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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The affinity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to kidneys and bladders of experimentally infected mice was shown to be determined in part by the adhesive properties of the infecting bacteria. Mice were infected with various pairwise combinations of two homogeneic sets of bacteria: (i) mutants derived from a human pyelonephritis E. coli isolate which were selected to express either or both adhesins specific for globoseries glycolipid receptors or for "mannosides"; and (ii) transformants of a normal fecal isolate which harbored recombinant plasmids encoding the genes for one or the other adhesin or which harbored only the vector plasmid. The relative efficiency of survival of the strains to be compared was evaluated in each animal by plating on selective media of samples of homogenized kidneys and bladders taken 24 h after intravesical inoculation. The presence of adhesins specific for globoseries glycolipid receptors, which mediate the in vitro mannose-resistant attachment to human and mouse uroepithelial cells, enhanced bacterial recovery from both kidneys and bladders of infected animals. The addition to the infecting strain of adhesins binding mannoside residues further improved bacterial recovery from the bladder, but not from the kidney. The mutants and transformants with adhesins binding only mannosides were recovered in higher numbers from the bladder than those expressing adhesins specific for the globoseries glycolipids only. There was apparent selection in vivo decreasing expression of mannoside binding adhesins in the kidneys, but not in the bladders, of animals infected with the mutant expressing both types of adhesins. Regardless of adhesive properties, the mutants of the pyelonephritis isolate were recovered in significantly higher numbers than the fecal isolate with adhesins encoded on recombinant plasmids. We conclude that the adhesive properties in part determine the localization and retention of bacteria in the mouse urinary tract. However, the addition of adhesins to a commensal E. coli strain was not sufficient to confer colonization capacity comparable to that of a pyelonephritis strain.
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PMID:Contribution of adhesion to bacterial persistence in the mouse urinary tract. 613 70

The species, individual and tissue specificity of bacterial binding reactions was studied using wild-type E. coli strains from diarrhoea or urinary tract infection, and derivatives with genetically manipulated adhesins. E. coli J96 and GR12 were isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis; E. coli strains expressing the CFAI and II antigens from the stools of patients with diarrhoea. E. coli J96, GR12 and CFAI induced mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes; E. coli J96 and GR12 in addition carried mannose-sensitive adhesins. Mutants of GR12 with either or both of these adhesins were obtained through chemical mutagenesis. Cloning of 6-8 mdal fragments of chromosomal DNA from J96 into E. coli K12 resulted in expression of pili and binding properties in the previously non-piliated and non-binding strain. Bacterial binding was registered to target cells from different human tissues; small intestinal brush borders, uroepithelial and buccal cells and erythrocytes and was compared between species using rabbit intestinal brush borders, mouse bladder cells and guinea pig erythrocytes. Individual variation was illustrated by agglutination of human P1 erythrocytes and those of blood group p lacking the globoseries glycolipid receptors. Specific recognition of globoseries glycolipid receptors was defined as capacity to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes after but not before coating with globotetraosylceramide. Binding specific for mannose-containing receptors was diagnosed by mannose-reversible agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. The binding pattern of the wild-type strains was related to the site of infection, i.e. the CFAI and II strains bound to small intestinal brush borders and the pyelonephritogenic E. coli to uroepithelial cells, but not vice versa. The mutants and clones retained the binding properties of the parent/donor both in degree and specificity of binding. Strains with adhesins specific for globoseries glycolipids attached to human uroepithelia, mouse uroepithelial and buccal cells. Within the group of strains with mannose-sensitive adhesins heterogeneity was observed. Strains sharing ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes to a mannose-reversible manner bound or did not bind to human buccal cells, to human uroepithelial cells and agglutinated or did not agglutinate human erythrocytes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of genetic technology in the study of bacterial binding reactions. The role of pili as adhesins is discussed.
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PMID:Target cell specificity of wild-type E. coli and mutants and clones with genetically defined adhesins. 614 Jul 5

