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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 116 patients with coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, the authors observed differences in the excretion of the ions of 42K, stable potassium, 24Na, stable sodium, chlorine as well as in the value of diuresis during the administration of equimolar solutions of potassium hydrocarbonate and potassium chloride, sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride labeled with 42K and 24Na respectively. These differences depended on the expression of the basic (alkaline) characteristics of the anions of the administered solutions of potassium and sodium and the osmolarity of the administered amount of liquid. Pronounced ion exchange reactions were observed during the administration of KHCO3 solution only, the multiplicity factor of the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions with urine significantly exceeding that of diuresis. During the administration of KCl solutions in the isotonic NaCl solution and 5% glucose, the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions changed strictly in accordance with the changes of diuresis. Similar changes were noted in the administration of the solutions of sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride.
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PMID:[Metabolism of potassium and sodium when administered with different anions to patients with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension]. 632 82

Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis was studied in untreated alloxan-diabetic rats, insulin-treated diabetic rats, glucose water-drinking (diuresing) nondiabetic rats, and tap water-drinking (nondiuresing) nondiabetic rats following injection of E. coli either into the emptied urinary bladder, into the left kidney, or intravenously. For prevention of an ascending infection in the right kidney, the right ureter was ligated and transected immediately prior to bladder or intrarenal inoculation. These experiments established that in normal rats ascending renal infection alone occurred following introduction of small inocula into the bladder--and then only when facilitated by diuresis. In diabetic rats both ascending and hematogenous renal infection occurred following introduction of small inocula into the bladder. Insulin treatment that reduced hyperglycemia also reduced glycosuria and restored urinary antibacterial activity against small inocula of E. coli but only partially reduced polyuria and prevented hematogenous but not ascending infection. Thus, hyperglycemia was probably the major factor promoting hematogenous renal infection, whereas polyuria--and therefore vesicoureteral reflux--was the major factor promoting ascending infection.
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PMID:Effect of insulin treatment on the susceptibility of the diabetic rat to Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis. 638 97

Pyelonephritis was studied after an intravenous injection of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, or enterococcus in alloxan-diabetic rats and in water-diuresing or non-diuresing nondiabetic rats. The renal microbial populations of C. albicans or S. aureus were found to be greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per g for up to 42 days in diabetic rats, whereas the kidneys tended to become sterile in nondiabetic rats. No significant difference was found in the course of enterococcal pyelonephritis in diabetic versus control rats. The difference in the 50% infective dose for each microorganism between diabetic and control rats was less than or equal to log10. Neither duration of diabetes nor weight loss contributed to the greater and more sustained renal populations of C. albicans and S. aureus in diabetic rats. The inflammatory reaction in kidneys infected with S. aureus or C. albicans was greater in diabetic rats. Fungus balls associated with ureteral obstruction and gross multiple renal abscesses occurred in diabetic, but not in nondiabetic, rats infected with Candida. Growth of C. albicans and S. aureus in vitro in urine from diabetic rats was significantly greater than it was in urine from control rats. Addition of water or glucose to the urine of non-diuresing, nondiabetic rats significantly increased in vitro growth of S. aureus and C. albicans. These studies demonstrate greater severity of infection in the diabetic kidney due to S. aureus and C. albicans, which can be partially explained by decreased inhibitory activity of urine for these organisms in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Experimental Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis pyelonephritis in diabetic rats. 680 Sep 56

Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas), Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. primatum, M. Salivarium and M. pneumoniae have been isolated from the genitourinary tract. The first two of these microorganisms are found most frequently. M. hominis is a cause of some cases of postpartum and postabortal fever, acute pyelonephritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Ureaplasmas have been associated with chorioamnionitis, habitual spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, the urethral syndrome in women, and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men; but the difficulty of proving an etiological relationship is emphasized. However, in NGU there is accumulating evidence to indicate that ureaplasmas cause some cases. Some patients suffering from NGU, from whom ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas and chlamydiae cannot be isolated, respond to tetracycline therapy. This has suggested that a tetracycline-sensitive microorganism might be responsible. In this context, the isolation of a glucose-metabolizing mycoplasma from the genitourinary tracts of 2 of 13 men with NGU is of interest. This mycoplasma, serologically different from all other tested, has the structural and biological features of a pathogenic organism.
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PMID:Urogenital mycoplasma infections of man: a review with observations on a recently discovered mycoplasma. 728 95

The nonionic radioopaque ultravist and the high-molar radioopaque verograffin were studied for their effects on the blood osmotic status of children with lower renal concentrating function. A total of 36 children aged 8 months to 12 years who had pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and renal injury at their acute stage were studied angiographically under general anesthesia. The radioopaque was injected in a mean dose of 2 ml/kg for 2-3 sec. Ultravist was found to have a less osmotic action on the blood osmotic status than did verograffin. The changes in the detectable major blood osmotic parameters: sodium, potassium, glucose, urea, creatine were less pronounced. Plasma osmolality was moderately increased with ultravist and much higher than its normal values with verograffin at min 1 after its administration and at hour 2 of the study. Ultravist is preferable as a radiopaque used in children with decreased renal concentrating function.
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PMID:[Ultravist - drug of choice for radioopaque studies in children with renal disfunction]. 751 23

