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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Growth of Candida albicans in the mycelial phase is neither necessary for initiation of infection in the kidney of the mouse, following intravenous inoculation, nor for the establishment of chronic renal colonization. However, mycelial formation would appear to be important in the establishment of pelvic lesions with their associated pathological changes. Two mycelia-less mutants, CA-2 and MM2002, in the early stages of infection tended to develop in the glomeruli of the mouse kidney cortex while the wild-type parent strains spread throughout the cortex and medulla, with only occasional involvement of glomeruli. The mutants appeared to stimulate a milder inflammatory response than the parent strains. In chronic infections with wild-type strains, tangled masses of mycelia filled the renal pelvis, but pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis did not depend on a persistent cortical infestation. Yeasts of the mutant strains persisted in the body of the kidney and stimulated a continuing neutrophil response. Systemic infections with wild-type strains were eliminated by treatment with low doses of an azole antifungal drug, ICI 195,739, or with amphotericin B, whereas systemic infections with the mutant strains were much reduced, but not eliminated, by relatively high doses of either of the two drugs. Unlike azole drugs, amphotericin B does not show differential activity against the two morphological forms of C. albicans. Because kidney infections with the mutant strains are relatively resistant to amphotericin B as well as the azole tested, we conclude that the impressive activity of azoles in vivo may not be explained entirely by their inhibition of mycelial growth.
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PMID:Candida albicans--do mycelia matter? 221 38

The authors undertake a general review of recent advances in the field of urinary tract infections. Attention is drawn to the fact that bacteria can proliferate only if they adhere to the wall of the urinary tract before penetrating the epithelial cells. This adhesion is dependent upon adhesins which, in the urinary tract, can fix only upon specific receptors. It can therefore be understood that a mucosa bearing many receptors can easily by reinfected with organisms with the intestinal flora as their point of departure, via perineal and peri-urethral meatal infestation in the woman. A recent therapeutic advance is based upon the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors. A beta-lactamine neutralises the beta-lactamase produced by the organism and the other beta-lactamine acts as an antibiotic and kills the organism. This combination of two lactamines will probably be increasingly widely used in dealing with organisms. It is important to note that bacteriologists draw attention to the need to detect congenital abnormalities or foreign bodies or neighbouring infections, before incriminating only problems of bacterial virulence and the abnormally abundant presence of receptors on the urethrovesical mucosa. In the absence of urological disease, the treatment of lower urinary tract infections in the woman is not based upon any particular rules since short-term treatment seems just as effective as long-term treatment. The problem is completely different in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis which requires a minimum of three weeks using an antibiotic with powerful tissue diffusion.
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PMID:[Medical aspects of urinary tract infections]. 635 5

Spectrum of acute renal infections includes acute pyelonephritis, renal and perirenal abscesses, pyonephrosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis. The chronic renal infections that we routinely encounter encompass chronic pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and eosinophilic cystitis. Patients with diabetes, malignancy and leukaemia are frequently immunocompromised and more prone to fungal infections viz. angioinvasive aspergillus, candida and mucor. Tuberculosis and parasitic infestation of the kidney is common in tropical countries. Imaging is not routinely indicated in uncomplicated renal infections as clinical findings and laboratory data are generally sufficient for making a diagnosis. However, imaging plays a crucial role under specific situations like immunocompromised patients, treatment non-responders, equivocal clinical diagnosis, congenital anomaly evaluation, transplant imaging and for evaluating extent of disease. We aim to review in this article the varied imaging spectrum of renal inflammatory lesions.
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PMID:Multimodality imaging of renal inflammatory lesions. 2543 41