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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis histologically, is reported. A 49-year-old female patient was referred to our department from the department of internal medicine because abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated left renal swelling with gas echo. Computed tomographic scan showed much emphysema in the left kidney. Although aggressive treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and immunoglobulin had been performed, subfever and left lumbago continued. Thereafter, she underwent left nephrectomy, and histological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. In the Japanese literature 27 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis have been reported. Many cases are in middle-aged females and 85% of these cases complicated with diabetes mellitus. E. coli and Klebsiella was the main causative organism. The mortality of this disease was 26%. This report is the first case combined with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in Japan. We recommend adequate chemotherapy and timely surgical treatment for good results.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis combined with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. 273 41

During the clinical development of ciprofloxacin 1,519 treatments of UTI were documented. The most frequent specific diagnoses were uncomplicated UTI (46.6%), followed by non-specified UTI (21.7%), complicated UTI (19.4%), acute pyelonephritis (7.6%) and chronic pyelonephritis (4.1%). 70% of the causative organisms isolated were Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli 38%, Proteus spp. 10% and Klebsiella pneumoniae 10%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in approximately 20% of the cases and the remaining 10% were gram-positive aerobes. Clinical resolution was achieved in about 90% in all specific diagnoses. The eradication rate for gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae was 93.8%, for P. aeruginosa 81.8% and for gram-positive aerobes 90.2%. Studies comparing ciprofloxacin and standard treatment have shown the high efficacy of ciprofloxacin making it a preferred agent particularly for infections caused by pathogens less susceptible to conventional drugs. According to the experience of clinical trials the recommended ciprofloxacin dose varies between 100 and 500 mg b.i.d. orally depending on the severity of clinical status and the susceptibility of the pathogen.
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PMID:Clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections: a review. 306 43

The therapeutic effects produced by ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid were compared with those of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid separately against infections in the mouse caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. The infections studied included a pneumonia model, a local tissue infection and pyelonephritis. The distribution of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals was evaluated by measurement of the concentrations of the substances present at sites of infection. The results showed that both ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were well-distributed in the mouse and at the doses employed were present at the sites of infection at concentrations of the same order as those obtained in man after administration of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid formulations (Timentin). The protection of ticarcillin by clavulanic acid from inactivation by the beta-lactamases produced in vivo by Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated by the pronounced bactericidal effects produced by the ticarcillin/clavulanic acid combination against the ticarcillin-refractory infections studied.
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PMID:Antibacterial effects of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in animal models of infection. 308 34

The in vitro antibacterial activity of E-3846, a new fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivative with a pyrrol ring substituent at position 7, was evaluated in comparison with norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. E-3846 was more active than the reference quinolones against Staphylococcus species, including methicillin-resistant strains. E-3846 was similar to ciprofloxacin and more active than norfloxacin against Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis. In general, E-3846 was more active than norfloxacin against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but less active than ciprofloxacin. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MICs giving 90% inhibition for E-3846, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were 2, 1, and 0.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. The activity of E-3846 increased at acid pH; in contrast, acid pH caused a pronounced decrease in the activity of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. In vivo, E-3846 demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in treating experimental S. faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystitis and pyelonephritis in rats.
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PMID:Activity of E-3846, a new fluoroquinolone, in vitro and in experimental cystitis and pyelonephritis in rats. 313 44

The adhesive properties of 215 cultures, including 215 Escherichia coli strains, 43 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 60 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the urine of 124 children with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis were studied in the direct hemagglutination test simultaneously with those of 30 E. coli strains and 20 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the feces of 50 healthy children, as well as 60 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from children with parenteral infections of other localization. E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the urine of children with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis were found to have D-mannose-resistant hemagglutinins (68% and 37.2%) and a combination of mannose-sensitive and mannose-resistant adhesins (44.6% and 13.3% respectively). P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the urine of urological patients in the postoperative period showed the presence of mannose-resistant hemagglutinins to a greater extent (76.6%) than those isolated from children with parenteral infections of other localization (45%).
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PMID:[Comparative characteristics of the adhesive properties of microorganisms isolated from the urine of children with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis]. 314 7

Two quinolones, fleroxacin and ofloxacin were used as oral treatment in a model of experimental pyelonephritis in rats. The infecting strains were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared to untreated control rats, the rats treated with the quinolones showed a great reduction in bacterial counts in kidney tissue and urine. At lower dosages, fleroxacin had a greater bacterial killing effect than ofloxacin.
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PMID:Comparative studies of fleroxacin and ofloxacin in experimental pyelonephritis. 314 29

