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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analyze the status of cationic transmembranous transport in leukocytes in patients with chronic secondary pyelonephritis (CPN) as related to the clinical manifestations of pathology and immune response. 117 patients with CPN were examined. In 58 patients, pyelonephritis was associated with nephrolithiasis, in 59 with different abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract. The immunity status was examined according to the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, T and B lymphocytes, complement (CH50), the phagocytic neutrophil test and secretory IgA in the urine. In white blood cells, a study was made of the activity of Mg(2+)-, Na(+)-K(+)-, Ca(2+)-ATPases. As a result of the studies the patients were found to have low functional activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase during the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis. Analysis of the frequency of enzymatic activity values showed their nonuniformity. In some patients, it was lowered (less than X--1), whereas in others, it appeared increased (over X+1). Patients with an enzymatic activity below X--1 manifested a decrease of the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, T and B lymphocytes, and of phagocytic activity of neutrophils as compared to patients exhibiting a high enzymatic activity. The conclusion is made about the relationship between enzymatic function and immune response. It is recommended that drugs possessing membrane-protective and reparative pharmacological effects be included into multimodality therapy.
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PMID:[Role of structuro-functional changes in cell membranes in the formation of the immune response in patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. 164 87

The authors observed 812 patients with nephrolithiasis who underwent 876 sessions of shock-wave lithotripsy on Sonolith-3000 lithotriptor supplied with an ultrasonic system of the stone localization. The size of nephroliths ranged from 0.7 to 4.2 cm. Large-size nephroliths required repeated sessions and pretreatment establishment of the stent. The procedure proceeded without anesthesia. Subsequent renal colic was reported in 126 (15.5%), an exacerbation of pyelonephritis in 45 (5.5%), subcapsular hematoma in 4 (0.5%) of the patients. 790 patients showed clinical response (97.3%), with a complete destruction of the stone in 446 (54.9%) and partial one in 344 (42.4%) cases. 27 subjects were treated in outpatient setting. According to the authors, lithotripsy is contraindicated in urinary tract obstruction below the stone, renal failure, chronic pyelonephritis in the active phase of inflammation, marked impairment of cardiac rhythm.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on the Sonolith-3000 apparatus]. 175 17

Dynamic scintigraphy with lasix (urosemide) in 59 patients with hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, chronic pyelonephritis, ureterohydronephrosis on an initial scintigram has shown retention of 99mTc-DTPA in the urinary tracts: an increase or absence of the excretory segment on the activity-time curve up to the appearance of an obstructive type of a curve. Verified operative findings in 19 patients with hydronephrosis and nephrolithiasis have shown a high sensitivity and accuracy of the detection of stenosis of the urinary tracts in the absence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram irrespective of the fact whether it appears or not on a scintigram after lasix administration. Stenosis of the ureteropelvic segment can be observed in the presence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram with a prolonged half-period of RP excretion; its 2-fold decrease is noted on a scintigram after lasix administration.
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PMID:[Dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys using lasix]. 194 85

In seven studies of complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections, 285 patients were treated with norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for 7-90 days. The majority of the patients were men, and many were elderly. Underlying diseases included nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis, prostatism, bacterial prostatitis, prostate cancer, retroperitoneal fibrosis, quadriplegia/paraplegia, neurogenic bladder, and urethral stricture. Many of the infections were due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other multiply resistant strains. More than 95% of the pretreatment bacterial isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin. The bacteriologic cure rate ranged from 67 to 100%. Of 45 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, 40 (89%) were cured. Few failures of treatment were due to the emergence of bacterial resistance. Of 29 recurrent infections, 6 (20%) were caused by resistant bacteria. Both clinical and laboratory adverse reactions were infrequent and minor, and rarely required discontinuation of therapy. Norfloxacin appears to be an effective drug with an excellent safety profile for the treatment of complicated and recurrent UTIs.
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PMID:Review of norfloxacin in complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections. 219 65

Ultrasonography in 52 pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis has been found to be a useful marker of efficacy of aggressive care. Reversal of inflammation in acute pyelonephritis without an associated disease reduced the kidney size and restored urine flow by the end of the 7-9th day of therapy. In pyelonephritis coexisting with nephrolithiasis, reversal of inflammation did not completely restore urine flow until a stone in the urinary tract was passed or surgically removed. The clinical patterns of pyelonephritis were elucidated in congenital renal malformations. The urine flow was completely restored and kidney sizes were maximally contracted postpartum. With an early therapy, the fetal development was appropriate for gestational age. Frequently relapsing pyelonephritis concomitant with toxemia or severe congenital renal disease led to intrauterine growth retardation.
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PMID:[Echographic dynamic control of the urinary system and fetal development in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis]. 219 93