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perinatal morbidity and mortality in all the diabetic pregnancies seen at the HGO-"LCA" from January 1992 to December 1993. In that period 186 women (mean age 31 yr) were diagnosed as having diabetes during pregnancy: 54% of them had DMG, 40% DM-II and 6% DM-I, with serum glucose concentration of 133 +/- 41 mg/dL. Neonatal morbidity was given by macrosomia (17%), prematurity (14%), hyperbilirubinemia (11%), hypoglycemia (8%), congenital malformation (6%) and hypocalcemia (4%). Perinatal mortality was 5.3%. The principal causes of maternal morbidity were preeclampsia (17%), polyhydramnios (16%), pyelonephritis (4%) and ketoacidosis (0.05%). Cesarean section was performed in 62% of all diabetic patients. There was not any maternal death. This results showed a high perinatal morbidity-mortality in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus which reclaim a better metabolic control during gestation period.
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PMID:[Perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. 778 45

Although emphysematous pyelonephritis has been recognized for more than a hundred years, the actual etiology is still unknown. Glucose fermentation has been implicated as a mechanism of gas formation. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in which real-time ultrasonography demonstrated intravascular gas bubbles originating in the involved kidney, and passing into the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Gas from the affected kidney was analyzed by chromatography; the result showed hydrogen 10.5%, carbon dioxide 39%, nitrogen 49.6% and oxygen 0.8%. The clinical presentation and the results of gas analysis implicate a critical condition that bacteria proliferated rapidly by mixed acid fermentation of glucose. Additionally, the finding of gas production and transportation could explain the previous hypothesis of gas transport. In this critical situation immediate drainage with medical intervention is indicated to treat this life threatening condition.
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PMID:Gas in hepatic veins: a rare and critical presentation of emphysematous pyelonephritis. 825 88

Six months after an attack of pyelonephritis, adnexitis and candida colpitis an 18-year-old girl developed some clouding of consciousness. On neurological examination she showed organic behavioural changes, discrete anisocoria and possible meningism. Computed tomography revealed hydrocephalus and signs of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. CSF contained 2336/3 cells, while total protein was raised to 7.0 g/l and lactate concentration to 6.85 mmol/l. Glucose concentration in CSF was 51 mg/dl and 75 mg/dl in serum. As tuberculous meningitis was suspected, treatment was started with four tuberculostatic drugs, but there was no improvement. Five weeks later microscopic CSF examination showed fungal spores and nonbranching hyphae. The maximal candida haemagglutination titre in CSF was 1:2048. CSF culture grew Candida albicans. The further course was complicated by side effects to the antimycotic drugs (amphotericin B between 4.5 and 45 mg daily; flucytosine 1.7 g four times daily) and recurrent obstruction in the ventricular system requiring repeated neurosurgical interventions. However, full cure was achieved after seven months' hospital treatment.
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PMID:[Unusual course of candidiasis of the central nervous system]. 828 77

Urinary tract infections rank first among the infections of patients with diabetes mellitus. They are encouraged by chronic hyperglycaemia and occur more frequently in diabetic women aged over 50 who suffer from disorders of the autonomic nervous system responsible for disturbances of bladder voiding. Another facilitating factor in younger women is pregnancy. Acute pyelonephritis is more dangerous than in non-diabetic populations, being often painless and therefore neglected. An unexplained blood glucose imbalance may be the only manifestation of acute pyelonephritis. In these patients, pyelonephritis is more frequently complicated by pyonephritis or papillary necrosis, both capable of threatening the patient's life or renal function. Moreover, since the diabetic kidney is exposed to a specific glomerulopathy with nephroangiosclerosis and interstitial lesions, all infections may aggravate these lesions, and they must be treated vigorously. Antibiotics may be less effective due to reduction of their tissue levels, and relapses, more frequent and resistant to treatment, may call for prophylactic treatment in certain patients. This is why urinary tract infections must be detected systematically and with a frequency which depends on the presence or absence of facilitating factors: female sex, age, neuropathy, mechanical causes and pregnancy. Using dipsticks that detect urinary leucocytes and nitrates makes detection easier and less costly.
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PMID:[Acute pyelonephritis in diabetic patients]. 837 19

Diabetic nephropathy is the third cause of renal failure after pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. Lately, many efforts have been made for the early identification (on the silent stage) of patients with a high risk of developing this disease. On these initial stages, therapeutic attitude has changed very much, emphasizing nowadays the importance of glucose levels control, avoiding maintained conditions of hyperglycemia and maintaining blood pressure within the limits, by using the therapeutic store available, basically calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
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PMID:[Considerations on the treatment of incipient diabetic nephropathy (lst of 2 parts)]. 944 91


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