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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient had pyleonephritis with fever and pain that did not resolve, which prompted an abdominal ultrasound examination that showed an abscess within the renal cortex. Renal abscesses are particularly dangerous because of their location and potential spread to adjacent tissues. Although ultrasound is the best modality for imaging a renal abscess, computed tomography provides better tissue contrast, especially in obese patients. The pathophysiology of renal abscesses has changed during the past 25 years. Most cases are now caused by gram negative enteric organisms that are similarly pathogenic in uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis. Successful treatment of a renal abscess requires long-term intravenous and oral antibiotics; surgical or percutaneous drainage is reserved for nonresponders.
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PMID:Renal abscess: an illustrative case and review of the literature. 889 76

The most common causes of serious low back pain in children include spondylolysis, Scheuermann disease and musculoligamentous injury. Questions should be asked about the mechanism of onset and exacerbating factors, and the frequency, duration and severity of the pain. The examination should check gait and alignment, flexibility, strength and reflexes, and localize and evaluate the pain. Warning signs of serious problems include constant pain in a child younger than 11 years of age that lasts for several weeks or occurs spontaneously at night, repeatedly interferes with school, play or sports, or is associated with marked stiffness and limitation of motion, fever or neurologic abnormalities. Pain at the lumbosacral junction may suggest spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Scheuermann disease is diagnosed by the observance of wedging, irregularity or growth disturbance of three successive vertebrae. Musculoligamentous pain may result from injury to or overuse of muscles or joints of the back. Rare causes include discitis, tuberculosis, bone or spinal cord tumor, pyelonephritis and retroperitoneal infection.
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PMID:Evaluating the child with back pain. 890 Mar 53

An intramuscular preparation of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS, 500 mg/500 mg) was administered to 59 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI; cystitis and pyelonephritis) to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The obtained results are summarized as follows: In patients with cystitis, evaluations based on daily frequencies of administration were also performed. 1) According to the treating doctors, the drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 80% (45/56 patients). The efficacy rate was 89% in patients with cystitis treated by a u.i.d. regimen. Among patients treated by a b.i.d. regimen, the efficacy rate was 67% for cystitis cases and 84% for pyelonephritis cases. 2) When clinical efficacy was assessed according to the criteria for UTI drug efficacy evaluation, the drug was 'markedly effective' in 14 patients, 'effective' in 23, and ineffective in 11 patients, for an efficacy rate of 77% (37/48 patients). 3) The microbiological eradication rate was 88% (59/67 strains). The rate was 95% (20/21 strains) for Gram-positive bacteria and 85% (39/46 strains) for Gram-negative bacteria. The efficacy for Enterobacter faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100% and 73%, respectively. 4) As side effects, pain at the injection site was reported by one patient and abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 2 patients. All of these reactions were mild and resolved shortly after the completion of treatment. Based on these findings, it is concluded that this intramuscular preparation of IPM/CS is effective for treating complicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) for complicated urinary tract infections]. 974 8

A 74-year-old woman was admitted because of abdominal pain. A few weeks before this admission she had had a cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere, reflected by a left sided paralysis, dysarthria, depression and a slight cognitive disorder. The night before admission she woke up from a sharp, continuous pain in the right upper abdomen. Physical examination disclosed pain in the right upper abdomen on palpation. Laboratory tests showed a slight elevation of all 'liver' enzymes. A differential diagnosis of cholecystitis or pyelonephritis was made. Additional tests did not confirm either of these diagnoses. Because of immobilisation pulmonary embolism was then suspected. This diagnosis was confirmed by scintigraphy. The patient was treated and made a full recovery. Diagnostic errors can be made by faulty triggering and omitting verification. The diagnostic strategy for pulmonary embolism is a ventilation perfusion scan, which is followed in case of a non high-probability result by pulmonary angiography. It is emphasized that the presentation of pulmonary embolism can be aspecific.
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PMID:[Clinical thinking and decision making in practice. A patient with pain in the upper abdomen]. 1006 38

