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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human nephrectomy specimens with ischemic glomerular changes were studied by colloidal iron staining and immunofluorescence with respect to glomerular polyanion, immunoprotein deposition and proteinase inhibitor deposition. In the sclerotic area of ischemic glomerular changes, polyanion loss and deposition of IgM, Clq, C4 and C3 were observed. These findings were common in cases with and without chronic pyelonephritis showing a considerable similarity to the glomerular changes of experimental focal sclerosis in rats or focal sclerosing glomerulonephropathy in human. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin (proteinase inhibitors) were also found in the sclerotic area. In particular, alpha 1-antitrypsin was always present in the sclerotic portions of every atrophic nephron and an important role of alpha 1-antitrypsin in atrophy of nephrons was suggested.
Nephron 1981
PMID:Polyanion, immunoprotein and proteinase inhibitor in ischemic glomerular change. 617 Aug 99

Experimental pyelonephritis induced in rats by a single intrarenal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans was studied pathologically and immunohistologically. The lesions which develop following intrarenal inoculation were similar to those seen during the course of pyelonephritis in man. Localization of the whole bacteria and the amorphous bacterial antigens and the whole fungi and the amorphous fungal antigens in the inflammatory lesions persisted up to 10-12 and 6-8 weeks, respectively. After that, continued inflammatory changes in progressive scarring can evolve in the absence of persistent bacterial or fungal antigens. Rat gamma globulin was localized in the plasma cells of the renal inflammatory infiltrates from 5-6 days to the end of the experiment (14th week). The incidence of progressive renal sclerosis was high in case of Candida pyelonephritis. The possible roles of progressive renal scarring by C. albicans are discussed.
Nephron 1984
PMID:Morphologic and immunohistologic study of pyelonephritis in rats by various bacteria and fungi. Special reference to inflammatory changes and localization of antigen. 620 83

Sclerotic processes of glomeruli in chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) and chronic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (CDPGN) were investigated in a lectin binding study in connection with an immunofluorescent examination of protease inhibitor deposition. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), which is specific to a certain terminal alpha-L-fucosyl residue of glycoconjugates, specifically labelled intact endothelia of glomerular capillaries, peritubular capillaries and blood vessels in human kidneys. Segmental or global loss of the UEA-I binding with glomerular capillaries was observed in the sclerotic areas where alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deposits were always detected in the glomeruli with segmental or global sclerosis of CPN. This high correlation between loss of UEA-I binding and alpha 1AT deposition was also observed in the affected glomeruli of CDPGN. In considering glomerular sclerosis, it is significant that loss of UEA-I binding and alpha 1AT deposition are common to both CPN and CDPGN, although their original etiologies are quite different.
Nephron 1983
PMID:Deposition of alpha 1-antitrypsin and loss of glycoconjugate carrying Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I binding sites in the glomerular sclerotic process. Phenomena common to chronic pyelonephritis and chronic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. 633 65

A retrospective study of 410 renal transplant recipients showed that 1.96% (8/410) of patients had developed severe non-typhoid salmonella infections. The clinical features seen were fever, leucopenia, pneumonia, diarrhoea, abscesses, pyelonephritis, venous thrombosis and pleural effusion. Neither uraemia nor repeated high doses of steroids seemed to be major precipitating events. All isolates were strains of Salmonella enteritidis. All 8 patients were cured and none became permanent carriers. Salmonella infections cause severe, life-threatening infections in renal transplant patients and require vigorous treatment often with a long-term low-dose regimen. Patients seemed to respond best to chloramphenicol, but ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were useful in some. Bilateral nephrectomy should be performed before the transplantation if the organism is grown from the urine.
Nephron 1984
PMID:Non-typhoid salmonella infections after renal transplantation. A serious clinical problem. 637 4

The presence of tubular involvement, as a marker for the detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) site, was examined in 19 patients with pyelonephritis and in 15 patients with cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria. The urinary excretion of four markers of tubular proteinuria, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), lysozyme (LZ), lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme V (LAD-5) and N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase (NAG), was investigated. LAD-5 appeared particularly valuable for the early detection of upper UTI. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy appeared to be further strengthened using, besides LAD-5, one additional variable. A set of simple and noninvasive biochemical tests on urine samples can reliably help to identify the site of UTI.
Nephron 1982
PMID:Contribution of four markers of tubular proteinuria in detecting upper urinary tract infections. A multivariate analysis. 675 51

