Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 is increasingly being recognized as a cause of infectious colitis, which typically results in bloody diarrhoea in an afebrile patient. The absence of fever often means that an infectious process is not considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly as this organism will not be detected in routine stool cultures. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy may increase the risk of development of haemolytic uraemic syndrome, a potentially fatal complication of this form of colitis, hence the importance of accurate diagnosis. On CT, it is characterized by severe diffuse colonic wall thickening, with little or no pericolic inflammatory changes. The radiologist may be the first to suspect the correct diagnosis and so should be aware of its imaging appearances. We report the case of a 19-year-old man who presented with typical radiological findings of enterohaemorrhagic colitis and whose CT also showed evidence of acute pyelonephritis; we suggest that this combination of abnormalities should further heighten radiologists' suspicions of infection due to E. coli 0157:H7, despite the absence of fever.
 ...
PMID:Escherichia coli 0157 enterohaemorrhagic colitis associated with pyelonephritis: CT findings. 1932 40

The main organs in the left iliac fossa are the descending colon, sigmoid colon and, in women, internal reproductive organs. An infection of the left iliac fossa must lead the clinician firstly to suspect diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon in older patients and salpingitis in women of childbearing age. Other less common aetiologies are possible (inflammatory or infectious colitis, epiploic appendagitis, abscess of the psoas, pyelonephritis, renal abscess, etc.). Sonography as a first-line investigation may lead to diagnosis (especially in gynaecological disease), but a CT scan with intravenous injection of an iodine-containing contrast medium will allow for a full assessment of disease spread, and complications of sigmoid colitis or its differential diagnoses (abscess, fistula, perforation) to be investigated. It can also be used to guide percutaneous drainage or fine-needle aspiration for microbiology investigations.
 ...
PMID:Imaging in infections of the left iliac fossa. 2252 76

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and demographic distribution of colonic diverticulitis (CD) and alternative diagnoses (AD), as well as the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in patients with suspected CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study retrospectively included 1069 patients (560 women) undergoing MDCT for the evaluation of suspected CD. The prevalence of CD and AD was determined and the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT calculated. The final clinical diagnosis derived from the discharge report served as the standard of reference. Prevalence of diagnoses by age, sex, and admission status were compared using Cochran-Armitage, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS. Prevalence of CD was 52.5% (561/1069) and of AD was 39.9% (427/1069). In the remaining 7.6% (81/1069) no final clinical diagnosis was established. The most frequent AD were appendicitis (12.6%, 54/427), infectious colitis (10.5%, 45/427), infectious gastroenteritis (8.2%, 35/427), urolithiasis (6.1%, 26/427), and pyelonephritis (4.9%, 21/427). The prevalence of diverticulitis and AD varied statistically significantly according to both age (p < 0.001) and admission status (p < 0.001). Also, the prevalence of the 10 most frequent specific AD varied statistically significantly according to sex (p = 0.022). CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 99.1% and 99.8% for diagnosing CD and 92.7% and 98.8% for AD, respectively. CONCLUSION. In about 40% of patients with suspected diverticulitis a broad spectrum of AD is causative for symptoms. MDCT provides high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of diverticulitis and AD. The prevalence of diagnoses is related to admission status and demographic data; in particular age-related AD have to be considered in patients with clinically suspected diverticulitis.
 ...
PMID:MDCT in the Setting of Suspected Colonic Diverticulitis: Prevalence and Diagnostic Yield for Diverticulitis and Alternative Diagnoses. 3231 96