Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The somatic (O) and casular (K) antigens of Escherichia coli from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and in the faeces of healthy schoolchildren have been investigated. Typing antisera for sixteen capsular acidic polysaccharide K antigens were used, and five (numbers 1, 2, 3, 12, and 13) accounted for 70% of isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis. These five K antigens were found to a lesser extent in the three other study groups. Thus, only a few K polysaccharides are associated with virulent properties of E. coli for the upper urinary tract. This finding is similar to the association of only some capsular types of pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae with invasiveness. The identification of virulence markers for E. coli associated with upper-urinary-tract disease may permit more successful control with reference to preventive immunisation.
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PMID:Frequency of E. coli K antigens in urinary-tract infections in children. 6 70

1. Cefuroxime (CXM) was studied for absorption and excretion in 4 pediatric patients given one shot intravenous injection of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg. The following serum levels were determined: 24.5 approximately 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes (mean 33.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml), 10.0 approximately 17.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hours (mean 13.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml), 3.4 approximately 7.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours (mean 5.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml, 0.7 approximately 2.1 micrograms/ml at 4 hours (mean 1.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, 0.1 approximately 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours (mean 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram microgram/ml). Half-life (T 1/2) was 0.65 approximately 0.88 hour (mean 0.75 +/- 0.10 hour). Urinary levels were 1,280 approximately 7,100 micrograms/ml at 0 approximately 2 hours, 96 approximately 3,400 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours, 68 approximately 250 micrograms/ml at 4 approximately 6 hours. Urinary recovery rate at 0 approximately 6 hours was 54.1 approximately 74.4% (mean 61.8 +/- 9.4%). 2. From the study on spinal fluid concentration in pediatric patients with Haemophilus influenzae-induced meningitis, the dose of CXM 52.2 mg/kg was given to 1 pediatric case with this disease by one shot intravenous injection. Spinal fluid levels were presumed as 9.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 6.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. 3. CXM was studied in 19 pediatric patients with bacterial infection for clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and side effect. Clinical result was found good in 1 with purulent meningitis; excellent in 9 out of 15 with acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, and good in remaining 6 cases; good in 2 with acute bronchitis; excellent in 1 with acute pyelonephritis. This represents efficacy ("excellent" plus "good") rate of 100%. Of 5 strains of H. influenzae presumed as causative organisms, 4 were disappeared and 1 was reduced. Two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 strain of Escherichia coli were disappeared. No side effect was noted in terms of clinical symptom. Laboratory examination showed elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, but these elevated values returned to normal after the end of the CXM treatment.
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PMID:[Study of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 51 99

PC-904 was administered to 16 pediatric patients and the following basic and clinical results were obtained. (1) PC-904 was administered 20 approximately 30 mg/kg. The serum peak level of PC-904 after drip intravenous infusion over 1 hour was 66.7 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 67.8 minutes. PC-904 was administered 25 approximately 30 mg/kg intravenous one shot injection was 49.4 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 52.2 minutes. (2) Urinary excretion rate was about 20% up to 6 hours after drip intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg. In a case of intravenous one shot injection of 25 approximately 30 mg/kg, the excretion rate was 11.9 approximately 19.9%. (3) PC-904 was administered 60 approximately 120 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 48 days to 5 cases of sepsis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of pneumonia, 2 of sss syndrome (staphylococcal scald skin syndrome) and 3 of pyelonephritis. Clinical effects were excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases, effective ratio being 100%. (4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter anitratus and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904, and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced. (5) As to the side effect by PC-904, s-GOT and s-GPT were elevated in 2 cases. Anemia, rash and fever were observed in each 1 case out of 16 patients though the causal relation with the agent was unknown.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on new semisynthetic penicillin, PC-904, in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 65

SQ 14,359 is a new cephamycin-type (7alpha-OCH3) antibiotic belonging to a series containing a 7alpha-ureidoacetyl substituent. The compound is the most potent extended spectrum derivative of this type yet reported, surpassing CS-1170 and cefoxitin by a wide margin. This activity in vitro which extends throughout the Enterobacteriaceae is particularly prominent against Gram-negative organisms that are producers of "cephalosporinase-type" beta-lactamases such as Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter and indole-positive Proteus species. Superior activity also is demonstrated in vitro against streptococci, beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and many Gram-negative pathogens resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Experimental chemotherapeutic studies have confirmed these observations in wound and selected systemic infections in mice as well as acute pyelonephritis and meningitis in rats. The pharmacokinetics for each drug including antibiotic bound to serum was similar in both mice and rats. The pharmacokinetic profile in blood and cerebrospinal fluid favored SQ 14,359.
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PMID:Cephamycin derivatives: comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of SQ 14,359, CS-1170, and cefoxitin. 71 11

