Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the clinical trial of N1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) (CN 3123, Nevin, Supristol) results from 925 treated cases of bacterial infections of the urinary organs were documented. The analysis revealed the following conclusions: 1. On the basis of all the assessable cases, there was no clinical effect in less than 10% of patients and no bacteriological effect in only 13% of patients. The therapeutic response was clinically good in 76% and bacteriologically good in 68% of the patients. The rest of the patients showed a fair clinical response, that is to say they showed a definite improvement in the clinical picture, or some bacteriological response, i.e. a definite reduction in the organism counts or, in mixed infections, not all the strains of pathogen were eradicated. 2. There was a higher success rate in acute urinary tract infections which had not previously been treated than in chronic or previously treated cases. 3. The therapeutic results in the principal indications were as follows: Pyelonephritis: 73.9% good and 16.5% fair effect clinically; 63.6% good and 21.6% some effect bacteriologically. Pyelitis: 81.1% good and 18.9% fair effect clinically; 70.4% good and 25.9% some effect bacteriologically. Cystitis: 81.3% good and 8.6% fair effect clinically; 68.9% good and 17.6% some effect bacteriologically. Postoperative urinary tract infections: 98% good effect clinically and bacteriologically. Infections of the urinary organs (not specified in more detail): 71.8% good and 16.1% fair effect clinically; 65.0% good and 18.8% some effect bacteriologically.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of the antibacterial combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (CN 3123). 2. Results of a multicenter clinical trial of CN 3123 in infections of the kidneys and urinary tract]. 94 28

Pyelonephritis emphysematous (PE) is a life threatening renal infection which is observed practically exclusively as a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. 95% of the 73 cases which have been reviewed were found in diabetic patients. The symptomatology resembles that of severe acute pyelonephritis but the disease differs from this in that, in PE, emphysema develops in the actual renal parenchyma and/or in the perirenal tissues. The most important single factor in the etiology appears to be ischaemia of the tissues which are employed as growth media for the microorganisms involved. Infections with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aerobacter and Proteus are the most commonly found. Isolated cases with Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans have been observed. The mortality in untreated cases of PE is 100%. With medical treatment alone, the mortality decreases to 73% while, when combined medical and surgical intervention is employed, the mortality can be reduced to 30%.
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PMID:[Emphysematous pyelonephritis. A serious complication of diabetes mellitus]. 163 68

In a clinical study we tested the use of the lysosomal enzyme NAG as a parameter of kidney function. Following prospective randomization, we examined NAG excretion during cisplatin treatment with/without nephroprotection, after intravenous urography with ionic/non-ionic contrast media, during lower/upper urinary tract infections and before/after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for intrarenal calculi (first-generation equipment used). Measurements were performed in 3-h urine specimens and in urine collected over 24 h, using a simple method of analysis. A correlation between NAG leakage and functional disorder of the renal tubular cells seemed likely on the basis of additional clinical and experimental data. Increases, in some cases dramatic, in NAG excretion were observed after the administration of cisplatin and ionic contrast media, in acute pyelonephritis, and after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. However, the increase in NAG excretion was less impressive during cisplatin therapy when nephroprotective amino acids were infused, and in the urography group when non-ionic contrast media were used. Infections of the lower urinary tract did not increase NAG excretion. The results indicate that NAG is a sensitive marker of occult renal dysfunction, which can be checked by non-invasive techniques and can be used in a clinic setting to detect functional disorders of the kidney.
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PMID:[NAG (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase)--a sensitive marker for disorders of kidney function]. 231 78

Infections of the urinary tract belong to the most frequent bacterially caused diseases. Strains of bacteria which are able to evoke an infection of the urinary tract distinguish themselves by particular properties. Hereby the existence of O- and K-antigens, the demonstration of adhesins (F-antigens), the ability of the formation of haemolysin and production of colicin V (aerobactin), the serum resistance as well the plasmid profile an important role is ascribed. The ability of uropathogenic bacteria to the adhesion to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract is significant for the development and the course of a disease. A connection is to be established between the rate of bacterial attachment of the epithelial cells and the activity of a pyelonephritis. The defence of an infection of the urinary tract takes place above all in the local area, in which cases among others the phenomenon of the antibody coated bacteria and disturbances of the formation of the secretory IgA are of interest. Various pathogenetic aspects of chronic infections of the urinary tract are discussed on the basis of reports from literature and findings of own investigations.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic aspects of chronic urinary tract infections]. 331 80

The efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin was evaluated in a multicenter study. For 49 of the 78 patients with 79 infections entered into the study, the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of therapy could be evaluated. Toxicity data were analyzed for all 79 infections. Overall, 35 of 49 infections were cured or improved: 10 of 11 cases of pneumonia; 8 of 15 cases of pyelonephritis; 4 of 5 cases of osteomyelitis; 3 of 4 intravascular infections; 6 of 9 soft tissue infections; and 4 of 5 miscellaneous infections. There were 13 bacteriologic failures; superinfections with resistant organisms (i.e., Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) occurred in three patients; reinfection with sensitive pathogens complicated one urinary tract infection; relapses developed of five urinary tract infections and of one case of endarteritis; and bacteriologic persistence occurred in three soft tissue infections. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most difficult to treat. In only six of 11 P. aeruginosa infections was both bacteriologic and clinical cure achieved. Adverse effects were minimal; no serious hematologic or hepatic toxicity and no adverse renal effects were noted.
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PMID:Multicenter study of the clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of serious infections. 393 Nov 98

Timentin (ticarcillin (TCR) + clavulanic acid (AC)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). Infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). The following bacteria were recovered: 10 Escherichia coli, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Providencia stuartii, 1 Salmonella typhi, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. The sixteen strains were all susceptible to timentin (MICs determined by agar dilution: TCR + AC 4 mg/l: 0.5-16 mg/l; TCR + AC 8 mg/l: 0.2-16 mg/l). Thirteen strains were susceptible to TCR (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l), and three (1 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 S. aureus) were resistant to TCR (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l). 14 patients received timentin alone, while two were also given dibekacin. Timentin was given in one-hour IV infusions in a dosage of 9.6 g/24 h (3.2 g X 3) in 10 patients and 6.4 g/24 h (3.2 g X 2) in 6. Duration of therapy was 14 to 16 days in half of cases (range 5 to 21 days). At termination of the infusion, serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (determined in ten patients) were greater than 50 mg/l and 3-7.4 mg/l respectively, and serum bactericidal activity (evaluated in ten cases) was consistently less than 1/2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. 393 32

Twenty-one hospitalized patients with infectious diseases were randomly assigned to receive either thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor or cefazolin. Infections treated included septicaemia, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis and cutaneous abscesses. All eleven patients treated with thienamycin formamidine/renal dipeptidase inhibitor responded well to therapy. One of the ten patients treated with cefazolin developed a superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Side effects detected were minor in both groups.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing clinical efficacy and safety of thienamycin formamidine (MK0787)/renal dipeptidase inhibitor (MK0791) and cefazolin. 635 77

Ceftezole (CTZ) was administered to 20 patients with hematopoietic malignancy complicated with infections. These patients consisted of 7 cases of AML, 2 ALL, 2 AMMoL, 1 APL, 1 blast crisis of CML, 2 HD, and 5 NHL. In 13 cases, sites of infection were determined and causative organisms were identified. In other 7 cases, sites of infection or causative organisms were unknown. In the former 13 cases, pneumonia was demonstrated in 6 patients, tonsillitis in 4 patients, pyelonephritis in 2 patients and sepsis in 1 patient. Klebsiella was separated from 5 patients as the causative organisms, E. coli from 2 patients, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1 patient, Pseudomonas cepacia from 1 patient, Streptococcus viridans from 2 patients, Proteus from 1 patient and Torulopsis from 1 patient. Gram-negative rods were separated from 10 of the 13 cases (77%) as the causative organisms. CTZ was administered intravenously in dose from 4 g to 16 g per day combined with other antibiotics (AMK, GM, DKB, TOB, SBPC, CBPC, LC, ST). The response rate in 12 cases of acute leukemia and in 7 cases of malignant lymphoma was 58% and 43%, respectively. Infections occurred in 4 patients with less than 100 neutrophil per mm3 did never favorably responded even with CTZ.
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PMID:[Treatment of infection in the patients wih hematopoietic malignancy with ceftezole (Falomesin) (author's transl)]. 721 16

The chance on a complete compensation of the residual kidney is the larger the earlier the nephrectomy as performed. Infections of the urinary tract, pyelonephritis, affection with calculi and functional disturbances are the most frequent diseases of the residual kidney particularly then, when the contralateral organ was also removed for these reasons. Specific tuberculous inflammations and tumorous affection of the residual kidney rarely appeared.
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PMID:[The clinical problem of living with one kidney]. 744 16

Elderly patients are at high risk for urinary tract infection (UTI). Infections of the urinary tract may be classified as asymptomatic bacteriuria, uncomplicated cystitis, uncomplicated pyelonephritis or complicated UTI. The micro-organisms responsible for causing UTI are largely predictable and dictate therapy when indicated. UTIs may be diagnosed by both nonculture and culture techniques. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, though quite common in the elderly, should rarely be treated. Treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated and complicated UTIs is largely dictated by the known or expected pathogen(s) and classification of the infection. Additional features affecting the treatment of UTI in the elderly include allergies, adverse reactions to therapy, drug interactions and modification for renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Optimal treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly patients. 906 Dec 71


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