Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Schistosoma haematobium eggs may occasionally be found in the renal parenchyma, usually with no pathological consequences, the main risk to the kidney being obstruction of the urinary tract by bilharzial lesions. Egg deposits in the submucosa and muscles of the excretory tract induce obstruction and sclerosis, mainly in the ureters. Bilateral stenosing bilharzial ureteritis results in mechanical obstruction of the renal function, sometimes, unfortunately, accentuated by sepsis and pyelonephritis. This condition is a strong indication for surgical repair of the stenotic lesions of the urinary tract, which must be performed before the onset of irreversible damage to the renal function.
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PMID:[Chronic renal insufficiency in urogenital bilharziasis]. 631 18

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

1. MIC of 6059-S against 92 strains of clinically isolated bacteria were measured. The compound was active against most of Gram-negative rods, but was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. 2. 20 mg/kg of 6059-S (newly synthesized oxacephem antibiotics) was administered to the pediatric patients and its blood concentration was measured by agar well method using E. coli 7437 as a test organism. 3. The mean blood concentrations were maximum at 15 minutes after intravenous one-bolus injection. Maximum levels were 94.5 mcg/ml in the patients of below 5 years old and 98.7 mcg/ml above 6 years old. Their half-life of the blood levels were 95.4 and 110.6 minutes respectively. 4. The mean blood concentrations were highest at the end of the infusion in the cases of 60 minutes drip injection. Maximum levels were 85.0 mcg/ml in the patients of below 5 years old and 64.8 mcg/ml above 6 years old. 5. Clinical efficacy of 6059-S in 6 cases pyelonephritis, 2 cases of sepsis, 1 case of meningitis, 1 case of intraperitoneal abscess, 9 cases pneumonia and 2 case of tonsillitis was 100%. In the case of urinary tract infection, 4 patients were treated successfully by the administration of 20 mg/kg/day of 6059-S. Other bacterial infections were treated with 55 to 200 mg/kg/day. 6. 100% of the causative organisms were eliminated by 6059-S. They were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, H. influenzae and beta-Streptococcus. 7. No remarkable side effect was noticed during administration.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical examinations of 6059-S in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 645 66

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study Two patients, 7 years and 10 months of age (22 kg of body weight) and 9 years of age (28 kg of body weight), were administered 20 mg/kg of CTT by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion. Serum levels of CTT were 148 micrograms/ml and 92 micrograms/ml immediately after the end of drip, 118 micrograms/ml and 63 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the drip infusion. 76 micrograms/ml and 39 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after, 34 micrograms/ml and 18.2 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after and 18 micrograms/ml and 8.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after. Serum half-lives calculated were 1.92 hours and 1.78 hours respectively. Clinical study CTT was administered to a total of 14 patients, 3 with pneumonia, 2 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 with acute enteritis, each one with acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, sepsis, acute lymphadenitis, stomatitis and measles. Because that stomatitis and measles, however, were not indications of CTT, 2 cases with those diseases were excluded. CTT was administered at daily dose of 40 to 73 mg/kg in 2 to 4 portions for 3 to 5.5 days by intravenous drip infusion. Marked response was seen in 2 cases, moderate response in 9 and no response in 1, thus effectiveness rate was 91.7%. Neither side effects nor abnormal clinical laboratory findings were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 29

Peripheral blood lymphocyte cell surface markers were studied in 146 patients with various forms of acute infection using B cell identification with antisurface immunoglobulin and T cell subset enumeration with hybridoma T cell subpopulation reagents. Significant depression was recorded in total numbers of T cells and T cell helper-inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic subsets in pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, and severe generalized sepsis. In addition, proportions of T cells being the OKT4 helper-inducer phenotype were reduced only in patients over the age of 60 with pneumonia or sepsis. Patients with severe infection frequently had multiple T cell phenotypic surface marker abnormalities. In some instances, when depressions of total T cell numbers as well as respective helper-inducer or suppressor-cytotoxic T cells were noted in the face of generalized sepsis, lack of improvement in these abnormalities during the course of treatment was associated with rapid clinical deterioration and death. On the contrary, in patients with a successful response to appropriate therapy, initial depressions of total T cell numbers and subsets improved progressively with clinical resolution of sepsis and illness.
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PMID:Alterations in lymphocyte cell surface markers during various human infections. 660 84

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip. 665 39

Cephaloridin (ceporin of "Pliva", Yugoslavia) was used in the treatment of patients after allotransplantation of the kidney from a cadaver during the early postoperative period with a purpose of prevention (5 patients) and therapy of complications, such as pneumonia (7 patients), sepsis (3 patients), pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney (4 patients). The drug levels in the blood serum and urine were determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after the administration. The drug was used with regard for the transplant function estimated by the data of the glomerular filtration and concentration of the nitrous residues in the blood. The antibiotic dose depended on the transplant function. The study provided some recommendations as for the ceporin use in therapy of such population of patients.
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PMID:[Use of Ceporin after a cadaveric kidney allograft]. 698 23

Symptomatic cryptococcal pyelonephritis, meningitis, and disseminated cryptococcosis are described in a renal cadaver transplant recipient who subsequently died of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. The presence of cryptococcuria and a subsequent positive CSF India ink stain led to the initial diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis. Therapy with 0.511 g of amphotericin B and 112.5 g of flucytosine for four weeks did not eradicate Cryptococcus from the kidney and was associated with hepatotoxicity. The importance of urinary examination and culture for C neoformans is emphasized. Cryptococcal pyelonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of allograft rejection in the renal transplant patient.
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PMID:Cryptococcal pyelonephritis and disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient. 700 68

A case of Torulopsis glabrata pyelonephritis associated with papillary necrosis is presented. Torulopsis glabrata is a potential pathogen in the urinary tract capable of producing renal damage, sepsis and death. In this case the involved kidney sustained progressive damage, necessitating nephrectomy for cure. Examination of the kidney showed fungal involvement of the parenchyma and collecting system.
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PMID:Torulopsis pyelonephritis associated with papillary necrosis: a case report. 718 7

Ceftezole (CTZ) was administered to 20 patients with hematopoietic malignancy complicated with infections. These patients consisted of 7 cases of AML, 2 ALL, 2 AMMoL, 1 APL, 1 blast crisis of CML, 2 HD, and 5 NHL. In 13 cases, sites of infection were determined and causative organisms were identified. In other 7 cases, sites of infection or causative organisms were unknown. In the former 13 cases, pneumonia was demonstrated in 6 patients, tonsillitis in 4 patients, pyelonephritis in 2 patients and sepsis in 1 patient. Klebsiella was separated from 5 patients as the causative organisms, E. coli from 2 patients, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1 patient, Pseudomonas cepacia from 1 patient, Streptococcus viridans from 2 patients, Proteus from 1 patient and Torulopsis from 1 patient. Gram-negative rods were separated from 10 of the 13 cases (77%) as the causative organisms. CTZ was administered intravenously in dose from 4 g to 16 g per day combined with other antibiotics (AMK, GM, DKB, TOB, SBPC, CBPC, LC, ST). The response rate in 12 cases of acute leukemia and in 7 cases of malignant lymphoma was 58% and 43%, respectively. Infections occurred in 4 patients with less than 100 neutrophil per mm3 did never favorably responded even with CTZ.
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PMID:[Treatment of infection in the patients wih hematopoietic malignancy with ceftezole (Falomesin) (author's transl)]. 721 16


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