Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic pyelonephritis was induced in young adult cats by the intravenous injection of a human or a feline strain of Escherichia coli after ligation of one ureter for 24 or 48 h. In the 3 cats infected with the feline strain, scarred kidneys from the obstructed side were removed at necropsy 3, 4 and 5 months later. Collagen was extracted from pyelonephritic and normal kidney tissue with dilute acetic acid and limited proteolysis with pepsin. Scarred kidneys gave higher yields of both acid-soluble collagen (normal = 0.57 +/- 0.12 mg per g tissue; scarred = 0.88 +/- 0.10 mg per g tissue) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (normal = 9.69 +/- 1.79 mg per g tissue; scarred = 20.02 +/- 2.84 mg per g tissue). There was no significant increase in the collagen yield from the kidneys of the 2 cats in which mild focal lesions were found 14 and 16 months after infection with the human strain of E. coli. Pepsin released collagens were separated by fractional salt precipitation and identified by agarose gel chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Normal kidney was shown to contain collagen of Types I, IV and V (AB). The Type IV collagen extracted consisted of a mixture of 4 major pepsin-resistant chains of apparent molecular weights of 150 000, 115 000, 85 000 and 60 000. The collagen extracted from scarred kidneys was predominantly Type I, only trace amounts of Type IV and V components being present. These findings suggest that basement membrane collagens of the kidney are selectively degraded during the atrophy and scarring of chronic feline pyelonephritis and are preferentially replaced by interstitial Type I collagen.
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PMID:Experimental pyelonephritis in the cat: 3. Collagen alterations in renal fibrosis. 684 96

The production of hypotonic urine was investigated in 20 subjects suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. The minimum urinary osmolality was significantly influenced by the NaCl content in the diet. Under conditions of low NaCl intake (15 mEq Na/day) the minimum urinary osmolality decreases significantly as compared with the values obtained under normal salt intake, and can reach normal values. The results indicate that the diluting function of the kidneys may be improved by the increase of fractional sodium reabsorption.
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PMID:Hypotonic urine production and sodium chloride intake in patients with chronic renal failure. 727 25

Obstructive uropathy causes tubular resistance to aldosterone and severe metabolic imbalance may be precipitated by an episode of pyelonephritis. In the last 3 years we investigated 52 episodes of pyelonephritis (positive urine culture, elevated C reactive protein, fever, elevated neutrophil count) in 50 children between 15 days and 15 months of age. Ultrasonography voiding cystography and renal scintiscan were performed in all cases and i.v. urography in some. A salt-losing syndrome with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia (Na < 125 meq/liter; K > 6.3 meq/liter) was observed in 17 infants < 3 months, accompanied by plasma aldosterone concentration of 5000 to 23,000 pg/ml (normal value, < 1000 pg/ml). All these children had a severe urinary tract (UT) malformation (ureteropelvic junction stenosis in 7 cases, vesicoureteral reflux in 7, posterior urethral valves in 2, double system in 1). Thirteen infants < 3 months, 7 with no urinary tract malformations, did not have electrolyte imbalance. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 20 other patients ages 4 to 15 months, including 16 with severe UT malformations; 4 had normal UTs. We conclude that a salt-losing syndrome with tubular resistance to aldosterone can occur during pyelonephritis in young infants with congenital UT malformation, that the risk diminishes considerably or disappears after 3 months of age and that in the absence of UT malformation pyelonephritis does not cause acute sodium loss of clinical relevance.
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PMID:Acute pyelonephritis as a cause of hyponatremia/hyperkalemia in young infants with urinary tract malformations. 771 92

Pyelonephritis-associated P-pili (PAP) of Escherichia coli O6,H(-),K1(-),F12,haemolysin(-) were purified by salt precipitation and affinity chromatography using Synsorb P1. Purified PAP showed a single band with a molecular weight of 18 kDa by electrophoretic analysis. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was produced by fusion of the PAI myeloma cell line with splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunised with the purified PAP. The mAb was of IgM class with kappa light chains and reacted with a 18-kDa moeity of the salt precipitate; the epitope was present near the apical part of the pilus filaments. The mAb reacted with PAP in both immunofluorescence and haemagglutination tests when 108 strains isolated from urine samples were tested; the two tests were in agreement for 202 of 204 strains isolated from faecal samples.
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PMID:Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against pyelonephritis-associated P-pili of Escherichia coli. 791 47

