Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The therapeutic activities of orally administered FK482 were compared with those of reference antibiotics against systemic and local infections with a variety of bacteria in mice and rabbits. In systemic infections in mice, oral FK482 was almost as effective as oral cefaclor (CCL) and more effective than oral cephalexin (CEX) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis infections. However, FK482 afforded superior protective activity when given subcutaneously against E. coli infection in mice, and this activity was more potent than that of subcutaneously given CCL. In comparison with CCL, the reason that the in vivo activity of orally given FK482 against mouse systemic infections was weaker than had been anticipated from its potent in vitro activity was due to its poor oral absorption in mice. In local infections in rabbits, a species in which FK482 was better absorbed than in mice, FK482 was more effective than CCL, CEX or amoxicillin (AMPC). Against pneumonia induced by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, FK482 was as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the lungs of infected rabbits. In the oral treatment of experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rabbits, FK482 was superior to CCL and AMPC against methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL against Enterococcus faecalis infection, and as effective as cefixime (CFIX) and more effective than CCL and AMPC against E. coli infection in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the kidneys and urine.
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PMID:In vivo antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin. 320 80

Bacteriological and clinical evaluations of BRL 25000 (1 part clavulanic acid plus 2 parts amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field have been performed. The MICs of BRL 25000 against 25 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus, 40 E. coli, and 14 K. pneumoniae were compared with those of AMPC. Against beta-lactamase non-producing strains of S. aureus and E. coli, the MICs of both drugs were nearly equal, however, against beta-lactamase producing strains of these species and K. pneumoniae, BRL 25000 was superior to AMPC. The blood levels of AMPC and CVA after single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg of BRL 25000 granules to fasted children were studied in 3 subjects. The mean levels of AMPC and CVA peaked about 1 hour after administration at values of 11.40 and 5.49 micrograms/ml, respectively, with half-lives of 0.91 and 1.02 hours, and AUCs of 23.52 and 12.66 hr X micrograms/ml, respectively. The 6-hour urinary recovery of AMPC ranged from 30.59% to 52.03% and for CVA from 16.31% to 45.18%. There was no significant difference between the blood level of AMPC following single oral administration of approximately 10 mg/kg AMPC granules and that of AMPC following single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg BRL 25000 granules to the same children. Clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 granules administered orally 3-4 times a day at total daily doses of between 42.9-52.9 mg/kg resulted in improvement, judged excellent or good, in all 7 cases of tonsillitis and 2 cases of pyelonephritis. In particular, the clinical effect was excellent in the case of tonsillitis where a beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae was isolated. In the total 11 cases treated, including 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia excluded from the clinical evaluation, 1 case of rash and eosinophilia was observed. No other adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. The taste and flavor of the drug were well accepted by the children. It was concluded that BRL 25000 granules are promising new drug which should be markedly useful in the treatment of infections in pediatric outpatients.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field]. 384 23

Augmentin (amoxycillin/clavulanate) was used in the treatment of 88 patients with mild and moderate infections of the urogenital organs. The drug was administered in a single dose of 375 mg thrice daily for 6 to 12 days. The renal function in 62 patients (70.5 per cent) was normal and in 26 patients (29.5 per cent) the chronic renal insufficiency latent stage was stated (the decrease of the glomerular filtration up to 55-70 ml/min). When augmentin was used before lithotripsy in 35 patients for 6 days, all the laboratory and clinical indices came to normal in 30 patients (85.7 per cent) and only in 4 patients (11 per cent) leukocyturia and in 1 patient bacteriuria persisted. When augmentin was used in 26 patients before adenomectomy or after transurethral resection for 7 to 9 days, all the indices came to normal in 13 patients (50 per cent) and in the other 13 patients leukocyturia persisted, while no bacteriuria was recorded. When augmentin was used in the treatment of 19 patients with pyelonephritis exacerbation during the postoperative period for 7 to 12 days, all the clinical and laboratory indices came to normal in 13 patients (68.4 per cent), leukocyturia persisted in 6 patients and bacteriuria persisted in 2 patients. When augmentin was used in the treatment of 8 patients with acute orchiepididymitis for 7 to 10 days, the clinical effect was stated in all the patients. As a rule, the drug was well tolerated by the patients.
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PMID:[The clinical efficacy of augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in treating inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs]. 1076 59

This study aims to determine the asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy due to GBS and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for planning strategy for the management of these cases and also to determine the relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria. A total of 3863 consecutive urine specimens were collected from 3863 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria attending the obstetrics and gynaecology department of our hospital over a period of two years. Specimens were processed using standard microbiological procedures. All the subjects were evaluated for bacteriuria. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria due to group B streptococci (GBS) was 82/3863 (2.1%) among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Among these, 69/82 patients (84.2%) had clinical and microbiological features consistent with cystitis, versus 13/82 (15.8%) for pyelonephritis. About 51.2% (42/82) of the patients who had urine analysis performed had positive results based on positive urinary leucocyte esterase and pyuria. Disc-diffusion analysis of all 82 GBS isolates showed that they were highly susceptible to Augmentin and linezolid. Screening for bacteriuria in pregnancy and proper treatment must be considered as an essential part of antenatal care in this community. To prevent asymptomatic bacteriuria complications, all pregnant women should be screened at the first antenatal visit. A negative test for pyuria is not a reliable indicator of the absence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Further, ongoing surveillance and evaluation of outcomes in pregnancies complicated by GBS bacteriuria is required to optimise maternal and newborn care.
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PMID:Asymptomatic group B streptococcal bacteriuria among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. 2651 Feb 70

Drug-induced immune haemolytic anaemia (DIIHA) is extremely rare. We herein report a case of DIIHA due to co-amoxiclav. A 53-year-old male being treated for left-sided pyelonephritis with intravenous co-amoxiclav developed symptoms and signs of anaemia on the third day of treatment. He was found to have evidence of haemolysis with a positive Coombs test and IgG antibodies and C3d. Co-amoxiclav was identified as the probable culprit, using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. Upon discontinuation of the drug and blood transfusion, the patient's haematological parameters stabilised. Steroids were not required in the treatment. Diagnosis of DIIHA is made through a history of intake of co-amoxiclav, clinical and laboratory features of haemolysis, and a positive Coombs test. An autoantibody screen is most commonly negative. It is essential for clinicians to be aware about this rare complication caused by commonly prescribed drugs and be able to accurately diagnose and initiate treatment.
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PMID:Co-Amoxiclav Induced Immune Haemolytic Anaemia: A Case Report. 3229 11