Bacteria representing eight genera of the Enterobacteriaceae were collected from human extraintestinal infections and examined to determine whether they contained gene sequences necessary for expression of a pili type often associated with bacteria causing human pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli isolated from most of the extraintestinal sites were frequently found to possess pap-related DNA sequences. Isolates which possessed these sequences were often found to exhibit D-mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and to have surface antigens related to P pili.
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PMID:Frequency of gene sequences necessary for pyelonephritis-associated pili expression among isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from human extraintestinal infections. 614 99

The fitness between bacterial adhesins and target cell receptors, determining bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in urinary tract infections, was shown to influence also the interaction with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Two sets of homogenic strains, constructed to express either, both, or none of the globotetraosylceramide-sensitive (GS) adhesins specific for globoseries glycolipid receptors or the mannose-sensitive (MS) adhesins inhibited by alpha-methyl mannoside were compared regarding charge, hydrophobicity, and binding to PMNL. The mutants of a hydrophilic pyelonephritis strain required MS adhesins for binding to and activation of the PMNL. Removal of the MS adhesins from the mutant carrying both MS and GS adhesins abolished chemiluminescence and binding. A pronounced chemiluminescence reaction was induced by the hydrophobic strain without GS or MS adhesins . Transformants of this strain expressing the MS adhesin bound to and activated the PMNL. Poor binding and activation were found with mutants and transformants carrying only the GS adhesins . The improved reactivity after coating of the PMNL with the appropriate receptor glycolipid supported the previously reported absence of globoseries glycolipids in those cells as the reason for the refractoriness to bacteria with GS adhesins . The mechanism of binding, which improves epithelial cell adhesion, may prevent binding to PMNL, thus improving the survival of Escherichia coli in the kidney.
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PMID:Influence of adhesins on the interaction of Escherichia coli with human phagocytes. 614 36

A chromosomal DNA fragment which mediates Pap (pili associated with pyelonephritis) pili formation, mannose-resistant hemagglutination ( MRHA ) and binding to uroepithelial cells has been isolated from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolate J96 , and genetically studied. Analysis of polypeptides expressed by the Pap DNA led to detection of a number of polypeptides ranging in mol. wt. from 13 000 to 81 000 daltons. The gene order and transcriptional orientation for four of the corresponding cistrons was: 13 000 ( papB ) 19 500 ( papA , structural gene for the Pap pilus subunit), 81 000 ( papC ) and 28 500 ( papD ). Analyses of a lacZ- papA gene fusion located a promoter upstream from papA within the cloned DNA. Transposon Tn5 insertions in any of these four cistrons decreased or eliminated Pap pili formation. A number of transposon Tn5 mutations were identified in a region distal to papD that expressed normal levels of the papA protein on the cell surface in the form of recognizable pili structures but did not agglutinate human erythrocytes or adhere to uroepithelial cells. This region expressed polypeptides of 15 000, 24 000, 26 000 and 35 000 daltons. This finding shows that Pap pili formation and binding properties can be genetically dissociated.
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PMID:Mutations in E coli cistrons affecting adhesion to human cells do not abolish Pap pili fiber formation. 614 89

Thirty-two Escherichia coli strains from 30 children with pyelonephritis were examined for their haemagglutination patterns and O and K serotypes. 29 (91%) of the strains showed mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA). By use of well-defined target cells, these MRHA+ strains could be shown to recognise human cells either in a P-specific manner (recognising a specific galactosyl-galactose structure which is part of P blood groups antigens) or in a separate, X-specific manner. Both recognition mechanisms could occur separately or together on the same bacteria, the frequencies of P and X specificity being 81 and 19%, respectively. Both MRHA and P specificity were significantly associated with the O antigens 01, 04, 06, 016, and 018, and the capsular antigen K1, which have previously been associated with pyelonephritis. However, the association of MRHA and P specificity with upper urinary tract infection in children is greater than that of any other laboratory-defined bacterial characteristic.
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PMID:Mannose-resistant haemagglutination and P antigen recognition are characteristic of Escherichia coli causing primary pyelonephritis. 617 96