The adhesion of microbes on host cells is of decisive importance in the development of Gram-negative microbe-induced infections and can be influenced by the surface hydrophobicity of the microbial cell. The hydrophobicity of 155 Escherichia coli strains of different origin was determined by the salt aggregation test (SAT). Among the strains isolated from faecal samples of healthy persons only 16.7% showed aggregative properties, whereas among the strains isolated from the urine of patients with pyelonephritis and the faecal samples of calves and pigs with diarrhoea some 40.0%-60.0% were aggregative. The influence of aqueous extracts prepared from bearberry leaves, St. John's wort herbs, wild camomile and marigold flowers on hydrophobicity of 40 E. coli and 20 Acinetobacter baumannii strains was investigated. The decoctions of bearberry and St. John's wort increased remarkably the hydrophobicity of both microbial species. The infusions of wild camomile and marigold completely blocked the aggregative properties of the investigated strains. Bactericidal action was relatively low in the case of bearberry and St. John's wort and completely lacking in the case of wild camomile and marigold. Thus, one of the probable and potentially important action mechanisms of the four medicinal plants studied is their ability to influence the surface characteristics of the microbial cells and thereby their putative virulence properties.
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PMID:Influence of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants on surface hydrophobicity of Escherichia coli strains of different origin. 946 14

Male infants under the age of 3 months presenting with pyelonephritis in the presence of urinary tract malformation (UTM) are prone to transient pseudohypoaldosteronism. This may resemble congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis are the primary findings that permit the diagnosis of CAH. We report a case of transient pseudohypoaldosteronism resulting from pyelonephritis and vesicouretric reflux. The 17-day-old boy presented with a salt-losing episode simulating adrenal insufficiency. An initial diagnosis of CAH was made. The severe metabolic imbalance resulted in ventricular flutter that resolved after correction of the metabolic acidosis and the electrolyte and volume depletion. Early diagnosis is essential because both conditions are potentially fatal and treatment differs significantly. Differential diagnosis may be achieved by urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound scan.
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PMID:Ventricular flutter in a neonate--severe electrolyte imbalance caused by urinary tract infection in the presence of urinary tract malformation. 1064 37

The patient was a 77-year-old man who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion due to bladder cancer in 1989. A stenosis of the right uretero-ileal anastomosis occurred in 1992, and of the left uretero-ileal anastomosis in 1999. These were treated with indwelling of a ureteral stent and percutaneous nephrostomy, respectively. He was admitted to our hospital for progressive renal dysfunction due to frequent pyelonephritis. We performed a reconstruction of the ileal conduit urinary diversion and after the removal of the bilateral ureteral stent he complained of nausea and general malaise. The laboratory data showed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and azotemia, which were diagnosed as complication liked jejunal conduit syndrome. He was treated with hydration and salt supplementation. With regard to this case, we considered that a long ileal conduit close to the jejunum and renal dysfunction caused the complication liked jejunal conduit syndrome. Careful observation and follow-up laboratory examination should be performed if the patient has renal dysfunction and a long conduit near the jejunum is used for the ileal conduit.
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PMID:[A case report of complication liked jejunal conduit syndrome induced by reconstruction of ileal conduit]. 1510 28

