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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

These studies address infection risk of allogeneic transfusion in an untraumatized, nonseptic rodent model. A' Segaloff Cancer Institute rats served as blood donors and Lewis rats as recipients. Lewis rats' delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and their ability to clear subdermal Staphylococcus aureus abscesses and Candida albicans pyelonephritis were measured as tests of the effect of transfusions. The effect of pharmacological immunosuppression with either cortisone acetate or cyclosporine provided a "yardstick" to measure the magnitude of transfusion effects. Repeated transfusions at 1-week intervals diminished DTH response to recall antigens (keyhole limpet hemocyanin), but otherwise they showed no evidence of immunosuppression in these experiments. In contrast, we found that transfusions by themselves produced mild immunostimulation. Subcutaneous Staphylococcus abscesses were smaller in animals receiving transfusions. The magnitude of immunostimulation from one transfusion was sufficient to reverse the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine by about 50% in a Candida pyelonephritis infection. These studies suggest that blood transfusions have complex interactions with different components of the immune response. T-cell function is impaired by repeated transfusions (diminished DTH response), but other inflammatory responses are accentuated. This suggests that blood transfusions may harm immune response in traumatized animals by causing excessive complement activation or cytokine release.
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PMID:Variable infection risk following allogeneic blood transfusions. 233 15

Repetitive topical applications of 2 micrograms 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) twice weekly for 37 to 52 weeks induced a sustained epidermal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of hair follicles, and increased dermal cellularity in SENCAR mice. In addition, after 52 weeks of protracted promoter treatment most animals developed generalized amyloidosis involving liver and spleen, as well as interstitial nephritis. Severe pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis were also frequently seen. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was also a frequent finding. Chronic administration of TPA is not an innocuous treatment affecting only the interfollicular epidermis. The general effect of the promoter on the animals was a marked decrease in their longevity, probably through impairment of the immune system.
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PMID:Effects of chronic topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the skin and internal organs of SENCAR mice. 378 Jun 35

1-N[(S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-kanamycin B (habekacin), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic found in 1973 was tested for its nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in 351 female rats. Increased urinary elimination of tubule cells and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) demonstrated tubulotoxicity even at the minimal dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/d. At high dosages (100 or 50 mg/kg/d) habekacin produced more tubule damage than dibekacin. At lower dosages (20, 10 or 5 mg/kg/d) both aminoglycosides showed similar effects. Additionally, possible glomerular lesions were found at high dosages (100 mg/kg/d) as indicated by proteinuria, CAF (cellulose acetate foil)-electrophoresis of the urinary protein and raised albumin/globulin ratio. - Pharmacological studies revealed serum concentrations similar to dibekacin, in renal tissue, however, the concentrations of habekacin were much higher than those of dibekacin. - In experimental E. coli pyelonephritis, 9 single doses of habekacin or dibekacin (5 mg/kg) given prophylactically reduced the bacterial counts significantly; a single dose of the antibiotics (5 mg/kg) was slightly effective.
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PMID:Habekacin: nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in rats. 391 52

A case report of a 26-year old woman on chronic hemodialysis for pyelonephritis who took 10 mg of norethisterone acetate daily for suppression of menstruation. 1 week before admission colic-like pains appeared in right upper abdominal quadrant which were relieved by spasmolytics. Laboratory parameters (except those related to renal insufficiency), physical examination, x-rays of chest, stomach and biliary tract showed no abnormalities. Sonography revealed various round space-occupying lesions in the lower liver lobe. Before further studies could be initiated and following a hemodialysis session patient died of an intrahepatic hemorrhage confirmed by ultra-sonic and CAT-scan. Autopsy showed a large hematoma with more than 700 ml coagulated blood which caused rupture of the right liver lobe. Round adenomas were found in both lobes. The relationship between oral contraceptives and primary liver adenomas in young women without previous liver disease has been reported in the literature since 1973. 200 cases were found in the literature since 1977. Although mostly estrogens are blamed for liver adenomas, in this case it was a pure progestogen preparation. In another study of women with primary liver adenomas only 1 in 100 women used a pure progestin contraceptive. A relationship between androgens or anabolic steroids has been found in a number of case reports in the literature. It can be assumed that both combination preparations with estrogen components, and pure progestin preparations play a similar role in the pathogenesis of benign liver tumors.
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PMID:[Primary adenoma of the liver with spontaneous rupture following long-term intake of gestagens. Case report]. 634 51

We studied the nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis, an anaerobic animal pathogen that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in pigs. Peptone-yeast extract-starch (PYS) medium, which contained Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems), yeast extract, starch, minerals, cysteine, and sodium carbonate, was shown to support excellent growth of this organism (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.8). Growth was considerably less (absorbance at 600 nm = 0.6) when the starch in the medium was replaced by maltose. Formate, acetate, and ethanol were the major products of fermentation of starch or maltose. The organism appears to require a fermentable carbohydrate for growth since the deletion of starch from PYS resulted in a negligible amount of growth. Growth decreased by approximately 20% when CO2 was rigorously excluded from PYS minus Na2CO3. The deletion of only yeast extract from PYS resulted in a decrease in growth of about 75%, and the simultaneous deletion of both yeast extract and Trypticase resulted in negligible growth. When the yeast extract in PYS was replaced by a defined mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases, vitamins, and amino acids, growth was greater than or equal to 80% that observed in PYS. The deletion of Trypticase from this medium resulted in no detectable growth, suggesting a possible peptide requirement for E. suis growth. Good growth (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.4) was obtained when adenine and uracil were substituted for the mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases in modified PYS; the substitution of pyridoxal, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid for the vitamin mixture gave comparable growth. The nutritional requirement of E. suis apparently reflect the fact that the organism adapts to its natural niche by doing away with certain biosynthetic capabilities which it does not seem to require.
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PMID:Nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis. 680 18