In contrast to healthy persons, microvillous antigens of the proximal tubule were excreted at an increased rate in patients with kidney diseases as could be shown using specific antisera against brush border (BB) fragments (tissue-proteinuria, histuria). These urinary membrane components were immunologically completely identical with those antigens prepared from isolated kidney cell membranes. A glycoprotein of 240 000 dalton, containing mannose and N-acetylglucosamine was identified as a major immunoreactive constituent of the brush border surface and found to be part of a multienzyme complex. BB-antigens were excreted in urine of patients with glomerulonephritis, hypertension, pyelonephritis, multiple myeloma, after operations, after kidney transplantation, under cytostatic treatment, and after administration of radiopaque agents. Histuria of BB-antigens was significantly higher in patients with multiple myeloma and Bence-Jones-proteinuria compared to those patients where no Bence-Jones L-chains in urine became apparent. Selective kidney angiography and intravenous urography caused a significantly higher output of BB-antigens as compared to the control period (2 p less than 0,005). In a volunteer model, on the basis of BB-histuria, a different nephrotoxic potency of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides arose. In addition, beside soluble BB-antigens, also high molecular weight membrane vesicles were discovered in urine of patients after cytostatic treatment (cis-platinum), after x-ray contrast media, and after kidney transplantation. Both, soluble as well as supramolecular membrane vesicles were isolated from urine applying immunospecific affinity chromatography (anti-BS-agarose beads). Labeled antisera directed against the vesicle material of urine revealed a specific immunofluorescence of cortical tubule only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunodiagnosis of kidney tubular cell injuries using specific anti-membrane antibodies]. 638 21

Different serogroups of Escherichia coli strains originating from faeces (patients with enteritis 244, healthy individuals 225), urine (pyelonephritis 111, cystitis 130, asymptomatic bacteriuria 59) and other extraintestinal sources (blood 30, cerebrospinal fluid 15, wound 13, autopsy material 9, umbilicus 8, vagina 20, throat 13 and nose swabs 5) were examined for mannose resistant haemagglutination of human A erythrocytes (MRHA hum.). The most frequent serogroups were O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O18 and O75 uniformly among faecal (26.5%), urinary (34%) and other extraintestinal (57.9%) strains. Haemagglutinating activity was significantly more frequent in these serogroups than in others (p less than 0.001). There was no significant association between MRHA positivity and origin of the serogroups. It has been concluded that MRHA hum. property of an E. coli strain depends on its serogroup rather than its origin. As these serogroups are the most frequent in the intestinal flora, it is assumed that their physiological function is to colonize the bowel and their pathological significance is to provide a source for extraintestinal infection.
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PMID:Virulence factors of Escherichia coli. I. Mannose resistant haemagglutinating capacity is associated with serogroup but not with site of infection. 639 81

Biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate cofactors essential for bacterial growth and survival is blocked by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. An intravenous form of the antimicrobial combination has recently been approved for the treatment of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infections, shigellosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim has emerged as an invaluable agent for the management of selected infections, including bacterial meningitis and Salmonella bacteremia, where limited therapeutic alternatives exist. In addition, co-administration of intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with a carboxypenicillin provides an empiric treatment for the infected granulocytopenic patient that compares favorably with standard combinations. Adverse events unique to the intravenous form of the drug consist of phlebitis and fluid imbalances. Fluid overload results from the relatively large volumes of 5% dextrose solution required as diluent.
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PMID:Intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim: pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indications, and adverse reactions. 698 49

The capacity of 453 Escherichia coli strains to agglutinate erythrocytes and yeast cells and to attach to human urinary tract epithelial cells was tested. The strains were isolated from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria and from the stools of healthy school children. Three main patterns of hemagglutination were found: (i) mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or simultaneously with mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes; (ii) only mannose-sensitive agglutination of guinea pig and other erythrocytes; and (iii) no agglutination. Strains with mannose-resistant agglutination of human erythrocytes alone or in combination with mannose-sensitive hemagglutination attached in high numbers to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Bacteria inducing only mannose-sensitive hemagglutination attached in low numbers, and non-agglutinating strains did not bind to the urinary tract epithelial cells. The bacterial surface antigen(s) mediating mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells may be one factor selecting for E. coli from among the fecal flora which infect the urinary tract. The highest proportion of strains with this property was found among acute pyelonephritis isolates (77%), and the lowest proportion of strains with this property was found among normal fecal E. coli (16%).
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PMID:Adhesion, hemagglutination, and virulence of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections. 701 12


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