Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

8 patients with chronic pyelonephritis were given gentamycin intramuscularly injected in individual dosage during 8-10 days. Here the behaviour of the excretion of protein, alanine aminopeptidase alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and lysozyme with the urine was tested. With the exception of the lysozymuria, which increased only in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, regularly a hyperenzymuria developed. Most distinctly the excretion of the alanine aminopeptidase increased. After initial decrease the excretion of total protein transiently increased after completion of the gentamycin therapy. All the deviations were reversible. From the increased excretion of enzymes may not be concluded to a nephrotoxicity of gentamycin.
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PMID:[The effect of therapeutic gentamycin doses on the enzyme secretion in urine]. 0 Aug 56

Since 1973 30 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) or pyelonephritis have been treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside, in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of seven to nine days. From a clinical point of view the result of treatment was good. Complete resolution was achieved in 17 patients, improvement in nine, and there was no effect in four patients. Thirty-five causative organisms (Escherichia coli = 23, Proteus sp. = 7, Klebsiella sp. = 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 1, Citrobacter = 1) were isolated before treatment. Thirty of the organisms were eliminated during treatment, but seven reappeared during the follow-up period; five strains persisted. Side effects observed consisted of reversible increase of serum creatinine in four patients, excretion of granular casts in 14 patients, and a transient rise of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and/or SGPT in five patients. No signs of ototoxicity or any other adverse reactions were found and local tolerance was good. In 20 patients blood samples for assay were obtained daily one hour after i. m. injection of 1.0 mg/kg. No evidence of drug accumulation in the serum was found: the mean serum concentrations one hour after injection remained between 3.4 and 3,9 microgram/ml during the entire treatment period. Sisomicin is a highly effective antibiotic for the treatment of UTI caused by gramnegative pathogens. On account of its potential toxicity however, it should be used, like other aminoglycosides, only in selected cases.
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PMID:[Efficacy, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. 10 44

Intravenous cefazolin and cefoxitin were compared in a prospective randomized trial in infections where the suspected pathogen was expected to be susceptible to both antibiotics. In the cefazolin group (12 patients) the diagnosis was pneumonia in 4, including 2 with pneumococcal bacteremia, soft tissue infection in 5, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in 1, acute pyelonephritis in 1, and disseminated gonococcal infection in 1. In the cefoxitin group (10 patients) the diagnosis was pneumonia in 4, including 2 with pneumococcal bacteremia, soft tissue infection in 4, acute pyelonephritis in 1, and disseminated gonococcal infection in 1. In the cefazolin group receiving an evaluable course of therapy, a good clinical response was seen in 10 of 11 patients, and a bacteriological response was seen in 5 of 7. Cefazolin failed to eradicate S. aureus bacteremia in 1 patient and S. aureus in a skin ulcer of another patient. All 10 cefoxitin patients had good clinical and bacteriological responses, but in 1 patient S. aureus colonization of a postoperative wound recurred after discontinuation of the drug. Side effects in both groups included skin rash, phlebitis, and elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase. Both cefoxitin and cefazolin appeared effective in infections caused by susceptible aerobic pathogens with the possible exception of S. aureus, although all 11 strains of S. aureus isolated in this study were susceptible in vitro to both antibiotics. Cefoxitin appeared to be equivalent to cefazolin in efficacy and occurrence of side effects.
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PMID:Prospective comparison of cefoxitin and cefazolin in infections caused by aerobic bacteria. 34 96

Ten episodes of massive transaminase increase with hepatic necrosis were observed in 7 patients after infusion of megluminioglycamide (Biligram). The patients were 3 men and 4 women aged 49 to 65 years with biliary tract disease (n = 1), recurrent pancreatitis (n = 1), hyperlipidaemia and minimal toxic liver damage (n = 1), pyelonephritis (n = 1), , arteriitis (n = 1), and pseudo-LE (n = 1). In 6 patients there was an increase of the alkaline phosphatase without icterus before the investigation and a slight increase of transaminases in 3 patients. After infusion of 100 ml of Biligram in 5 patients and of 200 ml in 2 patients there was an abrupt increase of GPT (98-2202 U/l) with a lesser increase of GOT. The alkaline phosphatase activity remained unchanged. Three patients showed symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, fever erythema, or conjunctivitis. Histologically all patients showed centrolobular necroses. Transaminases should be checked 2 days after intravenous cholangiograms. In patients with a definite increase reexposure should be avoided.
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PMID:[Hepatic necroses after infusion cholangiography (author's transl)]. 63 57