Recently the 'Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de gezondheidszorg CBO' (Dutch Institute++ for Health Care Improvement) published revised guidelines on urinary tract infections. In children less than one year old clinical signs of urinary tract infection are non-specific and the diagnosis should be ruled out by laboratory investigations: a nitrite test, followed by inspection of the urinary sediment for leucocytes and bacteria if the test is negative. If one of the investigations is positive an urinary culture is made and antimicrobial therapy is started as for pyelonephritis. The child should be referred to a paediatrician to examine the urinary tract for anatomical abnormalities with a view to possible preventive measures regarding renal function loss. Boys older than one year with urinary tract infections should be managed in the same way as younger children. In older girls examination of the urinary tract is indicated after recurrent infection. In adult women with complaints of urinary tract infection causes like vaginitis, pyelonephritis and genital herpes should be excluded. Urine is examined (nitrite test, if negative followed by urinary sediment) to confirm the diagnosis. A urine culture is not indicated. First-choice treatment for uncomplicated infection is trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin. Persistent infection may be treated blind with a second antimicrobial drug. Recurrent infection can be prevented by changing behaviour, antimicrobial prophylaxis or oestrogen cream in postmenopausal women. If a man with micturition complaints also suffers from pain in the perineum, the lower back or the lower abdomen or during ejaculation, a distinction should be made between bacterial prostatitis, non-bacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia. Uncomplicated urinary infections can be treated with trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin. Urinary catheters are a risk for infection and their use should be restricted in number and duration. Catheter care should follow the guidelines of the Workgroup Infection Prevention. Urinary cultures should only be made in the presence of signs of infection if there is an indication for antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:['Urinary tract infections'--revised CBO guideline. Dutch Institute for Quality Assurance]. 1080 May 55

Laparoscopic surgery for kidneys with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis or autosomal dominant polycystic disease has proved to be technically difficult but is possible. The Harmonic Scalpel facilitates the dissection of inflammatory tissues and does not inflict burns. Hand-assisted laparoscopy may be useful. Pain relief is obtained by most patients undergoing cyst drainage, although recurrence after a year or two is common. A specific and detailed preoperative diagnosis and treatment plan are essential to a successful outcome.
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PMID:Simple nephrectomy: managing the difficult case: xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. 1120 12

Percussion of the kidney as a diagnostic method was first described by John Benjamin Murphy (1857-1916). The test is rapidly elicited, but can cause severe pain. Considering acute pyelonephritis or acute renal colic, it is common practice to perform fist percussion of the kidney, yet its diagnostic value is unknown. Finnish study results in 1998 suggest that in acute renal colic loin tenderness and erythrocyturia are more significant signs than renal tenderness. There is no scientific evidence for determining renal tenderness in diagnosing urinary tract infections and urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Physical diagnosis--pain elicited by percussion in the kidney area]. 1155 74

Nearly 10 years of experience with laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign renal disease has shown that the procedure can be performed safely with a complication rate comparable with open surgery. Improvements in the skill, instrumentation, and technique of the laparoscopist have expanded the indications for the procedure to include larger (polycystic kidneys) and in some cases more complex (xanthogranulomotous pyelonephritis) specimens. Continued demonstration of reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and more rapid recovery along with decreasing operative times have made laparoscopy the preferred approach for the surgical removal of benign kidneys.
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PMID:Laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign disease. 1135 41

A total of 21 patients (20 women and one man) with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), treated in the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital during the period from 1991 through 1999 were included in this study. All of the patients were diabetic. The most common symptoms or signs were fever/chills (80%) and costovertebral angle knocking pain (71%). Diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of gas in the parenchyma or paranephric space on plain X-ray of the abdomen or computed tomography. The left kidney (11 cases, 52%) was more frequently affected than the right one (nine cases, 43%), and both kidneys were involved in one case. Obstruction of the corresponding renoureteral unit was found in 19% of the patients, and renal or ureteral stone was found in 23% of the patients. One third of the patients had type I EPN, and two-thirds had type II EPN. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism, accounting for 61%, 76%, and 47% of isolates from blood, urine, and aspirated pus culture respectively. Prompt control of blood sugar was begun and intravenous antibiotics were given. Drainage was performed in 71% of the patients, and two persons required nephrectomy because of poor control of the infection or complications. Overall survival was 72%. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life-threatening, suppurative infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenaL tissues. For successful management of EPN, appropriate medical treatment should be initiated, and immediate nephrectomy or drainage should not be delayed.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of emphysematous pyelonephritis. 1145 58

We report an 8-year-old boy with acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN). At the age of 3 months, he had a history of urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. He was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and costovertebral angle pain. Although acute pyelonephritis was suspected, neither pyuria nor cultures of blood and urine were positive. An initial ultrasonogram (US) of his kidneys was normal except for bilateral hydronephrosis. Two days later, however, a computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly enhanced mass in the upper pole of the right kidney. Similar findings were also observed by US. Under the diagnosis of AFBN, he received antibiotics for 3 weeks. Voiding cystourethrogram showed both-sided vesicoureteral reflux and he underwent an operation. At present the mass of the kidney still remains, albeit its size tends to decrease. We suggest that an early examination of US or enhanced CT is necessary in cases with fever of unknown origin, considering the possibility of AFBN even if neither pyuria nor cultures of urine are positive.
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PMID:[A pediatric case of acute focal bacterial nephritis; comparison with the reports in Japanese child cases]. 1176 82


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