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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents evidence on dysfunction of natural killer cells and abnormal proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclears to T- and B-cell mitogens (PHA, Phytolacca) in patients at varying stages of acute pyelonephritis. A number of immunomodulators (recombinant alpha 2-interferon, IL-2 and tactivin) produce different effects on natural killer activity and lymphocyte blast transformation in healthy donors and pyelonephritis patients. Immunotropic effects of immunopeptides depend on the drug dose, the response of various subpopulations of the immunocompetent cells being individual. It is suggested that immune system, natural killer activity in particular, plays an important part in pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis. In vitro experiments demonstrate that there can be a positive clinical response to tactivin and recombinant alpha 2-interferon administered in doses activating the function of certain immunocompetent cells.
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PMID:[Immunity and the possibilities for immunomodulation in acute pyelonephritis]. 175 20

Studies using cultured cells have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces the expression of Fc gamma RI (the type I Fc receptor for IgG) on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and greatly increases the number of these receptors on human monocytes. Administration of rIFN-gamma in vivo also causes enhanced Fc gamma RI expression on these cell populations. Because streptococcal antigens are potent inducers of IFN-gamma in vitro, we postulated that IFN-gamma would be produced endogenously in vivo in patients with streptococcal infections. Such production of IFN-gamma in vivo, even at low levels, might be expected to induce the expression of Fc gamma RI on monocytes and neutrophils. To evaluate this possibility, we used monoclonal antibody 32 (mAb 32), which is specific for Fc gamma RI, to quantitate the expression of this receptor on human peripheral blood cells. We measured the binding of mAb 32 to monocytes and PMNs isolated from healthy donors and from patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis. PMNs from healthy donors (n = 12) had 700 +/- 600 (mean +/- SD) mAb 32 binding sites. Patients with pharyngitis and negative throat culture for GABHS (n = 11) had 2,100 +/- 1,600 sites on their PMNs. In contrast, the PMNs from patients with documented GABHS pharyngitis (n = 12) had 11,600 +/- 7,500 mAb 32 binding sites on their surface. There was a similar change in the expression of Fc gamma RI on monocytes, with control monocytes having a mean of 19,900 +/- 3,200 mAb 32 binding sites per cell and the GABHS-positive monocytes having 47,500 +/- 21,400 sites. The GABHS-negative throat culture group had a slightly elevated number of Fc gamma RI with a mean of 28,200 +/- 8,400 sites. 10 patients with documented urinary tract infections and three patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis had no elevation in Fc gamma RI expression. These studies demonstrate that a localized group A streptococcal infection can cause systemic activation of the entire circulating pool of phagocytes, and suggest that a similar level of activation is uncommon in localized gram-negative infections of the urinary tract.
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PMID:Monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils of patients with streptococcal pharyngitis express increased numbers of type I IgG Fc receptors. 214 95

The effect of the type I interferon on the development and process of experimental pyelonephritis caused by E. coli was studied on mice weighing 12 to 14 g. Interferon was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 1000 units on days 3 and 7 of the disease. It was shown that the administration of the type I interferon to the mice with experimental pyelonephritis promoted rapid elimination of bacteria from the kidneys, prevented their penetration to the contralateral (intact) kidney, prevented marked macro- and microscopic damages in the kidneys, lowered the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, and increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the number of the E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in the thymus. The data provided experimental grounding for clinical trials of interferon preparations in treatment of bacterial pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Effect of interferon on the course of experimental E coli-induced pyelonephritis]. 218 9

In experiments on mice the influence of mouse serum interferon, type I, on immune response in pyelonephritis caused by staphylococci and P. aeruginosa has been studied. The immunomodulating action of interferon and its therapeutic effectiveness have been shown to depend on the etiology of the disease. When injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1,000 ED, interferon produces a pronounced therapeutic effect in pyelonephritis caused by P. aeruginosa and no effect in pyelonephritis of staphylococcal etiology. Type I interferon introduced in the dose used in this investigation has no influence on the killer activity of spleen lymphocytes, enhances the activity of the complement and the production of antibodies, produces a leukopenic effect and, depending on the etiology of pyelonephritis, exerts influence on the activity of dehydrogenases, the number of EAC- and E-rosette-forming cells, the oxidation metabolism of neutrophils and their phagocytic activity.
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PMID:[Interferon in the modulation of the immune response in pyelonephritis caused by Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. 280 Jul 95

The study of antilysozyme and anti-interferon activity in 474 urological strains of opportunistic bacteria isolated from the urine of pyelonephritis patients and in 302 strains isolated from the urine of healthy children was made. The occurrence and the average amount of bacterial persistence factors were found to be directly related to the isolation source of cultures. The determination of the antilysozyme and anti-interferon activity of urological strains made it possible to confirm the etiological importance of enterobacteria and Pseudomonas in the development of renal infections and to differentiate the causative agent of pyelonephritis from the concomitant microflora.
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PMID:[The microbiological diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children under the control of bacterial persistence factors]. 753 27