The pharmacokinetics and the clinical effectiveness of meropenem (MEPM) were examined in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A 4-year-6-month-old girl with suppurative meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae) was treated by intravenous drip infusion of MEPM in a daily dose of 29 mg/kg which was divided into 4 dosages, each dosage being infused over 30 minutes, and the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was determined. Upon completion of infusion on the 2nd day of treatment, the drug concentration was 2.52 micrograms/ml, which corresponded to 3.6% of the drug concentration in the blood. 2. MEPM was used in 10 patients, including 3 with suppurative lymphnoditis, 2 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and 1 each with pneumonia, suppurative meningitis, suppurative knee arthritis, facial phlegmon and pyelonephritis. The daily doses ranged from 30 to 117.6 mg/kg, divided into 3 to 4 dosages and administered via intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes. Clinical responses were evaluated as very good in 7 patients, good in 2 patients and fair in 1 patient, with an efficacy rate of 90%. 3. Isolated pathogens were 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 strains of Haemopilus influenzae. All of the 6 strains were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 100%. 4. In the safety evaluation, none of the patients was observed to have any side effects. Furthermore, no abnormal variations were found in laboratory test data possibly attributable to administration of MEPM.
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PMID:[Studies on meropenem in the field of pediatrics]. 152 81

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of R-3746 (Na-salt of cefpodoxime (CPDX] against clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae were compared with those of cefaclor, cephalexin and cefadroxil. R-3746 is superior to other antibiotics against S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, B. catarrhalis and Gram-negative rods. 2. Serum concentrations of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR at doses of 3 mg/kg (fasting), 6 mg/kg (non-fasting) and 6 mg/kg (fasting) were determined. Mean AUC (area under curve)'s of CPDX obtained were 9.60, 31.35 and 17.89 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively for the 3 dosages. The mean half-lives of CPDX were 3.35, 1.88 and 1.76 hours, respectively. The mean urinary recovery rate within 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR at a dose of 3 mg/kg (fasting) was 39.2%. 3. CPDX-PR was administered to 37 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 9, cystitis 4, pneumonia 7, acute bronchitis 3, otitis media 2, tonsillitis 10, subcutaneous abscess 1 and purulent lymphadenitis 1). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.9% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was also 91.9%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were moderate, eosinophilia in 2 and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. The taste and the odor of the CPDX-PR preparation was sufficiently tolerable. From the above results we have concluded that CPDX-PR is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field]. 256 89

The therapeutic efficacy of ticarcillin/clavulanate was assessed in 71 patients with severe infections: 38 acute pyelonephritis, 16 septicaemia and 19 miscellaneous infections. The patients were classified according to their renal function in: Group A, normal (16 cases); B, mild renal impairment (RI) with creatinine clearance (Clcr) between 80 and 40 ml/min (18 cases); C, moderate RI with Clcr between 40 and 15 ml/min (12 cases); D, severe RI with (Clcr) between 15 and 5 ml/min (13 cases) and E, terminal with (Clcr) less than 5 ml/min (12 cases). A total of 105 microorganisms (48.6% resistant to ticarcillin): 31 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 Escherichia coli, 21 other Enterobacteriaceae, 2 Haemophilus influenzae, 10 Bacteroides spp., 14 enterococci, 8 staphylococci and 1 streptococcus, were isolated. All except six Ps. aeruginosa were sensitive to ticarcillin/clavulanate, using 75:10 microgram discs. Bacteriological eradication was obtained in 97% of the cases on the third day and at the end of treatment, and in 82% of the cases after one month. In all the assessable cases, the clinical symptoms disappeared on the third day except in one patient who developed a resistant strain (Klebsiella oxytoca). The wide range of bacteria assessed and the clinical-bacteriological success rates demonstrated that the ticarcillin/clavulanate combination had an efficacy/safety profile that could be considered excellent. Tolerance was good and side effects were not observed. This study confirms the practical efficacy of the recommended dosages derived from our previous kinetic studies in RI.
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PMID:Ticarcillin/clavulanate in severe infections in patients with varying renal function. 260 15

