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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Case report on a 35-year-old female patient with life-threatening respiratory insufficiency in extreme hypopotassemia with unclear genesis. A simultaneously existing systemic acidosis and alkaline urine render a secondary tubular acidosis as a sequel of a symptom-poor chronic pyelonephritis probable. Ascertainment by ammonium chloride load. Discussion of the most essential causes of a hypotassemia and emphasizing of a consequent antibiotic sanation also of asymptomatic bacteriurias. It is referred to the necessity of a highly dosed long-term potassium substitution.
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PMID:[Renal potassium-loss syndrome as origin of extreme hypokalemia]. 66 10

Growth of Corynebacterium renale in vitro on low-iron medium (1.34 micron) was only slightly less than that on high-iron media (7.16 and 9.85 micron). However, studies on C. renale-induced pyelonephritis using the rat as an experimental model revealed that C. renale cultivated in high-iron media was capable of producing pyelonephritis, but when grown on low-iron medium, these bacteria were noninfective. This apparent avirulence of the bacteria cultivated on low levels of iron could be reversed by injecting the rats intramuscularly with ferric ammonium citrate.
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PMID:Influence of iron on Corynebacterium renale-induced pyelonephritis in a rat experimental model. 68 35

A metabolic study was performed in 28 patients with bilateral recurrent calcium-containing renal staghorn calculi and chronic pyelonephritis ("obstructive nephropathy"). Fourteen had normal GFR and 14 mild renal insufficiency. Ten normal subjects were used as controls. Under basal conditions, polyuria and negative sodium balance were commonly observed in patients with obstructive nephropathy and normal renal function. After an acute acid load (NH4Cl) an acidifying defect, i.e. high values for urine pH and reduced excretion of titratable acid and ammonium, was observed in 64% of patients with normal GFR and in 71.4% of those with renal insufficiency. During intravenous infusion with neutral sodium phosphate, the urine pH changed little but the rate of excretion of titratable acid increased in direct proportion to that of urinary phosphate in both groups of patients. These results, associated with the finding of normal blood pH in almost all patients, lead to the conclusion that an incomplete Type 1 or "distal" renal tubular acidosis is a frequent complication of obstructive nephropathy secondary to bilateral nephrolithiasis. The anatomical abnormalities of renal tubules and collecting ducts and the superimposed interstitial nephritis might be the pathogenetic factors responsible for the acidifying defect and for the impairment in sodium and water conservation.
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PMID:Renal tubular defects in recurring bilateral nephrolithiasis. 95 42

Haematogenous pyelonephritis was induced in rabbits using Escherichia coli 06:K13:H1 bacteria and the amounts and avidities of antibodies to the 06 antigen were analysed by the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique of Farr. In a group of six animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1, five developed pyelonephritis and one pyelitis, as determined by histological examination. All aminals showed a considerable antibody response to E. coli 06 antigen during the infection. The animal with pyelitis gave a slightly smaller response than the others. The antibody avidity showed a pronounced variation. In a second group of six rabbits not preimmunized, five animals developed pyelonephritis. The titres of antibodies against E. coli 06 antigen increased during the infection inall of the six animals. However, the increase was significantly smaller than for the animals preimmunized with E. coli 02:K2ab:H1 (P smaller than 0.01). The pattern of the antibody avidities in this group was also heterogenous. The results are consistent with previous findings that exposure to serologically heterologous E. coli bacteria can enhance the development of the homologous antibody titres. This could be of relevance for serological diagnostic work as well as in the determination of the protective capacity of the antibody.
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PMID:Experimental Escherichia coli O6 pyelonephritis in rabbits. Effect on O6 antibody quantity and avidity of prior immunization with E. coli O2 bacteria. 109 66

The antibody amounts and avidities were analyzed in 13 patients with acute primary pyelonephritis, 11 patients with acute primary cystitis, and one with ureterocele and recurrent infections, using the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique. The ASP titrations did not discriminate as well between pyelonephritis and cystitis as do the determinations with the indirect hemagglutination technique. The increase of antibody titer and avidity detected by the ASP method in some of the cystitis patients suggested a deeper tissue involvement in some cases resulting in antibodies demonstrable with this technique. Since control patients also showed a somewhat heterogenous antibody response regarding titer and avidity it cannot be excluded that stimulation by Escherichia coli antigens in the gut is detected by the ASP method.
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PMID:Amount and avidity of antibody to Escherichia coli O antigen measured with the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique in children with urinary tract infections. 110 May 27

