Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of antibody coated bacteria in the urinary sediment was correlated with the infection site in 151 patients. 86 patients were followed regularly and support sequential data. A positive test is noted in most of the chronic pyelonephritis cases in all the prostatitis cases and in some of the chronic infection on bladder disease. In recurrent cystitis the test is generally negative as in acute pyelonephritis seen within 24 hours.
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PMID:[Antibody coated bacteria in urinary sediment (author's transl)]. 79 92

One thousand five hundred strains obtained from patients suffering from different clinical forms of urinary infections (UI) and dependent glands have been studied with the aim of establishing the pathogenic responsibility of E. coli adhesion protein (ADH) in urinary infections (UI). ADH were determined using agglutination techniques with guinea pig and human red cells, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae spores and GAL-GAL sensitized latex. In non complicated UI, the presence of ADH is the main invasion mechanism for E. coli. The frequency of adherent strains is very high (569/648) in acute cases (207/247 cystitis + 69/98 recurrent cystitis + 108/114 pyelonephritis + 140/154 prostatitis + 28/35 orchyepidimitis and scarce (14/184) in asymptomatic or chronic cases (6/107 bacteriurias + 7/67 prostatitis + 1/10 orchyepidimitis). A close relationship is established between the presence of ADH and clinical symptoms. The acute cases with general symptoms are caused in 85% of cases (188/216) by strains with ADH type MR specially subtype P. The acute cases with local symptoms (only urinary syndrome) are caused in 77% of cases (297/387) by strains with ADH type Ms. In complicated UI the expression of adhesion proteins does not constitute and essential requisite in order to invade the urinary tract. It is suggested that males are significantly more resistant the females to UI both parenchymal and urinary tract. It is deduced that underlying factors are more predisposing to UI the smaller the adherence rate of isolated strains is. Thus, reflux and neurogenic bladder probes are by far more aggressive alterations than prostatic adenoma, bladder tumor and lithiasis.
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PMID:[The role of E. coli adhesins in the pathogenesis of urinary infection]. 168 74

All 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 Escherichia coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, two Citrobacter freundii, three Proteus mirabilis and one Proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. This observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). However, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxis assays were similar for fecal E. coli isolates, for isolates from patients with recurrent cystitis and from patients with presumed pyelonephritis (E. coli blood isolates with concomitant E. coli bacteriuria). Thus, the present study of E. coli did not support the hypothesis that bacterial motility is a virulence factor in urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. 388 54

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common of all the bacterial infections affecting humans during their life span. In adult patients, UTI may be categorized into the following groups: acute uncomplicated cystitis, acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, recurrent bacterial UTI infections, asymptomatic bacteriuria, complicated UTI, acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis. In patients with uncomplicated cystitis, short-course (3 days) empirical therapy is more effective than single dose therapy. Recurrent cystitis can be effectively managed by continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis. Acute pyelonephritis in patients with anatomically normal urinary tracts should be treated with antimicrobial therapy for 10 to 14 days. Complicated infections require a full 10- to 14-day course of antimicrobial therapy. Urologic evaluation in patients with acute pyelonephritis or recurrent infections should not be routinely performed. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria is unnecessary in adults, except in particular circumstances. There is little evidence that UTI in adult patients lead to progressive chronic renal injury, unless complicating factors are concurrently present.
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PMID:[Urinary infections in adults: clinical approach and therapeutic indications]. 772 3

The authors present the results of the URVAKOL vaccine use in clinical practice. The vaccine was administered in the treatment of recurrent cystitis, persistent lower urinary tract infection, chronic pyelonephritis and prostatovesiculitis. The clinical efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by detection of bacteria and leukocytes in the urine, subjective complaints, skin tests and the assessment of selected specific and nonspecific immunity parameters in the urine and saliva. Significantly positive clinical and laboratory responses were observed in patients with uncomplicated cystitis. In the group of persistent urinary tract infections excellent responses were detected in one half of the patients. The remainder half stated disappearance of subjective complaints, but with persistence of pyuria or bacteriuria. Similar results of "improvement" were observed in 10 patients with chronic pyelonephritis. There were no changes of the clinical state observed in patients with chronic prostatitis. (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 7.)
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PMID:[Immunomodulation of recurrent urinary tract infections with Urvakol vaccine]. 1050 Mar 28

A 36-year-old woman was referred with urinary incontinence and recurrent episodes of pyelonephritis. Two years prior to her visit, she underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, 5 cm in diameter. Total cystectomy was suggested, as the initial diagnosis was sarcoma. Close re-evaluation of the pathological specimen lead to the final diagnosis of a benign inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder as the tumor consisted of smooth muscle cells with white blood cell infiltration but without mitotic figures. The tumor disappeared during the follow up period. A cystography revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with marked trabeculated bladder. A cystometry showed loss of bladder sensation and a low compliance bladder without detrusor contraction. Neurological examination and a magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord failed to prove the presence of definite neurological abnormalities. She was finally diagnosed with neuropathic bladder of unknown origin. In this case, she had been suffering from recurrent cystitis about 6 years before the resection of bladder tumor and it was suggested that the occurrence of the inflammatory pseudotumor of bladder would be related with chronic urinary tract infection due to neuropathic bladder. Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection were controlled successfully with clean intermittent self-catheterization and adequate administration of antimicrobial drugs. Vesicoureteral reflux was treated with injection of GAX collagen into the ureteral orifices. No tumor recurrence has been found up to the present time, 5 years after the resection of bladder tumor.
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PMID:[A case of neuropathic bladder with inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder]. 1222 79

