Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

8 patients with chronic pyelonephritis were given gentamycin intramuscularly injected in individual dosage during 8-10 days. Here the behaviour of the excretion of protein, alanine aminopeptidase alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and lysozyme with the urine was tested. With the exception of the lysozymuria, which increased only in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, regularly a hyperenzymuria developed. Most distinctly the excretion of the alanine aminopeptidase increased. After initial decrease the excretion of total protein transiently increased after completion of the gentamycin therapy. All the deviations were reversible. From the increased excretion of enzymes may not be concluded to a nephrotoxicity of gentamycin.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of therapeutic gentamycin doses on the enzyme secretion in urine]. 0 Aug 56

Aminoglycoside-induced renal damage is enhanced in animals with Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Bacterial endotoxin is liberated during antibiotic therapy. The toxic effect of endotoxin and tobramycin, alone or in combination, was investigated in primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubular cells grown to confluence in serum-free medium. Sodium-dependent uptakes of Pi and alpha-methylglucopyranoside (MGP) and enzymatic activities (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] released as a marker of cell necrosis and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT] and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG] present in the homogenate as markers of brush border membrane and lysosome integrity) were measured. Cells were exposed to (i) endotoxin (20 mg/liter), tobramycin (1 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 48 h, or (ii) endotoxin (100 mg/liter), tobramycin (4 mM), or endotoxin plus tobramycin for 72 h. Endotoxin alone did not alter Pi uptake, but tobramycin inhibited Pi uptake through a decrease in Vmax. The effect was not enhanced by the combination of endotoxin and tobramycin. Endotoxin and tobramycin alone exerted no significant effect upon MGP uptake, but strong inhibition of the Vmax was observed after exposure to a combination of endotoxin plus tobramycin, without alteration of the Km. Endotoxin decreased residual GGT activity in the cell homogenate. Tobramycin increased LDH release in the medium and NAG activity in the homogenate. Endotoxin plus tobramycin resulted in an additive effect upon LDH and NAG activities. In conclusion, by disturbing apical membrane integrity, endotoxin increased tobramycin toxicity in vitro in the absence of serum hormonal mediator.
 ...
PMID:Endotoxin-tobramycin additive toxicity on renal proximal tubular cells in culture. 167 35

Excretion patterns of kidney related urinary proteins such as lysosomal beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta NAG), brush-border Ala-(Leu-Gly)-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as of IgG, albumin, and alpha-1-microglobulin, were assessed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 53), pyelonephritis (n = 27), systemic lupus erythematodes (n = 5), and patients with essential arterial hypertension (n = 18). Excretion of tubular marker enzymes and serumproteins (related to urine creatinine concentration = protein creatinine index) in spontaneously voided second morning urine was significantly higher as compared to the controls (n = 2). Alpha-1-microglobulin was markedly elevated in both pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis indicating disturbance in tubulointerstitial handling of microglobulins also in cases with primary glomerulopathy. Rise of albumin, IgG, and alpha-1-microglobulin as well as of tubular kidney markers AAP, AP, GGT, and beta NAG in cases with arterial hypertension without preexisting nephropathy support the hypothesis of a defect in charge and size permselectivity in these patients which is probably due to an increase in glomerular capillary perfusion pressure and hyperfiltration.
 ...
PMID:Kidney- and serum derived proteins in urine of patients suffering from renal diseases or arterial hypertension. 247 9

Serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alpha-amylase clearance were determined in a total group of 90 patients of whom 60 with renal diseases and 30 with extrarenal diseases. The renal patients were distributed, according to diagnosis in the following groups: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and manifest chronic renal failure. The 30 controls were hospitalized for different extrarenal diseases such as: pneumonia, gastroduodenal ulcer, arterial hypertension stage I and angina pectoris. Serum GGTP assay was performed in 60 patients (40 renal patients and 20 controls) using Boehringer monotest kits and in 30 patients (20 renal patients and 10 controls) using Romanian kits (I.C.C.F.). No changes suggesting a particular type of nephropathy were observed. The results obtained by using the two types of kits for the serum GGTP assay have proved to be very close. Alpha-amylase clearance was determined in all the patients with Spofa (R.S.C.) tablets concomitantly with the urea and creatinine clearance. Important decreases of alpha-amylase clearance in concordance with decreases of urea and creatinine clearances were observed in all the patients with severe renal failure. More moderate decreases of alpha-amylase clearance were observed in the patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The utility of this clearance as a test of glomerular filtration and sometimes as a prognostic test, is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary clinical and methodologic observations on the determination of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and of the alpha-amylase clearance in nephropathies. 286 37