351 sera from 27 human recipients of renal allografts and 21 healthy blood donors were assayed for circulating immune complexes by the Clq solid-phase radioimmune assay. Increased Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) was detected in pretransplant sera from 5 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and 3 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). A significant decrease of Clq-BA immediately after transplantation could not be found. 6 weeks after transplantation only 2 patients of the PN group showed increased Clq-BA. Serial studies in 17 patients with rejection crises did not show any correlation between the level of serum Clq-BA and the occurrence of rejections. Furthermore, no correlation could be found between the occurrence of complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies measured by the 51Cr release technique and the level of serum Clq-BA. In contrast, our results show that the probability of graftectomy or graft failure is significantly higher, at least in the early phase after transplantation, when the serum Clq-BA is lowered for several weeks.
Nephron 1981
PMID:Circulating immune complexes after cadaver kidney transplantation. 702 20

Experimental pyelonephritis was produced by either retrograde or direct infection of rat kidneys by Escherichia coli 078. Combined antibiotic therapy with amoxycillin and gentamicin, commenced within 23 h of direct infection, prevented acute suppuration and subsequent scarring. The same antibiotics combination commenced 24 h after both retrograde and direct infection did not significantly reduce acute suppuration but did reduce scarring. Treatment begun later than 24 h after infection had no effect on the outcome of pyelonephritis induced by either route. Significantly lower peak levels of serum antibody to the O antigen of E. coli 078 were obtained in rats treated at 24 h after retrograde pyelonephritis than in those in which treatment was started later. Kidney scarring could not be prevented if antibiotic therapy was commenced after the appearance of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory lesion.
Nephron 1982
PMID:Prevention of scarring in experimental pyelonephritis in the rat by early antibiotic therapy. 709 39

Gross vesico-ureteric reflux is the essential pathogenetic factor in the etiology of the small, scarred kidney of non-obstructive, chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy). 18 (12.5%) of 144 patients entering a dialysis-transplant programme had end-stage reflux nephropathy. The majority of patients initially presented with severely impaired renal function, hypertension and significant proteinuria. Documented urinary tract infections had only occurred in one-third of the patients. 8 of the 12 women presented during a pregnancy, usually with a presentation resembling toxaemia of pregnancy. Reflux nephropathy is a significant cause of end-stage chronic renal failure.
Nephron 1981
PMID:End-stage reflux nephropathy. 726 18

Renal scarring is considered to be a characteristic of reflux nephropathy. The effects of ulinastatin, a strong inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase, on renal scarring following direct parenchymal or intravesical ascending infection by Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coli were determined. Four days of treatment with ulinastatin initiated 2 or 5 days after infection prevented renal scarring. Doses of 1,000-4,000 units/kg inhibited renal scar formation, but 8,000 units/kg did not. These results suggest that it may be possible to limit renal scar formation in pyelonephritis by the use of an appropriate pharmacologic agent.
Nephron 1995
PMID:Preventive effect of ulinastatin on renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis induced by direct or ascending infection with Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coli. 789

Urine and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were determined in 43 women with acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli. Urine and serum samples were also collected 2 weeks after the infection and during a subsequent episode of cystitis (n = 8) or asymptomatic bacteriuria (n = 8). Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were related to the expression of 5 virulence markers of E. coli and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after pyelonephritis. Patients with acute pyelonephritis had elevated urine and serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels as compared to 37 healthy women (IL-6: p < 0.001 in both cases, and IL-8: p < 0.001 in both cases). Patients infected with E. coli producing hemolysin and/or cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) had significantly higher IL-6 levels in serum during acute pyelonephritis as compared to patients infected with strains without the ability to produce these factors (p = 0.0025 and p = 0.0154, respectively). Patients who had high concentrations of IL-8 in urine during acute pyelonephritis had lower GFR at follow-up as compared to patients with lower levels of IL-8 in urine (r = -0.48, p = 0.0123). In conclusion, acute pyelonephritis is accompanied by elevated urinary and serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Bacteria producing hemolysin and CNF seem to induce higher concentrations of IL-6 in serum. The secretion of IL-8 from renal cells may participate in the initiation and maintenance of renal inflammation which in turn may influence renal function.
Nephron 1994
PMID:Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in serum and urine in patients with acute pyelonephritis in relation to bacterial-virulence-associated traits and renal function. 791 3


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