Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 116 patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis and in 66 healthy persons the total proteolytic, trypsin-like, catheptic, BAEE-esterase activities and the content of trypsin inhibitor were determined in blood serum and kidney tissue. The total proteolytic and catheptic activities were distinctly increased in blood serum and, especially, in kidney tissue under acute pyelonephritis. In chronic pyelonephritis the activity of cathepsins was decreased in blood serum. The trypsin-like activity tended to decrease both in blood serum and kidney. The BAEE-esterase activity was increased in kidney, particularly in acute pyelonephritis, but in blood serum it was decreased. The inhibitor of trypsin was not found in kidney; in blood serum its content was slightly increased in acute pyelonephritis but there were only slight alterations in the chronic disease.
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PMID:[Activity of proteolytic enzymes and trypsin inhibitor in blood serum and kidney in pyelonephritis]. 121 70

Syngeneic Fischer rat kidneys repeatedly injected with lipid A induced a cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. To test for antibodies in the serum of immunized animals, we disaggregated syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells with collagenase and trypsin and established them in short-term culture. Cultured kidney tubule cells were then radiolabeled 24 hours later with chromium 51 and cultured for an additional 24 hours. Rabbit antirat kidney tubule cell antibody served as the positive control antisera in a complement-dependent antibody cytotoxicity assay. Serum samples from animals whose kidneys were innoculated with Re glycolipid were then tested for antibody cytotoxicity. Autoantibody to syngeneic cultured kidney tubule cells was presented in the serum from these animals (P less than 0.01) as well as in the serum of animals injected i.p. with Re glycolipid when compared with saline controls. The cytotoxic antibody could be removed by absorbing with syngeneic cultured kidney tubule cell membranes. These results suggest that the glycolipid from the mutant strain Re 595 of Salmonella minnesota stimulates a crossreactive antibody to cultured rat kidney tubular cells. The methodology used in these experiments provides an in vitro models for investigating the importance of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Lipid A induction of cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. 723 Jun 15

We showed previously that large numbers of T lymphocytes accumulate within a few days in the kidneys of rats with ascending pyelonephritis induced with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CD4+ T cells propagated from the lesions exhibited MHC-restricted proliferative responses to formalin-fixed bacteria of the species used to induce infection. In the present study we investigated further the nature of the antigens responsible for the T cell proliferation and studied the ability of different bacterial strains and species to produce proliferative responses. We found that heat-killed bacteria were more stimulatory than formalin-fixed bacteria, and that soluble supernatants of heat-killed organism were also effective. The stimulatory effects of supernatants were destroyed by trypsin and the responses were MHC-restricted. Twelve different E. coli strains, with or without characteristics of uropathogenicity in humans, were all highly stimulatory to T cells derived from a kidney infected with a single E. coli strain. Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens--species of Enterobacteriaceae closely related to E. coli--were also stimulatory, whereas more distantly related bacteria--Proteus, Morganella, and P. aeruginosa--were not. T cells propagated from kidneys infected with P. aeruginosa responded to supernatants of this organism, but not to E. coli supernatants. We conclude that a protein antigen (or antigens) shared by strains of E. coli and related Enterobacteriaceae, but not by other gram-negative bacteria, produce MHC-restricted proliferative responses of CD4+ T cells that infiltrate rat kidneys infected with E. coli.
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PMID:T lymphocyte responses to antigens of gram-negative bacteria in pyelonephritis. 840 42

Mast cells have become a recent concern in the nephrological world. The development of antibodies to mast cell-specific enzymes, tryptase and chymase, has facilitated the study of mast cells in the kidney. Now, they are investigated immunohistochemically as well as histochemically. There are three types of human mast cells, MC(T), which contains exclusively tryptase, MC(TC), which has both tryptase and chymase, and MC(C), which contains only chymase. Many immunohistochemical studies involving mast cells have been conducted through the use of renal biopsy specimens. As a result, human renal diseases including various glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis are found to have increased the number of mast cells in the renal cortex, especially in the area of fibrosis. The relationship between the number of mast cells and the prognosis of renal diseases has been proved to be significantly correlated in many reports. The subtypes of mast cells in these diseases are variably present, and no tendency of subtype specificity has been found. With the use of electron microscopically, mast cells are observed to be in contact with other interstitial cells or to infiltrate into tubules. Functionally, human renal mast cells resemble lung mast cells. Inhibitory substances for mast cell proliferation have been found in the mouse kidney. Compared with the results of human studies, mast cells are not found in the interstitum in animal models of renal diseases, except in a few transgenic mouse models and magnesium-deficient rats. Little is known about the exact roles that mast cells play in the renal interstitium. Future studies will hopefully make their characteristics clear.
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PMID:Mast cells in the kidney. 1501 29

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical relevance of hydrodistention under anesthesia for patients having urgency and/or lower abdominal pain who were clinically diagnosed as having interstitial cystitis (IC) from May 1996 to May 2005. Their symptoms were refractory to anticholinergic or antiinflammatory agents. Hydrodistention was performed under general or spinal anesthesia with direct vision by cystoscopy and irrigation fluid was instilled into the bladder at a pressure of 80 cmH2O. Cystoscopic findings revealed glomerulation in 26 patients (96%), cracking in 10 (37%) and Hunner's ulcer in 3. Twenty-four patients (89%) obtained improvement of the objective symptoms after treatment. However, symptoms soon deteriorated in 16 patients, and the average duration of efficacy was only 4.7 months (SD; +/-3.7). There were two episodes of complication in this treatment. Bladder rupture occurred during hydrodistention, but was successfully managed with simple percutaneous perivesical drainage. One patient with acute pyelonephritis was treated with an antimicrobial agent without any additional treatment. Although bladder specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry, tryptase and c-kit were not linked with the mast cell count, severity of symptoms or treatment efficacy. Hydrodistention of the bladder may be recommended as the first treatment choice for patients with IC because it provides relatively high efficacy. However, the short duration of the efficacy requires a second-line treatment option for better management of patients with IC.
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PMID:[Hydrodistention of the bladder in patients with interstitial cystitis--clinical efficacy and its association with immunohistochemical findings for bladder tissues]. 1713 63

Clinical observation and examination of 12 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were performed. The first group (GI) included patients with exacerbation of the disease. In the comparison group (GII)- the same patients after 1.5-3 months after completion of treatment, without clinical manifestations of exacerbation of CPN. Laboratory signs of acute renal damage were not revealed in all examined patients. Additionally, urine was collected in the afternoon after Breakfast, in the form of a freely separated 2nd fraction and its sample preparation, consisting of the stages: recovery, alkylation, protein deposition and proteolysis using trypsin. The resulting polypeptide mixture was separated by liquid chromatography in three repetitions and analyzed on a system consisting of Agilent 1100 chromatograph and ltq-FT ultra hybrid mass spectrometer. A list of proteins was obtained, indicating the number of peptides by which they were identified, and the parameters of its reliability. Most of the information about the obtained proteins was obtained from UniProt databases. Identified and analyzed 10 proteins that differ significantly in occurrence in the clinical group of patients in the period of exacerbation of PN. The appearance of these proteins in urine in 1patients with exacerbation of chronic PH allows us to consider them as potential biomarkers directly associated with inflammation and damage to the epithelial lining of the renal tubules.
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PMID:[Features of the proteome of the urine in chronic pyelonephritis.] 3072 Sep 53