Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased frequency of infections has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. The tendency of patients in this population to acquire UTI is not completely understood. We aimed at investigating the incidence of UTI in children with cirrhosis, before liver transplantation. Twenty-six children (9 girls, 17 boys; mean age, 7.66 +/- 5.73 yr) with chronic liver disease who had undergone liver transplantation between 2002 and 2004 were included. On admission for liver transplantation, patients were examined for presence of UTI. Serum biochemistry, complete blood cell count, urinalysis and culture, glomerular filtration rate, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed prior to liver transplantation. Ten of 26 patients (38.5%) were found to have symptomatic UTI. Urine cultures revealed E. coli in five (50%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in three (30%), Enterococcus faecalis in one (10%), and Enterobacter aeruginosa in one (10%) patient(s), respectively, as etiologic factors. The etiologies of chronic liver disease in our patients with UTI were BA in five, PFIC in three, Wilson's disease in one, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in one patient. We found a significantly greater number of UTIs in patients with biliary atresia than in those without biliary atresia (p < 0.05). The mean age of the patients with UTI was 2.75 +/- 3.49 yr, which was significantly lower than in those without UTI (9.75 +/- 4.86 yr, p < 0.05). Levels for white blood cells, thrombocytes, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in patients with UTI than in those without UTI. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to serum albumin, bilirubin, AST, GGT, BUN, or creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate, duration of disease, and PELD scores. In patients with bacteriuria, renal USG revealed normal findings in all, but except one patient who had pelvicalyceal dilatation. Scintigraphic findings demonstrated acute pyelonephritis in six (60%) patients with UTI. VCUG demonstrated vesicoureteral reflux in two patients. In conclusion, symptomatic UTI is common in children with cirrhosis. It occurs more frequently in patients with biliary atresia than it does in patients with other types of chronic liver disease. In febrile children with chronic liver disease, UTI should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Frequency of urinary tract infection in pediatric liver transplantation candidates. 1749 20

We report two cases of acute renal failure in patients with nonfulminant acute hepatitis A. First case is a healthy 25 year-old man complained of myalgia and jaundice. Initial laboratory results showed BUN 40 mg/dL, creatinine 5.23 mg/dL, AST 2,220 IU/L, ALT 3,530 IU/L, total bilirubin 6.26 mg/dL, and positive anti-HAV IgM antibody. Supportive treatments including fluid therapy were started. Serum creatinine and total bilirubin levels were 7.98 mg/dL and 7.66 mg/dL respectively on the 5th hospital day, and decreased gradually. He was discharged on the 12th hospital day, and was being followed up in outpatient department. Second case is a 33 year-old woman who admitted for bilateral flank pain, high fever, nausea, and vomiting. She was diagnosed as acute pyelonephritis and acute hepatitis A. On admission, BUN 13 mg/dL, creatinine 0.74 mg/dL, AST 3,720 IU/L, ALT 2,280 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.9 mg/dL were noted, and acute renal failure developed next day. Fluid therapy with antibiotics administration were started, and maximal BUN and creatinine was 41.7 and 8.09 mg/dL respectively on the 8th day. She recovered without dialysis and was discharged on the 19th hospital day. Proper and prompt comprehensive supportive measures would decrease the need for dialysis in patient of acute renal failue associated with acute hepatitis A.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute renal failure associated with nonfulminant acute hepatitis A]. 1792 55

The French Indian Ocean island Mayotte was hit by an outbreak of chikungunya in January 2005. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report data recorded over a five-month period (February - June 2006) in the pediatric-neonatal department of the Hospital Center in Mayotte. The study cohort includes a total of 50 children in whom chikungunya was confirmed by molecular tools. Mean age was 9.3 years and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1:5. The main symptoms were intense pain (88%), high fever (82%), and skin rash (80%) that was less common in children under 2 years of age. Neurological complications were observed in 46% of patients including hypotonia (22%) that occurred mainly in newborns, meningitis syndrome (18%) and convulsions (16%) that occurred mainly in children over 2 years of age. Infectious complications included pneumonia (4%), pyelonephritis (2%), and possible nosocomial septicemia due to Pseudomonas (6%). The main hematological abnormalities were lymphopenia (27%) and thrombopenia (16%). Serum CRP values were moderately high (mean, 25 mg/l). Elevated AST (24%) and ALT (10%) values were observed. High CSF protein levels were noted in 30% of cases. A total of 25 children required hospitalization for more than 10 days. There were two deaths in newborns infected before the seventh day of life. The main risk factors for hospitalization longer than 10 days were premature birth and age at the time of chikungunya infection.
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PMID:[Confirmed chikungunya in children in Mayotte. Description of 50 patients hospitalized from February to June 2006]. 1906 81

Liver abnormalities are common in septic patients. The study was aimed at investigating the alterations in aminotransferase levels during acute pyelonephritis in adults. Serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were determined in 421 patients (aged 16-90 years, 79.8% females) admitted to the hospital because of acute pyelonephritis. Abnormally high aminotransferase (sAST or sALT) levels were present in 21.4% (95% CI 17.6-25.9%) of patients without pre-existing liver disease (n=401). Aminotransferase abnormality was moderate in the majority of cases. After adjusting for confounders, aminotransferase abnormality was associated with age and with signs of sepsis (particularly, high body temperature and low blood pressure). Aminotransferase levels tended to normalize during convalescence. In conclusion, the management of patients with pyelonephritis should take into account that moderate and self-limited abnormalities in aminotransferase levels are frequent during the acute phase of the disease.
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PMID:Abnormalities in aminotransferase levels during acute pyelonephritis. 1939 79

Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections affecting millions of people each year worldwide. The animal model provides an excellent and suitable system for studying cystitis and pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli and other uropathogens. Using this established model, we evaluate the role of antioxidant defence system, renal injury markers, and blood parameters in the diseases progression during Escherichia coli infection on 0th day, 12h and 7th day. The antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GR levels were evaluated. The blood parameters like AST, ALT, ALP, Total protein, BUN, creatinine level were estimated in infection model. The relative organ weights, anti microbial status of kidney, CRP, WBC count were done for the evaluation of inflammatory response associated with the infection. The oxidative stress marker like MDA was also evaluated. Histopathological analysis of renal tissue provides direct vision to tissue damage. The antioxidant status of renal tissue was decreased during the 7th day of infection. Likewise, renal toxicity markers were significantly increased during bacterial infection. The inflammatory markers like CRP, WBC count and oxidative stress marker like MDA were significantly increased by the infection on 7th day. The histopathology of renal tissue also reveals the inflammation and tissue damage associated with acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Role of antioxidant defence, renal toxicity markers and inflammatory cascade in disease progression of acute pyelonephritis in experimental rat model. 2857 87