Nearly 50% of women experience at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime. Studies with mice have revealed that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates invade superficial umbrella cells that line the bladder, allowing them to find a safe haven and subvert clearance by innate host responses. Rapid intracellular replication results in the formation of distinctive intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). In this study, we evaluated whether UPEC strains cultured from the urine of women and classified as causing acute cystitis, recurrent cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, or pyelonephritis could progress through the IBC cascade in a well-characterized mouse model of cystitis. Of 18 UPEC isolates collected from women, 15 formed IBCs. Variations in the size, number, and kinetics of IBC formation were observed with strains isolated from women with different clinical syndromes. Two of the three isolates that did not form IBCs when inoculated alone were able to do so when coinoculated with an isolate that was capable of generating IBCs. The mixed infections dramatically altered the behavior of the coinfecting bacteria relative to their behavior in a single infection. The study also showed that mice with five different genetic backgrounds can support IBC formation. Although UPEC isolates differ genetically in their virulence factors, the majority of UPEC isolates from different types of UTI proceed through the IBC pathway, confirming the generality of IBCs in UTI pathogenesis in mice.
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PMID:Escherichia coli from urine of female patients with urinary tract infections is competent for intracellular bacterial community formation. 1707 56

E. coli is the main agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and accounts for more than 85% of recurrent cystitis and at least 35% of recurrent pyelonephritis. Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, UTIs remain the most common bacterial infection in the human population. It is currently advised that the clinical administration of antibiotics against the pathogenic bacteria should be prohibitted due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Therefore, newer and more effective antimicrobials are in demand to treat such cases. One hundred and thirty six urine samples were collected from UTI patients. E. coli was isolated from 85 samples, out of which 33% were resistant to common antibiotics. The isolates were decreasingly resistant to ampicillin, tobramycin, augmentin, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, nitrofurantoin, kanamycin, pipemidic acid, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, cefamendol, ofloxacin, ceftizoxime, norfloxacin and amikacin. The anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac exhibited significant antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains both in vitro and in vivo. The present work was conducted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of this drug on the clinically isolated strains of E. coli in hospitals. All the isolates were sensitive to diclofenac, with MIC values ranging from 5-50 microg/mL. The MIC90 value of the drug was 25 microg/mL. Therefore, it may be suggested that diclofenac has the capacity to treat UTI caused by E. coli.
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PMID:Diclofenac in the management of E. coli urinary tract infections. 1709 68

In the period between October 1st and November 30th, 2006, we investigated a total of 3188 episodes of UTI (802 among males; 2386 among females) recorded in 108 family medicine offices in 20 cities in Croatia. The most common UTIs in women were acute uncomplicated cystitis (62%), complicated UTIs - cystitis and pyelonephritis (14%), urethritis (9%), acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (6%), recurrent cystitis (5%), asymptomatic bacteriuria (3%) and recurrent pyelonephritis. The most common UTIs in men were complicated UTIs - cystitis and pyelonephritis (48%), urethritis (25%), prostatitis (24%) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (3%). Etiological diagnosis was made in 999 (31%) UTI episodes before antimicrobial therapy was given. The most frequently isolated causative pathogens were Escherichia coli (77%), Enterococcus faecalis (9%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Klebsiella spp (3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (3%) and Enterobacter (1%). Antimicrobial drug was administered in 2939 (92.19%) UTI episodes, in 1940 (66.01%) as empirical therapy, and in 999 (34%) as targeted antimicrobial therapy. The most commonly administered drug in empirical therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis, recurrent cystitis and urethritis in women was cephalexin, for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis and complicated UTIs in women co-amoxiclav, and for UTIs in males ciprofloxacin. The results of this research of 3188 UTI episodes in family medicine physicians' offices provide a confirmatory answer to question whether empirical antimicrobial therapy of UTI prescribed by Croatian family practitioners is in accordance with the national guidelines.
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PMID:Research of urinary tract infections in family medicine physicians' offices--empiric antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infections--Croatian experience. 1966 89

This article comments on the new recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), issued in 2008 by the French Health Products Safety Agency (AFSSAPS). The terms uncomplicated and complicated UTIs have been retained ; complicated UTIs are those with risk factor for complication (rather than with established complications). In women, age (>or= 65 years) is no longer considered itself a risk factor for complications. In men, cystitis must be treated as prostatitis. The bacterial levels defining UTIs have been revised, but levels below the threshold cannot be used to rule out UTI in the presence of symptoms. For uncomplicated cystitis, only fosfomycin-trometamol is recommended as a first-line treatment, essentially because of its ecological advantages (resistance uncommon, no cross resistance with other antibiotic classes, specific class, sparing others). For recurrent cystitis, prophylactic antibiotic treatment must be limited to cases when other preventive measures are impossible. For complicated cystitis, the principle is to delay antibiotic therapy until the resistance profile results are available, when possible (because of the high risk of resistance). Delay must be avoided during pregnancy, however, because of maternal-fetal risks. The strategy for uncomplicated pyelonephritis has been simplified : no plain abdominal radiography, antibiotic therapy shortened to 10-14 days (even 7 days for regimen or relay including fluoroquinolone), and no routine verification by urine culture. For prostatitis, PSA testing is not recommended during the acute phase of prostatitis, and a 14-day antibiotic regimen is enough for the easiest-to-treat infections.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections in adults: what has changed. Comments on the 2008 guidelines of the French Health Products Safety Agency (AFSSAPS)]. 1966 43


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