A 70-year-old man suffering from nephrolithiasis developed acute pyelonephritis following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal stones. After 10 days, urosepsis complicated by meningitis was diagnosed, and 72 hours later he developed right panophthalmitis with perforation of the globe, which was treated by enucleation. A week later, while on cefotaxime and cefuroxime, a focal infectious process developed in the retina of the left eye's posterior pole, spreading into the vitreous and causing retinal detachment. The patient was treated by vitrectomy and retinal detachment surgery, with good anatomical results. The functional result, however, was poor. Endophthalmitis is a possible complication, through rare, of urosepsis in patients undergoing shock wave lithotripsy.
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PMID:Klebsiella metastatic endophthalmitis--a complication of shock wave lithotripsy. 234 68

The paper presented the experience in the prevention of infectious complications during the renal surgery developed both in the organ operated on (acute postsurgical pyelonephritis) and in the surgical wound later. The package of prophylactic measures was employed in 48 patients operated on for the diseases of kidneys and urinary tract (nephrolithiasis predominantly). It included aseptic, antiseptic techniques, antibacterial treatment and preventive treatment in the pre-, intra- and postoperative periods, as well as intraoperative irrigation of the wound with antiseptic solutions and postoperative local therapy. Antibacterial prophylaxis was started 3-5 days or at night before the indicated surgery. Antibiotics were administered only after a careful adjustment of the dosage. Their intravenous (mainly) injections were performed under the effect of preliminary anesthetics. Clinical materials for microbiological and pharmacokinetic monitoring were being taken during the operation. Sodium chloride solution was electrolyzed and the obtained sodium hypochloride was used for the sanation of pyogangrenous foci. Patients with pyodestructive renal lesions developed in the presence of active chronic or acute pyelonephritis and the drainage of the urinary tract underwent 5-7-day antibacterial therapy. The aforementioned preventive measures allowed the authors to gain a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative pyelonephritis (from 94.2 to 31.2 per cent) and wound infection (from 19.2 to 8.3 per cent), as well as bacteremia (from 32.3 to 5.4). Postsurgical complications (acute pyelonephritis and wound infection), if appeared, ran a relatively favorable course and were cured 3-5 days later. Uroseptic conditions were not observed.
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PMID:[The prevention of infectious-inflammatory complications in operations on the kidney]. 239 36

Recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney was previously thought to be responsible for the renal scarring typical of chronic pyelonephritis until recent studies suggested that recurrent bacteriuria rarely produces chronic pyelonephritis in the absence of obstructive uropathy. In contrast, the association between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and chronic pyelonephritis has been observed frequently in the absence of urinary infection. Although the mechanism by which VUR injures the kidney has not been defined, recent observations have suggested that some component of urine might serve as an antigenic determinant involved in the immunopathogenesis of renal scarring in VUR. Therefore, the present studies investigated the immunopathogenic role of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in (1) a rabbit model of tubulointerstitial nephritis; (2) a swine model of reflux nephropathy; and (3) patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. The antigenic similarities between THP and uropathic bacteria were also studied. Our observations indicate that autoimmune responses to THP may occur after exposure to THP by intravenous challenge in rabbits, by urinary reflux in pigs, and in recurrent nephrolithiasis in man. Also, extracts of uropathic coliforms competitively inhibit the binding of human THP to its antibody. These studies suggest that autoimmune responses to THP may be the pathogenetic mechanism by which these factors, including bacteriuria, contribute to "chronic pyelonephritis."
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PMID:The role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. 241 54

A 59-year-old white male presented with a triamterene renal stone and pyelonephritis, requiring percutaneous lithotomy. A combination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene had been previously prescribed despite no history of hypokalemia. The indications for potassium replacement therapy and risks of triamterene nephrolithiasis are reviewed.
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PMID:Triamterene nephrolithiasis. 249 37

The authors studied the renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration, indices of osmoregulating and ion-regulating renal function in 382 patients with hydronephrosis. Regularities of functional changes in the absence of infection, pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis with uni- and bilateral processes and hydronephrosis of the single kidney.
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PMID:[Kidney function in patients with hydronephrosis complicated by pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis]. 260 30


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