Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mast cells have become a recent concern in the nephrological world. The development of antibodies to mast cell-specific enzymes, tryptase and chymase, has facilitated the study of mast cells in the kidney. Now, they are investigated immunohistochemically as well as histochemically. There are three types of human mast cells, MC(T), which contains exclusively tryptase, MC(TC), which has both tryptase and chymase, and MC(C), which contains only chymase. Many immunohistochemical studies involving mast cells have been conducted through the use of renal biopsy specimens. As a result, human renal diseases including various glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis are found to have increased the number of mast cells in the renal cortex, especially in the area of fibrosis. The relationship between the number of mast cells and the prognosis of renal diseases has been proved to be significantly correlated in many reports. The subtypes of mast cells in these diseases are variably present, and no tendency of subtype specificity has been found. With the use of electron microscopically, mast cells are observed to be in contact with other interstitial cells or to infiltrate into tubules. Functionally, human renal mast cells resemble lung mast cells. Inhibitory substances for mast cell proliferation have been found in the mouse kidney. Compared with the results of human studies, mast cells are not found in the interstitum in animal models of renal diseases, except in a few transgenic mouse models and magnesium-deficient rats. Little is known about the exact roles that mast cells play in the renal interstitium. Future studies will hopefully make their characteristics clear.
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PMID:Mast cells in the kidney. 1501 29

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical relevance of hydrodistention under anesthesia for patients having urgency and/or lower abdominal pain who were clinically diagnosed as having interstitial cystitis (IC) from May 1996 to May 2005. Their symptoms were refractory to anticholinergic or antiinflammatory agents. Hydrodistention was performed under general or spinal anesthesia with direct vision by cystoscopy and irrigation fluid was instilled into the bladder at a pressure of 80 cmH2O. Cystoscopic findings revealed glomerulation in 26 patients (96%), cracking in 10 (37%) and Hunner's ulcer in 3. Twenty-four patients (89%) obtained improvement of the objective symptoms after treatment. However, symptoms soon deteriorated in 16 patients, and the average duration of efficacy was only 4.7 months (SD; +/-3.7). There were two episodes of complication in this treatment. Bladder rupture occurred during hydrodistention, but was successfully managed with simple percutaneous perivesical drainage. One patient with acute pyelonephritis was treated with an antimicrobial agent without any additional treatment. Although bladder specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry, tryptase and c-kit were not linked with the mast cell count, severity of symptoms or treatment efficacy. Hydrodistention of the bladder may be recommended as the first treatment choice for patients with IC because it provides relatively high efficacy. However, the short duration of the efficacy requires a second-line treatment option for better management of patients with IC.
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PMID:[Hydrodistention of the bladder in patients with interstitial cystitis--clinical efficacy and its association with immunohistochemical findings for bladder tissues]. 1713 63