On the basis of intensified surveillance in Finland we report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease based on 333 consecutive culture-proved cases recorded during 1985 and 1986. The annual incidence rate among children younger than 5 years of age was 52/100,000; 46% of patients had meningitis, 29% had epiglottitis and 25% had other forms of invasive disease. The median age of patients was 27 months, with 45% younger than 2 years of age. Meningitis and epiglottitis were found more often among boys than among girls, whereas the opposite was found among patients with other types of invasive disease (P = 0.015). Among the latter 68% of children with pneumonia or septicemia were 2 years or older compared with 32% of patients with arthritis, cellulitis or pyelonephritis (P = 0.009). These background data are essential for correct interpretation and application of results from trials with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines that are currently ongoing in Finland.
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PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among children in Finland before vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. 265 19

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) were carried out in the field of pediatrics. 1. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of SBT/ABPC were studied in 4 children with ages 6 to 8 years. The mean serum concentration of SBT at 15 minutes following a single intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg of SBT/ABPC was 27.4 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml and that of ABPC was 42.8 +/- 3.9 micrograms/ml, and their concentrations declined with mean half-lives of 1.06 +/- 0.15 hours and 0.84 +/- 0.05 hour, respectively, and at 6 hours were 0.3 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml and 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml on the average, respectively. The urinary recovery rates of SBT and ABPC at 6 hours after the injection were 59.0 +/- 22.4% and 58.4 +/- 25.3% on the average, respectively. 2. Clinical study SBT/ABPC was used for the treatment of a total of 36 pediatric patients with ages ranging 2 months to 11 years and it's clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated. Clinical efficacies in 5 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, 26 with acute pneumonia and 1 with acute pyelonephritis were judged to be excellent in 27 cases and good in 5 cases with an overall efficacy ratio of 100.0%. Clinical efficacies in 6 patients whose infections were caused by beta-lactamase producing strains were judged to be excellent in all cases. Bacteriological efficacies of SBT/ABPC were assessed on 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase producing strain), 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 16 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (5 beta-lactamase producing strains and 11 non-beta-lactamase producing strains), 1 non-beta-lactamase strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 2 strains of Escherichia coli (non-beta-lactamase producing strains). All strains except 1 strain of H. influenzae (beta-lactamase producing strain) which decreased in number were eradicated with a bacteriological eradication rate of 95.5%. Only 1 patient complained of diarrhea which was suspected to be related to the drug. No other side effect was reported. Elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in only 1 patient. The above results suggested that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug with preferable safety profile in the treatment for pediatric patients with infectious disease caused by beta-lactamase producing strains as well as those by non-beta-lactamase producing strains.
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PMID:[Studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 266 50

Sulbactam/Ampicillin (SBT/ABPC), a combination at a fixed ratio of ABPC and SBT which is an irreversible inhibitor of beta-lactamase in a 2:1 ratio, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 24 patients with ages from 5 month-old to 12 years old with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 30 mg/kg SBT/ABPC administration by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous bolus injection showed that mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 48.9 minutes and 40.2 minutes, respectively, and mean urinary excretion rates of SBT and ABPC in the first 6 hours were 67.1% and 48.3%, respectively. 2. SBT/ABPC was administered to 14 patients with bronchopneumonia, 4 patients with tonsillitis, a patient each with acute upper respiratory infection, with submandibular lymphadenitis, with phlegmon, with enterocolitis, with pyelonephritis and with cystitis at a daily dosage of 88.2-133.3 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 24 patients were as follows: excellent: 17 patients, good: 7 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Neither clinical adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values, except slight eosinophilia in a patient and an elevation of GOT, GPT in another were observed. 4. MICs of SBT/ABPC against 7 strong beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from some of the patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.13 micrograms/ml, MICs against 2 out of 5 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.10 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 3 strains were 0.20 microgram/ml. MIC against a strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae was 3.13 micrograms/ml. 5. These data described above show that SBT/ABPC has excellent bactericidal capacity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria as well as beta-lactamase non-producing Gram-positive and negative bacteria and suggest that SBT/ABPC is a very useful antibiotic for pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 266 51


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