Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distinction between upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is of great help in the management and treatment of these conditions. The antibody-coating technique was used to investigate urine of patients with nephrostomies, chronic and acute pyelonephritis, chronic and acute cystitis, of male patients with dysuria and significant bacteriuria and of female patients with indwelling catheters. Furthermore this indirect method was compared with FAIRLEY'S direct method for localization of UTI in female patients with indwelling catheters. All tests were positive in patients with nephrostomies and acute pyelonephritis. Out of 19 tests in patients with chronic pyelonephritis, 18 were positive and one negative. Antibody-coated bacteria were present in 4 out of 8 patients with chronic cystitis and in 2 out of 9 patients with acute cystitis. Out of 5 male patients with dysuria and significant bacteriuria, 3 had a positive test. Out of 25 women with indwelling catheters 20 exhibited antibody-coated bacteria in urine and 5 did not. In 9 female patients with indwelling catheters the UTI was localized in the upper tract 5 times by the Fairley technique but 7 times by determination of antibody-coated bacteria. The demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine is a simple and reliable method of localizing the site of a UTI. False positive results may be observed in patients with indwelling catheters and prostatitis; in both instances there is probably local antibody production and coating of the bacteria. As the test is relatively expensive and time-consuming, it is indicated only in special situations and is not considered a routine screening procedure.
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PMID:[Antibody-coated bacteria and localization of urinary tract infection]. 33 68

It has been shown that some, but not all, Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine adhere, in vitro, to the surface of uroepithelial or vaginal cells. In the present study, 212 strains, isolated from urine of 212 infected patients, were tested for adhesion by using an in vitro human cell line assay. A variable degree of attachment to the cell monolayer was detected in these strains. From patients with cystitis, only 19 (9.7%) of the 195 strains examined were adherent, whereas 5 (29.4%) of the 17 pyelonephritis strains had similar properties (P less than 0.05). To investigate the incidence of adhesion in the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection, a sample of patients was picked at random from those with cystitis. During cystitis caused by adhesive bacteria, patients suffer more often from macroscopic hematuria than from dysuria, frequency, or recurrency (P less than 0.05). This study shows that E. coli strains isolated from urine samples possess a strikingly difference in capacity to adhere to a human cell line surface as demonstrated previously with uroepithelial or vaginal cells. Moreover, according to these data, the adhesion of E. coli may be considered as a virulent factor and would play a part in the infection of the urinary tract in humans.
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PMID:Adhesion to a human cell line by Escherichia coli strains isolated during urinary tract infections. 39 20

Based on analysis of 309 transurethral [correction of transureteral] surgeries performed on patients with various diseases (prostatic adenoma, prostatic carcinoma, vesical tumors, urethral stenosis, cervical sclerosis) the authors scrutinized various complications: intraoperative (hemorrhages, vesical perforations) and postoperative ones. The most common postoperative complications were acute pyelonephritis, (5.82 per cent), dysuria (3.88), urethral stenosis (2.91 per cent). Immediate and long-term postsurgical hemorrhages were documented in 4.2 per cent and enuresis in 1.94 per cent of the patients. Certain prophylactic measures were considered. The duration of surgery was found to be correlated with the incidence of postoperative complications and it should not exceed 30-49 min. The mortality rate was 1.29 per cent.
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PMID:[The complications of transurethral operations (an analysis of 5-year results)]. 169 37

Fifty-five adult patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis were investigated in an open, prospective, randomized comparative study in which 31 patients were allocated to receive 1000 mg cefetamet pivoxil twice daily (or 2000 mg once daily) and 24 to receive 1000 mg cefadroxil twice daily, given orally for 10 to 15 days. Both groups were comparable for age, sex and body weight. Clinical signs and symptoms, i.e. flank tenderness, dysuria, urgency and pyuria, subsided somewhat more rapidly with cefetamet pivoxil, while defervescence was obtained by Day 3 +/- 1 in both groups. Twenty-nine of the cefetamet pivoxil patients were assessed bacteriologically. The pathogens isolated prior to treatment were E. coli (22), Proteus mirabilis (5), P. vulgaris (1) and P. stuartii (1). All 29 patients had sterile urine at treatment end. In the 22 assessable patients in the cefadroxil group, the pathogens isolated before treatment were E. coli (17), P. mirabilis (3), and K. pneumoniae (2). Six patients had relapsed at treatment end (5 E. coli and 1 P. mirabilis). Patients were re-assessed at follow-up, usually 2 to 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Four of the 29 patients in the cefetamet pivoxil group showed relapse (3 E. coli and 1 P. mirabilis) as did a further 3 in the cefadroxil group (2 E. coli and 1 P. mirabilis). The overall therapeutic outcome was considered as successful, i.e. cure or improvement, in 89.7% of the cefetamet pivoxil patients and 72.7% of those who had received cefadroxil. Tolerability was satisfactory for both trial drugs and there were only a few mild to moderately severe adverse events reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cefetamet pivoxil in acute pyelonephritis: an open study. 218 96

Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on a caprine doe with anorexia, dysuria, and a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasonography of a large firm mass situated cranial to the pelvic brim revealed a distended urinary bladder, which was confirmed by a dynamic bubble study. The left kidney had a large anechoic renal medulla and dilated renal pelvis and ureter consistent with ureteropyelectasia. Necropsy confirmed the existence of hydronephrosis and hydroureter, as well as cystitis, pyelonephritis, and partial urinary tract obstruction. The cause of the obstructive uropathy was a mass of fibrous tissue that obliterated the uterine cervix and partially obstructed the urethra and left ureter. The cause was presumed to be a cervical trauma from dystocia and forced extraction of a kid, with subsequent chronic fibrosis.
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PMID:Ultrasonographic diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in a caprine doe. 220 3

Polypoid cystitis, pyelonephritis, and obstructive uropathy was found in a cow with hematuria, dysuria, and colic. The cow was treated with penicillin, multiple B vitamin supplementation, and isotonic sodium chloride. Polypoid cystitis, diagnosed in this cow by use of endoscopic examination, is a common response to chronic inflammation of the bladder and can lead to obstructive uropathy. Although endoscopic confirmation of this diagnosis may not always be feasible, recognition of corresponding clinical signs can allow timely, appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Polypoid cystitis, pyelonephritis, and obstructive uropathy in a cow. 225 47

The clinical conditions that cause dysuria in women can usually be differentiated by the history and selected physical and laboratory examinations. Cystitis can be treated with short-course therapy in uncomplicated cases; pretreatment cultures are usually not necessary, since most infections are caused by Escherichia coli. Outpatient treatment of pyelonephritis is appropriate in selected patients. Follow-up culture after treatment of either cystitis or pyelonephritis is indicated to identify those patients requiring longer treatment or urologic evaluation. Recurrent urinary tract infections can be managed with postcoital antibiotics, long-term prophylaxis or patient self-administration of short-course therapy. Bacteriuria and pyelonephritis in pregnancy must be aggressively diagnosed and treated.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections in women. 200 8

A prospective study was carried out in 103/863 obstetric patients with cystitis characterized by urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria, pyuria and suprapubic discomfort in the absence of systemic symptoms such as fever and costovertebral angle tenderness. The association of symptomatic lower urinary tract infection with low-count bacteriuria (10(2)-10(5) UFC/mL of urine) was present in all the patients. The incidence of cystourethritis was about 12%, most of the infections occurred at the first trimester. To learn whether a multiple-dose of nitrofurantoin or ampicillin is safe and effective therapy for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, 103 symptomatic pregnant women were randomly grouped to receive oral nitrofurantoin (100 mg t.i.d.) or ampicillin (500 mg t.i.d.) for five days. Seventeen patient were excluded since they did not return for follow-up. Escherichia coli was isolated in 67% of infections. Overall cure varied from 87% to 89%, without any great differences between the regimens. Nine patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria in the course of pregnancy, four developed acute pyelonephritis and one of them had abnormal intravenous pyelogram.
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PMID:[Acute cystourethritis during pregnancy]. 248 4

Among 124 recipients of a renal allotransplant (22 men, 52 women), 60 patients (27 men, 33 women) showed more than 10(6) colony-forming units/ml midstream urine on one or several occasions. 26 patients (10 men, 16 women) did not present with leucocyturia whereas 23 (10 men, 13 women) did so. Urine samples were examined 1/2 to 5 1/2 years after transplantation. The comparison of the 2 groups of patients with and without leucocyturia revealed the following: there was no age difference; during the first year after grafting, bacteriuria with leucocyturia was more common; recurrent and de novo infections, dysuria, pyelonephritis and demonstration of E. coli were more frequent. Therapy was more effective in cases of bacteriuria without leucocyturia; the serum creatinine was more seldom elevated above the normal range and complications with ureters, bladder emptying or stenoses of the urethra were more seldomly observed.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infection following kidney allotransplantation: differentiation between bacterial colonization and bacterial infection]. 267 74

A case of blind-ending bifid ureter is presented. A 65-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of dysuria. He had no past episode of left flank pain or pyelonephritis. Digital examination and urethrography suggested benign prostatic hypertrophy. Drip infusion pyelography showed an abnormal cavity at the lower portion of the left ureter. He was diagnosed as benign prostate hypertrophy and left blind-ending bifid ureter. During suprapubic prostatectomy, the bifid ureter was resectd. The related reports are reviewed in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Blind-ending bifid ureter: report of a case]. 269 42


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