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were worked out in control, infected and immunized-infected rats. There was no significant change in the Km of all the enzymes studied in three groups. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney of infected and immunised-infected animals. However, in the right unobstructed kidney the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages in both the experimental groups. The significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the Vmax of infected and immunized-infected groups at various stages of infection revealed the partial protective role of antipili antibody against ascending pyelonephritis.
 ...
PMID:Antipili antibody affords protection against ascending pyelonephritis in rat: evaluated by renal brush border membrane enzymes. 288 98

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine-aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were used as markers for the early detection of pyelonephritis. Km of all the enzymes studied remained unaltered. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied were found to be significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney. The Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages of infection in the right unobstructed kidney. No histopathological lesions confirming pyelonephritis could be seen 7 days postinfection in the left kidney and right kidney remained histopathologically unaltered. This demonstrated that BBM enzymes are much earlier disturbed as compared to histopathological changes.
 ...
PMID:New sensitive markers for the detection of experimental ascending pyelonephritis. 288 3

The urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) were measured in 66 healthy persons and 52 patients suffering from chronic renal diseases (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis). The residual renal function of patients characterized by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetate isotope clearance was only moderately reduced. Except for gamma-glutamyltransferase, patients generally showed increased urinary enzyme excretions. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was more sensitive to detect renal dysfunction than the other enzymes and the conventional parameters serum creatinine, total protein excretion, and the measurement of glomerular filtration rate. The determination of this enzyme can be recommended as a suitable diagnostic parameter in nephrology.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic significance of different urinary enzymes in patients suffering from chronic renal diseases. 289 Apr 51

Reactive oxygen species have been found to be responsible for the tissue injury caused in experimental pyelonephritis in mice. The extent of lipid peroxidation (as assayed by malondialdehyde formation) was found to be increased significantly (p less than .001) in the infected group as compared to the normal mice. Superoxide dismutase and catalase (oxygen free radical scavengers) showed a significant decrease (p less than .001) in the extent of lipid peroxidation even in the presence of infection. Dimethyl sulfoxide, a hydroxyl ion scavenger, was however found to be effective only at 4 and 7 days postinfection (p less than .001). Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, did not significantly (p greater than .05) inhibit the formation of lipid peroxides, even upto 7 days postinfection. There was a significant decrease (p less than .05) in the activities of renal brush border membrane enzymes used as markers of renal tissue damage (i.e. alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) in the infected group as compared to the normal group. In the presence of superoxide dismutase, dimethylsulfoxide and catalase except allopurinol, the activities of all the enzymes but maltase were found to be increased significantly (p less than .05) as compared to the infected group. There was a significant increase (p less than .01) in the bacterial count in the presence of superoxide dismutase and DMSO in infected mice as compared to the infected control mice. However, no significant difference was observed in the catalase and allopurinol treated groups.
 ...
PMID:Effect of various oxygen free radical scavengers in preventing tissue injury caused by Escherichia coli in pyelonephritic mice. 305 56

The distribution of the new cephem antibiotic, cefuzonam (CZON) into adnexa uteri and uterine tissues, and clinical efficacy on patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections were studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Concentrations of CZON in arterial and venous blood, oviduct, ovary, endometrium, myometrium, cervix uteri and portio vaginalis tissues were measured. The results demonstrated good transfer of the drug into various internal genital organs. 2. In clinical studies, CZON was given to 5 cases with various infections such as pyometra, acute vulvitis, pelvic peritonitis, pyelonephritis and puerperal intrauterine infection. Clinical efficacies were evaluated as excellent in 2 cases, and good in 3 cases. The efficacy rate was 100%. No side effects were observed in any cases. In laboratory tests, transient elevations of GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP were observed in 1 case. Therefore, it is concluded that CZON is a useful drug for various types of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical effect of cefuzonam and its distribution into tissues in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 344 14

The combined enzymological investigation including determination of the total activity of asparagine transaminase and alanine transaminase, two serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acetyl cholinesterase, and butyryl cholinesterase was applied to two groups of pregnant women with pyelonephritis treated with ampicillin (12 patients) and roscillin (14 patients). The investigation was performed at the following stages: before the treatment, on the 7th and on the 12th day of the treatment. No statistically significant differences in the average values of the activity of the above enzymes at these stages were observed in patients of the both groups which indicated the absence of the hepatotoxic effect of the preparations on the patients of a group as a whole. An increase in the levels of transaminases recorded in some patients after discontinuation of the treatment course was evident of a possible cytotoxic effect of the drugs without the signs of cholestasis. The effect was connected with the initial functional renal insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:[Enzymological evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of ampicillin and its therapeutic form, roscillin, in the treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. 399 43


1 2 Next >>