Basic and clinical investigation on the intravenous administration of sulbenicillin in moderate dose (510g daily) was carried out to evaluate its clinical effect in systemic infections due to gram-negative bacilli. The following results were obtained. (1) In human subjects received 5 g intravenous drip infusion, the peak blood levels were found at the end of infusion. In 6 cases with normal renal function (Ccr greater than or equal to 70ml/min.) the peak blood level was 181 mcg/ml on the average and the half-life 1.1 hours, while in 3 cases with impaired renal function (Ccr less than 70 ml/min.) the peak level 216 mcg/ml and the half-life longer than 2 hours. The height of the peak level seemed to be subjected to the duration of infusion. The renal excretion of sulbenicllin was 55.2% on the average both in cases with normal and impaired renal functions. (2) Sulbenicillin, 510g daily divided in 2 doses, was administered to 15 cases including 6 cases with acute pyelonephritis, 3 with acute cystitis, 3 with biliary tract infection, 2 with respiratory tract infection and 1 with acute prostatitis. All the cases except 3 cases with acute pyelonephritis had underlying diseases. Escherichia coli was isolated from 10 cases, Klebsiella from 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1, and unidentified gram-negative bacilli from 1. Eleven cases responded to the treatment, but 4 cases failed. In 11 cases with susceptible bacteria, 8 cases responded bacteriologically (2 cases recurred), and 3 cases failed to respond. A case with biliary tract infection due to E. coli did not respond to 5 g daily treatment, but responded to 5 g twice daily. Two cases due to organisms which were not inhibited by 200mcg/ml in vitro did not respond to the treatment. (3) A moderate decrease in red blood cell number and hemoglobin content was observed in one case. A transient increase in transaminase and alkaline phosphatase level was observed in other cases.
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PMID:[Studies on the intravenous administration of sulbenicillin (author's transl)]. 77 28

This study belongs to a series of comparative biochemical and semiquantitative-histological investigations in renal tissue fractions of pyelonephritis patients (human PN) and of different types of experimental pyelonephritis (experimental PN). The experiments aim at more detailed knowledge on the interrelationship of intermediary cell metabolism and histopathological changes during the different phases of human and experimental PN. The results concerning acid and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as concerning glutaminase I and glutamic dehydrogenase activities were earlier reported (Exp. Path. vols. 8, 9, 10 and 12). In the present study the author has analyzed the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.1. AspAT) the synonym of which is glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT).
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PMID:[Aspartate aminotransferase activities in renal tissue during experimental and human chronic pyelonephritis]. 92 89

Excretion patterns of kidney related urinary proteins such as lysosomal beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta NAG), brush-border Ala-(Leu-Gly)-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as of IgG, albumin, and alpha-1-microglobulin, were assessed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 53), pyelonephritis (n = 27), systemic lupus erythematodes (n = 5), and patients with essential arterial hypertension (n = 18). Excretion of tubular marker enzymes and serumproteins (related to urine creatinine concentration = protein creatinine index) in spontaneously voided second morning urine was significantly higher as compared to the controls (n = 2). Alpha-1-microglobulin was markedly elevated in both pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis indicating disturbance in tubulointerstitial handling of microglobulins also in cases with primary glomerulopathy. Rise of albumin, IgG, and alpha-1-microglobulin as well as of tubular kidney markers AAP, AP, GGT, and beta NAG in cases with arterial hypertension without preexisting nephropathy support the hypothesis of a defect in charge and size permselectivity in these patients which is probably due to an increase in glomerular capillary perfusion pressure and hyperfiltration.
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PMID:Kidney- and serum derived proteins in urine of patients suffering from renal diseases or arterial hypertension. 247 9

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was evaluated for clinical efficacy on uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis by administering 2 g once daily for 5 days to 16 female patients between 20 and 65 years old (average: 39.7 years); i.e., 3 with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and 13 with complicated pyelonephritis. The pathogens in all 3 cases of uncomplicated pyelonephritis were E. coli. All of them disappeared after the treatment. Twenty-two strains of 10 strains of bacteria were isolated from the 13 cases of complicated pyelonephritis. Twenty of the 22 (91%) strains disappeared. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on UTI Japan in 15 cases except for 1 case of the complicated type where the CTRX administration was discontinued after the initial dose due to an adverse event. The efficacy rate was 100% in the 3 uncomplicated cases; 'excellent' in 1 case and 'good' in 2, and 92% in 12 of the complicated cases; 'excellent' in 9, 'good' in 2 and 'poor' in 1 (infection was with multiple pathogens including P. aeruginosa). No abnormal values were observed in any cases except for a slight increase in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in one case and skin rash in another case which appeared following the initial dose and required the immediate withdrawal of the drug. CTRX is characterized by a long half-life and shows a strong antibacterial activity against GNRs, especially E. coli. The efficacy rate was high particularly following the initial dose in the acute stage of pyelonephritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone administered once daily against pyelonephritis]. 265 12

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were worked out in control, infected and immunized-infected rats. There was no significant change in the Km of all the enzymes studied in three groups. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney of infected and immunised-infected animals. However, in the right unobstructed kidney the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages in both the experimental groups. The significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the Vmax of infected and immunized-infected groups at various stages of infection revealed the partial protective role of antipili antibody against ascending pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Antipili antibody affords protection against ascending pyelonephritis in rat: evaluated by renal brush border membrane enzymes. 288 98

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine-aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were used as markers for the early detection of pyelonephritis. Km of all the enzymes studied remained unaltered. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied were found to be significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney. The Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages of infection in the right unobstructed kidney. No histopathological lesions confirming pyelonephritis could be seen 7 days postinfection in the left kidney and right kidney remained histopathologically unaltered. This demonstrated that BBM enzymes are much earlier disturbed as compared to histopathological changes.
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PMID:New sensitive markers for the detection of experimental ascending pyelonephritis. 288 3


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