Renal scarring is considered to develop in the later stages of chronic pyelonephritis. In our experimental model of pyelonephritis, bacteria with mannose-sensitive (MS) pili on their surface promoted renal scarring following inoculation into the renal parenchyma. The administration of cyclophosphamide to induce leukopenia and of superoxide dismutase to inactivate superoxide released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at the infection site suppressed any renal scarring following the infection. Conversely, the administration of phorbol myristate acetate at an early stage of infection significantly enhanced the renal scarring. These findings suggest that the PMNs which infiltrate the infection site and the superoxide they release play an important role in any renal scarring following infection with MS-piliated bacteria.
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PMID:Renal scarring is enhanced by phorbol myristate acetate following infection with bacteria with mannose-sensitive pili. 793 44

Hyperosmolarity in the renal medulla inhibits host defenses against bacterial pyelonephritis. Urea and NaCl contribute most to high osmolarity in the renal medulla. We therefore examined the inhibitory mechanism of urea on superoxide generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxide production was inhibited by high concentration of urea. This inhibition was found to be direct and immediate. In addition, direct inactivation of NADPH oxidase, the key enzyme complex of superoxide generation, was shown by an NADPH oxidase activity assay using cell lysates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. The inhibitory effect of urea on NADPH oxidase was reversed by washing urea out of the assay system of cell lysates. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity by urea showed decreased Vmax and Km, suggesting uncompetitive inhibition. These findings suggested that urea inactivated polymorphonuclear leukocyte superoxide production through a direct and uncompetitive inhibition of NADPH oxidase.
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PMID:Direct inactivation of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte by hyperosmotic urea comparable to the renal medulla. 838 Nov 92

Administration of progestins in the dog may result in overproduction of growth hormone, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and insulin resistance. In this paper we present a comparison of the histological findings in control dogs and dogs treated with either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or proligestone (PROL). Depot preparations of MPA or PROL were administered (SC) at 3-week intervals in two groups of seven ovariohysterectomized beagle dogs, after which three dogs of each group were killed. After a 6-month period without hormone treatment during which recovery was studied, the remaining dogs received five additional injections at the same interval and were subsequently killed. Tissue samples of four intact female beagle dogs served as controls. Progestin treatment resulted in atrophy of the adrenal cortex. In both MPA- and PROL-treated dogs, the thickness of the combined zona fasciculata and reticularis was significantly smaller than in control animals. In the mammary glands of progestin-treated dogs there were well developed alveoli and normal ducts adjacent to foci of hyperplastic ductular epithelium. Five dogs in each treatment group had developed benign mammary tumours which varied from simple tubular and papillary adenomas to benign complex and mixed tumours, whereas no mammary tumours were observed in the control animals. In each treatment group, steroid-induced hepatopathy was observed in the liver of three dogs. Vacuolation of the cells of the islets of Langerhans and the epithelium of the intercalated ducts was present in two dogs of each treatment group and was only observed after the second series of progestin administrations. Incidental findings included chronic pyelonephritis, aspecific dermatitis, and mucinous dysplasia of the gall bladder. No abnormalities were found in sections of spleen, lung, brain, or pituitary gland. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the various abnormalities between MPA- and PROL-treated dogs. Our findings correspond with the clinical and biochemical results after treatment of dogs with MPA and PROL. The high incidence of mammary tumours might be associated with our recent finding that in the dog progestins induce ectopic production of growth hormone in the mammary gland. The dog might be a good model for further studies on hormonally induced breast cancers.
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PMID:Comparison of the histological changes in the dog after treatment with the progestins medroxyprogesterone acetate and proligestone. 875 Dec 73

Rats immunosuppressed by hydrocortisone acetate and a low protein diet were challenged with Cryptosporidium Parvum oocysts and studied on days 10, 35 and 70 post-infection. The biliary tract was found to be a major site of parasite infection. C. parvum was visible in the biliary papillary area in association with a proliferation of highly convoluted tubular glands. The papillary lumen was narrowed, and an upstream dilation with bacterial proliferation was seen. The liver was initially free of lesions, and subsequently exhibited late lesions of cholestasis. Parasites were not found in the pancreatic duct, although pancreatitis was frequently observed. Oocysts were consistently present in the distal portion of the ileum. Both challenged and unchallenged immunosuppressed rats, exhibited widespread focal hepatic infarcts and pyelonephritis. Other organs appeared free of lesions. In addition to the intestine, data identified the biliary tract as a major site of C. parvum infection and as a potential protected reservoir which may sustain a chronic infection.
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PMID:Biliary tract cryptosporidiosis immunosuppressed rat model. 919 92

Analysis of the changes in the levels of total prostatic specific antigen (t-PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) shows that the patient's age, size of the prostatic gland and chronic bacterial prostatitis influence the levels of t-PSA but have no effect on the levels of PSA-ACT. The relationship between the levels of t-PSA and age in BPH patients is explained by growing mass of benign hyperplasia causing mechanical load on the intact prostatic tissue. The maximal concentration of t-PSA of 8.7 +/- 1.22 ng/ml was observed in BPH patients at the age of 61-70 years. BPH stages, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, chronic renal failure are not essential for t-PSA and PSA-ACT and can be neglected in interpretation of t-PSA values in BPH patients.
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PMID:[Changes in the levels of prostate-specific antigen and its molecular forms with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. 972 19


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