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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years the morbidity of the acute gestational pyelonephritis increased nearly double. From the anamnesis of 234 female patients who were hospitalised on account of chronic pyelonephritis or urolithiasis in 34.9% renal complications during pregnancy could be established. In these cases a sixfold increased coincidence of the lateral localisation of urological disease compared with the lateral localisation of the obstetrical complications. From the catamnestic data of 32 patients resulted a pathogenetic connection between chronic urological disease and acute gestational pyelonephritis. Pregnant women with contracted pelvis, megafetus, multigravidity and hydramnion fell ill from acute pyelonephritis 4 to 6 times more frequently than those in whom these risk factors which we intend to call compression factors were not existing. 72 pregnant women with compression factors and asymptomatic bacteriuria were given prophylactically antibiotics and carried out position exercises. In none of these pregnant women an acute pyelonephritis appeared during pregnancy. Apart from the primary prevention of the acute gestational pyelonephritis in 108 pregnant women also a prophylaxis of the recidivation of pyelonephritis has been performed. This consisted of a therapy with antibiotics for the persisting, asymptomatic bacteriuria as well as position exercises. Only in 2.7% of the metaphylactically cared patients a recidivation of the acute gestational pyelonephritis developed. Thus incomparison to other authors the number of recidivations of acute gestational pyelonephritides could bei reduced by the four- to sixfold.
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PMID:[Prevention of acute and recurrent pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. 355 33

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis usually occurs in women 50 to 60 years old, and has the distinct clinical presentation suggestive of a renal mass. Since 1963 an increasing number of children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis have been reported in the literature, with data suggesting that the characteristics of the disease are different from those in adults. We compared our children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis to adults who had been described in the literature and to our cases of chronic pyelonephritis to determine whether xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children is an entity as clearly different from chronic pyelonephritis as it is in adults. Twenty-one cases were eliminated from the study because of incomplete charts. We found 39 cases in which nephrectomy had been done for an anatomical diagnosis of chronic or xanthogranulomatous (8) pyelonephritis. Average age at presentation, duration of clinical course and sex distribution were similar in both groups. The left kidney was involved more often in both groups. Severe malnutrition, urolithiasis, reno-cutaneous fistula and negative urine cultures were more frequent in cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, while obstructive nonlithiasic uropathy occurred more often in cases of chronic pyelonephritis. Microorganisms were similar in both groups and Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently. All cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were of the diffuse type with areas corresponding to all histological stages. Our study suggests that perhaps in children xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis occurs the same as chronic pyelonephritis, and is determined possibly by an affected immune response secondary to malnutrition and by the presence of urolithiasis.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children. 396 40

During a one-year morbidity survey of urinary tract diseases in general practice 741 cases were diagnosed. Only about half of all the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection had significant bacteriuria. In young women urinary tract infections and symptoms from the urinary tract without bacteriuria-in particular urethritis-were found to predominate. In middle-aged women, the urinary tract symptoms were ascribed increasingly to genital prolapse, while incidence of urolithiasis was the highest in any group, and urinary tract infections became less frequent. The prevalence of urinary tract infection showed another increase in elderly women, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis, which occurs with a steadily increasing prevalence throughout all age groups, became common.In younger male urological patients diseases with symptoms of urinary tract infection without bacteriuria were predominant, whereas prostatitis and urinary tract infections were less frequent. In middle-aged men, urolithiasis was especially frequent, while an increasing proportion of elderly men had prostatic hypertrophy, urinary tract infections, and recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of urinary tract diseases in general practice. 418 93

A newly designed urolithiasis model for rats, inducing a mild urinary tract infection, exhibiting reduced renal damage without pyelonephritis and causing reliable stone formation, was established. This was accomplished by implanting a zinc disc in the bladder and then performing transvesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis into the bladder. Five days after challenge with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis in each rat, the number of organisms in the bladder urine reached a level of over 10(5) colony forming units per ml. The infection was mostly restricted to the urinary tract organs. Infectious bladder stones were formed 5 days after infection and developed day by day, weighing 88.3 +/- 18.8 mg. on the 21st day. Blood urea nitrogen values stayed in the normal range in all test animals during this experiment. The main composition of the stones formed was shown to be struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6H2O).
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PMID:A newly designed model for infection-induced bladder stone formation in the rat. 638 7