The role of the kidney in the control of blood pressure has been convincingly demonstrated by several studies. Recent evidence has suggested that subtle acquired tubulointerstitial injury may cause a defect in sodium excretion function, thus leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. There are no reports, however, examining the effect of experimental chronic pyelonephritis on renal sodium handling and arterial pressure. Thus, to examine the influence of salt intake and unilateral nephrectomy, unanesthetized, unrestrained rats were randomly assigned to one of two separate groups: sham-operated rats (CO) or chronic unilateral pyelonephritic rats (CP). After twenty one days, the pyelonephritic group was subdivided in two: one subgroup continued with water intake (CPw), while the other was changed to 0.9% NaCl intake (CPs), like the control group (COs). After seven days, all rats were submitted to unilateral nephrectomy of the left normal kidney. Data presented herein show that chronic pyelonephritis produced an increase in mean arterial pressure (CO: 121.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg to CP: 127.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.000) that was enhanced by saline ingestion (COs: 121.6 +/- 1.4 mmHg; CPw: 127.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg; CPs: 132.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg, p = 0.000) and further aggravated by unilateral nephrectomy (CO: 125.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg; CPw: 127.5 +/- 0.9 mmHg; CPs: 139.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg, p = 0.000). Unchanged blood pressure measurements (120.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg) were observed beyond 21 days in control rats maintained on water regimen when compared with saline-drinking groups. These changes in mean arterial pressure were observed despite an increased fractional sodium excretion in the CPs group compared to the other groups before uninephrectomy (COs: 0.125 +/- 0.025%; CPw: 0.045 +/- 0.013%; CPs: 0.292 +/- 0.046%; p = 0.000), as compared to CPw after uninephrectomy (COs: 0.249 +/- 0.077%; CPw: 0.062 +/- 0.011%; CPs: 0.363 +/- 0.195%, p = 0.019). In addition, it was shown that daily liquid intake was higher in CPs than in CPw but similar to COs, both before uninephrectomy (COs: 42.8 +/- 2.6 ml/d; CPw: 34.3 +/- 3.5 ml/d; CPs: 51.8 +/- 3.7 ml/d, p = 0.006) and after uninephrectomy (COs: 40.9 +/- 5.5 ml/d; CPw: 33.8 +/- 1.4 ml/d; CPs: 53.0 +/- 3.5 ml/d, p = 0.004). The current data suggest that chronic pyelonephritis promotes an inability of renal tubules to handle sodium excretion when exposed to sodium overload and aggravated by uninephrectomy, thus constituting a model for salt-sensitive hypertension.
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PMID:Development of hypertension in a pyelonephritis-induced model: the effect of salt intake and inability of renal sodium handling. 1692 20

Experimental infiltration of the intravesical ureter of the normal bladder in the living, anesthetized animal with magnesium sulfate or physiological salt solution caused a reflux of urine into the ureter in 6 out of 18 guinea pigs (33 per cent); in 22 out of 27 rabbits (81 per cent), and in 14 out of 17 dogs (82 per cent). The vesical pressure necessary to produce this experimental reflux is low and ranges between 2 and 12 mm. of Hg; hydrostatic pressure of the bladder contents often sufficed to drive urine into the kidney pelvis. After an experimental reflux had occurred, increased vesical pressure often failed to raise the level of the regurgitant column in the ureters of rabbit and dog: these higher pressures had rendered an incompetent valve competent. Control pressures ranging between 8 and 40 mm. of Hg without a preceding infiltration, caused no reflux in the great majority of dogs. The amount of infiltrated fluid necessary to produce reflux varied from 0.2 cc. in the guinea pig to 0.5 to 2 cc. in dog. Spontaneous regurgitation, that is regurgitation without a preceding infiltration, was seen in 4 guinea pigs, 4 rabbits and 2 dogs. Antiperistalsis of the ureters, that is a wave of contraction passing from the bladder to the kidney, was never seen in our animals with experimental reflux. Biopsy of the bladder in rabbit and dog showed edema of the ureterovesical valves after infiltration in most of our animals. Hemorrhages into the submucosa in the neighborhood of the ureteral valves were observed in some. The bladders of 3 rabbits, exhibiting spontaneous reflux without infiltration showed pouting, edematous lips of the ureterovesical orifices. The cause of experimental regurgitation is a non-obstructive edema of the vesical valve; this edema renders the valve flap more rigid and therefore incompetent at relatively low intravesical pressures. Higher intravesical pressures may again render the incompetent valve competent. The experimental results are applied to the human subject because the urinary bladder of dog and of man are quite similar in structure and function. Reasons are presented suggesting that the described type of reflux may cause pyelitis and pyelonephritis.
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PMID:EXPERIMENTAL LOCAL BLADDER EDEMA CAUSING URINE REFLUX INTO URETER AND KIDNEY. 1987 Jun 95

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in children and underlying causes are many. It is most often caused by excessive salt loss from the gut but is also associated with severe systemic disorders in which there is actual or apparent aldosterone deficiency, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is the most common inherited disorder of aldosterone synthesis, and pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). Abscent aldosterone activity also leads to hyperkalemia which is characteristic for PHA and can result in life threatening arrythmias. This is a case report about a boy presenting with life threatening electrolyte disturbances in conjunction with PHA resulting from pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux.
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PMID:[A case report - Severe electrolyte disturbances in an eight week old boy]. 2044 21


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