The authors report about 12 cases of long ureteral calculi, 16 to 39 mm in size, observed over 10 years. They were all made of a mixture of ammonium-magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphocarbonate. Infection was the revealing symptom, either in the form of simple bacteriuria or as acute pyelonephritis or sepsis. These calculi, found in a lumbar or pelvic location, were very long, radiopaque but with a moderate radiological density, homogeneous and have regular contours. They were straight, sometimes slightly bent, rarely (one case out of 12) arciform. In 11 of 12 cases, the affected patient was female. In most cases, the urine was infected by Proteus mirabilis. In spite of their size, the calculi caused total obstruction in 3 of 12 cases only. They were or were not associated to ipsilateral coral calculi of the same chemical type. Destruction was easily achieved with physical agents. The etiological, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of these calculi give them a specific place among ammonium-magnesium phosphate calculi.
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PMID:[Long ureteral ammonium-magnesium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phospho-carbonate calculi]. 180 76

The use of intestinal segments in the reconstruction of the urinary tract for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant conditions is generally accepted. Metabolic derangements may result any time urine is in contact with the intestinal mucosa. Numerous studies concerning the pathophysiology of this syndrome have demonstrated that it is in large part secondary to reabsorption of urinary acid as ammonium and, to a lesser degree, to bicarbonate secretion into the urine. The syndrome of metabolic acidosis resulting from urinary diversion has been most common after ureterosigmoidostomy, often in the setting of renal insufficiency secondary to pyelonephritis and obstruction. It became a lesser clinical problem with the popularization and frequent use of conduit urinary diversions. At present, with a greater emphasis on the construction of large-capacity continent urinary diversions, there is an increased likelihood of metabolic derangements, especially in the setting of renal insufficiency. Furthermore, although the reported incidence of clinically problematic metabolic derangements is low with the newer modes of continent urinary diversion, it is impossible to assess the significance of a mild or asymptomatic acidosis, which may occur even in the setting of normal serum electrolytes. Only with close long-term follow-up can the significance of this change be determined.
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PMID:Metabolic consequences of urinary diversion through intestinal segments. 194 4

The first of the three groups of rats was taken as a control and the other two groups were injected with high (15 mg/kg) and low (5 mg/kg) doses of ferric ammonium citrate given intramuscularly twice daily for 5 days. Pyelonephritis was produced in all groups by intravenous inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus. Serum and urine of each rat was collected periodically and their iron content was determined. The severity of pyelonephritis was evaluated by determination of bacterial growth and pathological lesions in kidneys after 10 days of bacterial inoculation. The results showed that parenteral iron administration markedly aggravated pyelonephritis development in rats. But there was no significant difference in the severity of pyelonephritis between rats treated with high or low iron doses.
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PMID:The effect of parenteral iron administration on the development of Staphylococcus aureus-induced experimental pyelonephritis in rats. 240 Jul 38

The effect of water restriction and ammonium chloride acidosis on the course of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis was determined in the nonobstructed kidney of the rat. To alter the chemical composition of the renal medulla, water intake was reduced in rats to one-half the normal daily intake. Water restriction increased the incidence of coliform pyelonephritis. Systemic acidosis, produced by giving a 300 mM solution of ammonium chloride, increased urinary osmolality to values comparable to water restriction and also predisposed to pyelonephritis. However, when rats were fed the same solution of ammonium chloride but were allowed access to tap water ad lib., urinary osmolality values were comparable to those observed in normal animals, and susceptibility to pyelonephritis was reduced or eliminated despite a degree of systemic acidosis similar to that observed in rats fed ammonium chloride solution without access to tap water. These results suggest that water diuresis may overcome the inactivation of complement produced by ammonium chloride acidosis and that renal medullary hypertonicity, produced by either water restriction or ammonium chloride acidosis, is a major determinant of this tissue's unique susceptibility to infection.
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PMID:Water, acidosis, and experimental pyelonephritis. 490 27

The local immune response to pili of Escherichia coli O6:K13:H1 was determined in experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis in rabbits. Pili purified from sheared cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation were found to be pure by electron microscopy and negative for lipopolysaccharide by limulus lysate assay. Antipilus antibody was detected in serum and newly synthesized protein from infected animals with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum and local (intrarenal) antibodies were of the immunoglobulin G class, were detectable by day 20 of infection, and persisted though 250 days of infection. These data suggest that pili are present on the organism at the site of infection, since they induce the local synthesis of antipilus antibody in experimental pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Local immune response to Escherichia coli pili in experimental pyelonephritis. 611 36


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