The multiple evaluation of the persistence characteristics, including antilysozyme, anti-interferon and anticomplement activity, as well as other biological properties, such as adhesiveness, colicinogenicity and resistance to antibiotics, was carried out in 173 E. coli strains isolated from water, healthy and sick children. This evaluation revealed that each group of E. coli, depending on the source of its isolation, had its characteristic set of properties (or bioprofiles) to be analyzed, making it different from other bacterial populations. The comparative intergroup analysis showed differences between E. coli isolated from children with pathological conditions (enteric coli-bacteriosis, pyelonephritis) and E. coli isolated from water and feces of healthy children. These differences were manifested by more pronounced persistence characteristics. Dispersion analysis, having confirmed this feature, revealed that the most labile characteristics of E.coli, subject to the influence of ecological conditions, were their markers of persistence and antibiotic resistance. The results of factor analysis made it possible to unite the above mentioned properties which determined, together with adhesiveness, pathogenic potential of these bacteria.
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PMID:[A comparative evaluation of the persistence characteristics of Escherichia isolated from different econiches]. 753 28

Puerperae with acute and chronic pyelonephritis complicated by gestosis often develop postpartum inflammatory complications in the presence of marked deficiency of T lymphocytes and phagocytic function. Clinical criteria are suggested to single out risk groups. Prophylactic injections of leukinferon (alpha-interferon) and other immune response first phase cytokines in complex with metabolic agents help almost normalize the immunologic parameters in the majority of puerperae within 3-6 days and reduce threefold the incidence of early and late postpartum inflammatory complications.
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PMID:[Prevention of postpartum inflammatory diseases in puerperae with pyelonephritis and toxemia]. 820 52

65 pregnant women with the exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis in the III trimester of gestation and 34 healthy pregnant women were examined. The quantitative content of immunoglobulins, the activity of interferon in cervico = vaginal washings and the composition of the vaginal microflora were determined. All patients with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis exhibited disturbances in the normal microbiocenosis of the genitals and the dysfunction of the local immunity of the genital system, accompanied with a decrease in serum and secretory IgA, an increase in the amount of IgG and IgM, increased interferon activity. Pregnant women with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis received, in addition to traditional therapy, local treatment with Kipferon suppositories, an immunomodulating preparation. The study revealed that the use of this preparation normalized the characteristics of local immunity, the composition of the microflora' of the genitals and led to the disappearance of the clinical symptoms of the disease.
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PMID:[Dynamics of some characteristics of humoral immunity, vaginal interferon status in pregnant women with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis]. 1288 29

The aim of this prospective study was to examine gender-related differences of cytokines in the plasma and urine of healthy individuals that might provide a clue concerning the lower rate of chronic renal diseases in females. Soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(2) and interferon (IFN)-gamma were determined using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokine levels were determined in simultaneously obtained plasma and urine samples of 18 male and 28 female healthy members of our laboratory staff. Urine cytokine levels were studied three times at 1-month intervals. All individuals had a negative urine nitrite test and showed no symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Plasma levels of all studied cytokines were similar in males and females (P = n.s.). However, females had significantly higher urine IL-1alpha (P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001) and sIL-1RA (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0003; P = 0.0002) than males at three and higher IL-1beta at one of the three investigations (P = 0.098; P = 0.003; P = 0.073). Urine levels of the other cytokines were similar in males and females. Higher urine levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and sIL-1RA in females may result from stimulation of cells in the urinary tract. Increased sIL-1RA might block T lymphocyte activation. The elevated cytokines may play a role in the protection of the female urinary tract from certain renal diseases, such as pyelonephritis and other inflammatory and sclerotic kidney diseases.
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PMID:Strikingly higher interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta and soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA) but similar IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interferon IFN-gamma urine levels in healthy females compared to healthy males: protection against urinary tract injury? 1623 18

Ion transport is essential for maintenance of transmembranous and transcellular electric potential, fluid transport and cellular volume. Disturbance of ion transport has been associated with cellular dysfunction, intra and extracellular edema and abnormalities of epithelial surface liquid volume. There is increasing evidence that conditions characterized by an intense local or systemic inflammatory response are associated with abnormal ion transport. This abnormal ion transport has been involved in the pathogenesis of conditions like hypovolemia due to fluid losses, hyponatremia and hypokalemia in diarrhoeal diseases, electrolyte abnormalities in pyelonephritis of early infancy, septicemia induced pulmonary edema, and in hypersecretion and edema induced by inflammatory reactions of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Components of membranous ion transport systems, which have been shown to undergo a change in function during an inflammatory response include the sodium potassium ATPase, the epithelial sodium channel, the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and calcium activated chloride channels and the sodium potassium chloride co-transporter. Inflammatory mediators, which influence ion transport are tumor necrosis factor, gamma interferon, interleukins, transforming growth factor, leukotrienes and bradykinin. They trigger the release of specific messengers like prostaglandins, nitric oxide and histamine which alter ion transport system function through specific receptors, intracellular second messengers and protein kinases. This review summarizes data on in vivo measurements of changes in ion transport in acute inflammatory conditions and in vitro studies, which have explored the underlying mechanisms. Potential interventions directed at a correction of the observed abnormalities are discussed.
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PMID:Changes in ion transport in inflammatory disease. 1657 Nov 16


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