from an isolated segment of ileum. Four dogs were euthanatized by day 30 because of complications related to the early onset of renal failure and electrolyte alterations. Six dogs were euthanatized on day 150. Ureteral dilatation, hydronephrosis, and decreased endogenous creatinine clearance rates were measured in all dogs at the end of the survival period. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed histologically in seven dogs. Positive renal cultures were obtained from seven dogs at necropsy. It was concluded that gastric conduit urinary diversion is unsatisfactory for long-term or short-term clinical use in dogs.
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PMID:Gastric conduit urinary diversion in normal dogs. Part I, Upper urinary tract structure, function, and sepsis. 158 54

The clinical course of 138 children who underwent unilateral nephrectomy and had a normal contralateral kidney at the time of nephrectomy was reviewed. The diagnosis leading to nephrectomy included obstructive uropathy in 46% of the cases, reflux or pyelonephritis in 30%, Wilms tumor in 15%, hypertension in 4%, dysplastic kidney in 2% and trauma in 2%. Mean age at nephrectomy was 7.3 years and median followup was 24.7 years. Of the 138 patients 121 (88%) are well and 17 died, including 14 secondary to metastatic Wilms tumor and 1 of renal failure. Survival of nonWilms tumor patients was similar to that of an age-matched control group. In 30 patients 24-hour creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were measured. Proteinuria (greater than 150 mg./24 hours) was found in 8 of the 30 patients (27%) (p less than 0.001), renal insufficiency developed in 9 (30%) (p less than 0.0001) and hypertension occurred in 10% (p greater than 0.10). Children with an acquired solitary kidney are at increased risk for proteinuria and renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Prognosis of children with solitary kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. 164 May 59

The paper examines the relationship between the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane erythrocyte transport (Mg(2+)-, N(+)-K(+)-, Ca(2+)-ATPases). An individual analysis ascertained that the patients who showed a low Ca(2+)-ATPase activity had marked signs of inflammation in the body, as evidenced by ESR, seromucoid and fibrinogen concentrations. These patients had more significantly depressed immune defense mechanisms as reflected by the levels of immunoglobulins, T-lymphocytes, complement, the neutrophil phagocytosis, and urinary IgA concentrations). Variations were also found in examining the excretion of a number of metabolites. There was a substantial decrease in urea, creatinine, titrated acid, phosphorus excretions in patients with deficient Ca(2+)-ATPase activity than in those with its high activity. It was concluded that there was a relationship between some clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane transport. To treat metabolic disorders, membrane-protective agents are recommended to include into combined therapy.
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PMID:[The enzyme function of cationic transmembrane transport and its relationship to the homeostatic indices of patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. 183 Apr 30

The pathogenesis of urinary tract infections is not yet sufficiently explained despite of large progressions in this field. A special disposition for infections of the kidneys and the urinary tract more and more be seen not only as an anatomic and/or urodynamic but also as an immunologic problem. The secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in the urine is a measurable parameter for the function of the local immuno system of the mucous membranes in the urogenital system being subject of the present investigations. 87 children with different forms and stages of activity of the urinary tract infection and 59 healthy children have been chosen in order to measure the concentration and the excretion of S-IgA (mg S-IgA/g creatinine). The S-IgA is estimated by an enzyme immunoassay. We have found that the concentration, the excretion and the daily excretion of S-IgA are higher in all forms of pyelonephritis in an acute stage compared with healthy volunteers. There is a non-significant decrease of these values during an antibiotic therapy. It is evident that the values of patients with chronic pyelonephritis have been significantly diminished during the symptom-free interval compared with healthy volunteers (p less than 0.05). Considering the literature our results show that the function of the kidneys as well as inflammation and local immunity are in a close correlation.
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PMID:[Urinary secretory immunoglobulin A in urinary tract infections in childhood]. 203 11

Urinary diversion by implantation of the ureters into an isolated segment of jejunum was evaluated in eight clinically normal male dogs. Total cystectomy and subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy were performed, and the intestinal loop was sutured to the prostatic remnant. General health, renal function, acid-base balance, urinary tract infection, and urinary continence were monitored during observation periods of 4 to 30 weeks. All dogs survived the observation period and seven were in excellent general health at the time of euthanasia. Six of the 16 ureterointestinal anastomoses were complicated by complete ureteral obstruction. Absorption of urea from the intestinal loop was speculated as the reason for significant increases in serum urea nitrogen concentrations in all of the dogs. Serum creatinine concentrations generally remained within the normal range, but were significantly increased from preoperative baseline values by week 30. There was dilation of 12 renal pelves and ureters in seven dogs. Urine bacterial cultures were positive in six dogs, but histologic evidence of pyelonephritis was present in only five kidneys. Ejaculation was not affected by the procedure, but epididymitis was present in five dogs. The dogs could urinate consciously and did not dribble urine continuously; however, they urinated hourly. While the procedure was well tolerated by the dogs, the frequency of urination makes this technique unacceptable for most household pets.
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PMID:Enterocystoplasty with cystectomy and subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy in the male dog. 204 78

We reviewed our 12.5-year experience with ileocecal conduit (ICC) and report the long-term results of 147 cases of ICC compared with those of our 102 cases of ileal conduit (IC). We usually performed ICC following total cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder, while we chose IC in cases of high stage or recurrent malignancies. The average follow-up period was 41.7 months in the ICC group and 28.8 months in the IC group. The postoperative mortality (6.1%) and the incidence of early complications (21.1%) in the ICC group were comparable with the reported incidences for IC. In the later period, stomal problems were most frequently encountered. Urinary tract complications are important because they affect renal function in the course of a long period of time. Excretory urogram showed a satisfactory result and serum creatinine remained within the normal limits even in patients followed up for a long time in both groups. The incidences of pyelonephritis and urinary stones in the ICC group were 13.6 and 5.4%, respectively. We had expected a much lower incidence of these complications and ICC could not cover all the drawbacks of IC. However, at present, there is no ideal or perfect method of urinary diversion, ICC should be one of the acceptable options which has a satisfactory long-term result.
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PMID:Assessment of the long-term results of ileocecal conduit urinary diversion. 205 23


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