The problems and interactions of urolithiasis and monorenality are presented in a survey covering four essential parameters: --Urolithiasis as an indication for nephrectomy: One nephrectomy in four is performed because of urolithiasis. This rate of nephrectomy has not changed in the last 50 years. --Recidive urolithiasis in the residual kidney: Around 37% of all monorenal persons have a diseased single or residual kidney. On average one in four cases of residual kidney disease is caused by urolithiasis. This recidive calculus quota has also not significantly changed in recent decades. --Lethality of operations on the residual kidney: Urolithiasis is becoming almost the only indication for operating on a residual kidney; due to postrenal anuria, uraemia and urosepsis a large percentage of such operations are emergency operations under extremely unfavourable initial conditions. Despite the use of modern methods of medical treatment the lethality rate is for this reason still relatively high (7-15%). --Life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis: The life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis is clearly limited due to further complications (chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonia, urinary stasis and uraemia). It is therefore absolutely necessary for monorenal persons with urolithiasis to have intensive observation and urological treatment.
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PMID:[Urinary calculi and the single kidney]. 663 73

We performed circle tube nephrostomy in 17 patients using a newly designed catheter. The catheter which we called 'Chiba Nephrostomy Circle tube' consisted of a silicon tube which has three holes in the middle portion, and a metal connector. The renal function recovered to normal in 12 of the 17 patients (recovery rate 71%), improved in 4 (24%), and remained unchanged in only one patient. Although temporal urinary leakage occurred in 5 patients (29%), there were no serious complications with this newly designed tube. Furthermore, pyelonephritis, renal bleeding and urolithiasis, which occasionally occur by single nephrostomy, did not occur with this method. Thus, we proved the clinical usefulness of the newly designed circle tube.
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PMID:[Circle tube nephrostomy--designing of a circle tube and connector]. 667 2

343 patients with disease of solitary kidney were analysed. Urolithiasis was found in 230 of them. Incidence of chronic pyelonephritis was 91, renal hypertension 50 and chronic renal failure 63 per cent. Urinary obstruction took place in 140 (61%) patients. 312 operations were performed on 175 patients. 149 anuric patients were operated, 92 underwent ureteric catheterisation and 16 hemodialysis. Primary operative lethality was 5 and recurrence rate 36 per cent.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of patients with urinary calculi of a solitary kidney]. 671 Nov 54

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

Urologic diseases such as urolithiasis, anomalies of the kidney and efferent urinary tracts as well as pyelonephritis and, more rarely, tumors of kidney and urinary bladder can be the cause of surgical operations during pregnancy. Inflammation is the most frequent complication starting from the urinary tract during pregnancy. Diagnosis and therapy have to take into consideration consequences arising from these examination techniques. The special problems of treatment of malign tumors of kidney and urinary bladder, and pregnancy after transplantation and ureterobowel implantation will be reported.
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PMID:[Operations of urological diseases during pregnancy (author's transl)]. 704 Aug 62

Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi developed in the urinary bladders and urethras of four of five offspring of Miniature Schnauzer parents with recurrent struvite urolithiasis. Calculi were detected by radiograhy when the dogs were 12 to 15 months old. Males and females were affected. A significant number of urease-producing staphylococci were identified in the urine of three of four dogs before urolith formation, and in one dog after urolith formation. The dogs were evaluated until they were 26 months old. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were inside usual limits throughout the study. Abnormalities that might predispose to urinary tract infection were not identified by radiography or necropsy studies. In one dog, bladder calculi recurred after surgical removal of multiple cystoliths. In another, urethral obstruction and acute generalized pyelonephritis induced a lethal uremic crisis. Gross and microscopic lesions, detected after necropsy of all dogs with uroliths, were typical of bacterial infection.
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PMID:Struvite urolithiasis in a litter of miniature Schnauzer dogs. 740 90


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