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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A small number of investigators, including our team, has been responsible during the past two decades for many studies focusing on the kidney lymphatics. Interesting new information and concepts have been published, but unfortunately some of these data are scattered in obscure journals. The major purpose of this, and three subsequent reviews, is to present these new concepts in a more organized fashion. The reviews will also allow our group an opportunity to emphasize physiologic principles which have been ignored in the past. In a future review we will emphasize the role of the immunoblast, found only in kidney lymph and responsible for rejecting the renal allograft. Azathioprine (Imuran), if given early and in adequate dosage, will reduce the role of these transformed lymphocytes. Still another review article will emphasize the importance of renal tissue concentrations of antibacteria in eradicating acute pyelonephritis. Blood and urine levels of antibiotics are also important in eradicating pyelonephritis. Since renal lymph represents interstitial fluid, the concentration of appropriate bacteria-sensitive antibacterials is probably more important. We have now evaluated fourteen antibacterials individually in the mongrel dog, comparing plasma, urine, and renal lymph levels during similar time intervals. Finally, we will review the role of diuretics in altering the interstitial gradient of various solutes. Osmotic diuretics of more potent diuretics which affect renal tubular reabsorption manifest their action by different means when renal lymph fluid is evaluated.
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PMID:Lymphatic network of kidney. I. Anatomic and physiologic considerations. 84 76

The comparative study of the biological properties of E. coli cultures, isolated from the urine of 7 patients two times during the first 11 days from the beginning of clinical manifestations of the exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, was conducted. In most cases the strains obtained as the result of the inoculations of the first and second urine samples belonged to the same serological and enzymatic variants. Still bacteria isolated in the second investigation, in contrast to E. coli obtained by the earlier inoculation of urine samples, often had no hemagglutinins and showed low adhesive capacity with respect to uroepithelium. Only in one out of 4 patient E. coli with antigen K1+ could be detected not only after the first inoculation, but also after the second one. In 4 patients E. coli cultures obtained as the result of the second isolation of these bacteria had lower content of sialic acid. Besides, differences in the sensitivity of E. coli strains isolated from the same patients in the course of the infectious process to the action of nonspecific protection factors of the body were established. The results obtained in the course of this study give more precise understanding of the existing conception of the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[A comparative study of the biological properties of pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli isolated at different times in the infectious process]. 269 29

Acute cholecystitis is a non-rare disease, the incidence of which was increasing in the last years parallel to biliary lithiasis, which in 90% of cases is the first cause of such pathology. From the anatomopathological standpoint, we distinguish three types of acute cholecystitis: catarrhal, suppurative and gangrenous. The most frequently remarked symptom is ache at right hypochondrium. Only in 30% of cases cholecyst can be palpated, in form of ovoid mass; typical is the positiveness of Murphy's manoeuvre; constant is fever, but not subicterus. The introduction of new methods of ascertainment, exempt from any risks, simple to be performed and remarkably careful, made the diagnostics of acute cholecystites easier: parietal cholecystotomography, hepato-biliary scintigraphy, echotomography (first approach investigation), computerized axial tomography and laparoscopy almost always succeed in dispelling doubts. By using more than one of these investigations, a diagnostic accuracy, touching on 100%, can be reached. The differential diagnosis should be placed with: peptic ulcer, acute pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, gonococcus perihepatitis, virus hepatitis, acute pyelonephritis, right basal pneumonia. The complications an acute cholecystitis can occur are: perforation (localized, in free peritoneum or in a hollow organ), choleperitonaeum, necrosis of hepatic parenchyma, acute pancreatitis. Due to the possible arising of such complications, the mortality unfortunately is not indifferent (5%), especially in patients already weakened by other chronic diseases. Still discussed is the question as to when performing operation. In fact, there are three trends: intervention in immediate emergency, in postponed emergency, or in remote time (preceded by a medical treatment). The Authors prefer the intervention in postponed emergency, as, in their experience, they remarked the poor effectiveness of the delay medical treatment, also involving a greater difficulty in the technical execution of the intervention and a longer stay in hospital. From 1973 up to 1983, 241 cases of acute cholecystitis (158 women and 83 men) were hospitalized at the First Aid Surgical Centre of the Catania University. Eight patients refused the surgical intervention. The remaining 233 underwent, depending upon the seriousness of the affection, the associated diseases and the different reactiveness to the medical treatment, operation: in immediate emergency (26.1%); in postponed emergency (67.8%; in remote time (6.1%). The mortality was 2.2%, with the lowest percentage in the second group.
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PMID:[Acute cholecystitis]. 640 77