The therapeutic activities of orally administered FK482 were compared with those of reference antibiotics against systemic and local infections with a variety of bacteria in mice and rabbits. In systemic infections in mice, oral FK482 was almost as effective as oral cefaclor (CCL) and more effective than oral cephalexin (CEX) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis infections. However, FK482 afforded superior protective activity when given subcutaneously against E. coli infection in mice, and this activity was more potent than that of subcutaneously given CCL. In comparison with CCL, the reason that the in vivo activity of orally given FK482 against mouse systemic infections was weaker than had been anticipated from its potent in vitro activity was due to its poor oral absorption in mice. In local infections in rabbits, a species in which FK482 was better absorbed than in mice, FK482 was more effective than CCL, CEX or amoxicillin (AMPC). Against pneumonia induced by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, FK482 was as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the lungs of infected rabbits. In the oral treatment of experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rabbits, FK482 was superior to CCL and AMPC against methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, as effective as AMPC and more effective than CCL against Enterococcus faecalis infection, and as effective as cefixime (CFIX) and more effective than CCL and AMPC against E. coli infection in reducing the number of viable bacteria in the kidneys and urine.
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PMID:In vivo antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin. 320 80

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a new oxacephem antibiotic, flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S). In vitro antibacterial activity of FMOX was evaluated in comparison to latamoxef (LMOX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefazolin (CEZ) using clinically isolated strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activities of FMOX were stronger than LMOX, CMZ, CEZ against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella but only slightly effective against Staphylococcus aureus. This antibiotic drug was administered to 5 patients consisting of 2 cases with pneumonia, one each with pyelonephritis, chronic bronchitis and urinary tract infection. The drug was given in 1 g drip infusion twice a day for 8 to 13 days. Clinical efficacies of FMOX were excellent in 1 case, good in 2, fair in 1, and unevaluable in 1. As for bacteriological effect of FMOX, organisms were eradicated in 3 cases. No side effect was noted and there was no abnormal change in laboratory findings.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of flomoxef]. 332 64

One hundred and four children who were hospitalized for documented or suspected non-CNS bacterial infections (56 males/48 females, 22 days to 15 years old) were treated with intravenous imipenem/cilastatin for 9.4 days (range 3 to 28 days). Children up to three years of age received 100 mg/kg/day and older children 60 mg/kg/day, administered in four divided doses. Bacterial pathogens were isolated before therapy in 85%. Diagnoses in the 74 evaluable patients included bronchopneumonia with or without empyema (20%), peritonitis complicating appendicitis (16%), skin/soft tissue abscesses (14%), septicemia (11%) and miscellaneous other infections (39%). Among evaluable patients, 95% were clinically cured or improved. One patients, a marasmic child with pneumonitis due to pseudomonas, died during therapy. One evaluable patient each with shigellosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae empyema and streptococcal pneumonia had bacteriologic eradication or suppression but, due partly to noninfectious complications, had no overall clinical improvement. Most bacterial isolates (101/108) were eradicated, including many gram-negative and gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes; three pathogens persisted (one Proteus mirabilis and one Salmonella typhi, one Staphylococcus aureus); and one Escherichia coli pyelonephritis recurred after therapy ended too early. Imipenem/cilastatin was well tolerated by 91% of children. Clinical adverse experiences (AEs), none serious except for the one death, occurred in 19%; 12% were judged possibly related to imipenem/cilastatin, but none probably or definitely related. No serious laboratory AEs occurred; the most common AEs were eosinophilia (11%), urine discoloration, and infusion site pain. Imipenem/cilastatin is well tolerated and has excellent clinical efficacy in a wide variety of pediatric infections.
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PMID:Imipenem/cilastatin for pediatric infections in hospitalized patients. 333 Oct 43

A homosexual man, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus, developed back and leg pain that evolved, over three weeks, into a T-10 anesthetic, areflexic paraplegia. Spinal fluid examination showed lymphocytosis, markedly elevated spinal fluid protein, and hypoglycorrhachia. A spinal cord biopsy specimen disclosed an intramedullary granuloma containing acid-fast bacilli. The patient was treated with antituberculous drugs and had no progression of neurologic deficit. He died, eight months after first becoming ill, of Klebsiella pyelonephritis and septicemia. Mycobacterial meningomyelitis is presently the only known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related myelopathy responsive to specific treatment.
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PMID:Mycobacterial meningomyelitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 274 40


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