Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The three most commonly used aminoglycosides in obstetrics and gynecology are gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. These drugs bind to subunits of the ribosome and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. They are primarily active against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Their principal adverse effects are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockage. They may be administered intramuscularly or intravenously and usually are used in combination with other drugs for treatment of disorders such as pyelonephritis, chorioamnionitis, puerperal endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
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PMID:The aminoglycosides. 143 28

A wide variety of focal and diffuse infectious processes involve the abdomen. At one extreme are diseases such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, conditions usually diagnosed without imaging studies and treated without complications. At the other extreme are abdominal abscesses, which may defy clinical diagnosis, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and may remain undetected or insufficiently characterized in spite of multiple imaging studies. The limited diagnostic value of clinical evaluation and plain film radiography in abscess detection has lead to widespread use of sophisticated imaging techniques including Gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy, Indium-111 WBC (111In-WBC) scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US). Abdominal abscesses occur in a wide variety of anatomic sites, may involve any abdominal organ system, and have a number of different causes. The heterogeneity of the disease process and the varying capabilities of the different imaging techniques (with respect to site and organ system) make reliance on a single technique undesirable. An algorithmic approach using 67Ga or 111In-WBC scintigraphy, CT, and US provides a logical and clinically practical approach to complicated abdominal infection. By recognizing differences in clinical presentation and by appreciating the diagnostic strengths and weaknesses of nuclear medicine, CT, and US, the algorithm provides a reliable and direct route to accurate diagnosis while minimizing unnecessary examinations.
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PMID:Correlative imaging in abdominal infection: an algorithmic approach using nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and computed tomography. 306 84

A 54-year-old woman with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and pyelonephritis developed persistent hyperamylasemia with transient increases in the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Even though chronic pancreatitis was suspected clinically, at postmortem examination the pancreas was found to be normal. We suggest that the hyperamylasemia resulted from entry into the circulation of amylase produced within sequestered endosalpingeal epithelial cysts, possibly amplified by impaired renal clearance. Thus, the potential of the serum amylase assay as a sign of serous ovarian tumors is further indicated.
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PMID:Chronic hyperamylasemia and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. 618 53

A case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is presented. The patient is a 26-year-old woman who had a 10-year history of pelvic inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of this lesion appears similar to that of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Ultrastructural findings are presented and xanthogranulomatous lesions of the female genital tract are reviewed.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: an inflammatory pseudotumor of the ovary. 651 Nov 65

The appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing habits by resident physicians in a family practice center was evaluated. From a six-month period, 225 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed retrospectively, in a three-phase study. In the first phase, two physicians determined the validity of the diagnosis and treatment for each case, based on criteria suggested by current literature. In the second phase, the pharmacist investigators compared the prescribed regimens with the established criteria for appropviateness of drug choice, daily dose, dosage interval, and duration of therapy. In the third phase, charts were reviewed to determine if microbial cultures had been ordered. The diagnosis was accepted in 89% of the cases; of those, drug therapy was indicated for 84%, an appropriate drug was prescribed in 89%, daily dose was appropriate in 72%, dosage interval was acceptable in 75%, and duration of therapy was appropriate in 59%. Microbial cultures were commonly ordered for pharyngitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and gonococcal urethritis. Cultures were not ordered for tonsillitis, nongonococcal urethritis, prostatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. The prescribing patterns of a group of family practice residents were found to be in less than full compliance with standards in the literature. However, the importance of this finding is difficult to judge because there have been few such studies in ambulatory care settings and the validity of some of the criteria for appropriateness is not known.
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PMID:Antimicrobial use review in a family practice setting. 728 1

Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas), Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. primatum, M. Salivarium and M. pneumoniae have been isolated from the genitourinary tract. The first two of these microorganisms are found most frequently. M. hominis is a cause of some cases of postpartum and postabortal fever, acute pyelonephritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Ureaplasmas have been associated with chorioamnionitis, habitual spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, the urethral syndrome in women, and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men; but the difficulty of proving an etiological relationship is emphasized. However, in NGU there is accumulating evidence to indicate that ureaplasmas cause some cases. Some patients suffering from NGU, from whom ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas and chlamydiae cannot be isolated, respond to tetracycline therapy. This has suggested that a tetracycline-sensitive microorganism might be responsible. In this context, the isolation of a glucose-metabolizing mycoplasma from the genitourinary tracts of 2 of 13 men with NGU is of interest. This mycoplasma, serologically different from all other tested, has the structural and biological features of a pathogenic organism.
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PMID:Urogenital mycoplasma infections of man: a review with observations on a recently discovered mycoplasma. 728 95

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are common inhabitants of the human genital tract. Evidence for an aetiological role in pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, post-abortion and post-partum fever has been presented. There are sporadic reports of Mycoplasma causing serious extragenital infection such as septicemia, septic arthritis, neonatal meningitis and encephalitis. We review 38 cases of surgical infections with Mycoplasma.
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PMID:Surgical infections with Mycoplasma: a brief review. 911 82

Acute pyelonephritis is a clinical syndrome that can be confused with other conditions. To investigate this problem, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using two mutually exclusive sets of clinical criteria for acute pyelonephritis in women 15 years of age or older who presented to the emergency department of a university hospital. All patients had pyuria, and one group had documented fever (temperature of > or = 37.8 degrees C) while the other group had a temperature of < 37.8 degrees C but had other evidence of possible upper tract infection. The study cohort was comprised of 103 febrile and 201 afebrile patients. Afebrile hospitalized patients were ultimately found to have another diagnosis more often than were the febrile hospitalized patients (35% v 7%; P = .02), and the afebrile nonhospitalized patients were more likely to have another diagnosis than were the febrile nonhospitalized patients (13% v 0%; P = .004). Other diagnoses included cholecystitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and diverticulitis. The positive predictive value of the definition of pyelonephritis in the febrile group was 0.98, and it was 0.84 for the afebrile group. Physicians examining patients with clinical evidence of acute pyelonephritis but without objective fever should be alert for alternative diagnoses.
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PMID:Fever in the clinical diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. 911 15

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum can be isolated with considerable frequency from the human urogenital tract and are thought to cause various syndromes such as nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pyelonephritis or infertility. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the presence of different genital pathogens in patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and, in particular, the detection of mycoplasmas in individuals infected with genital microbes and an assessment of the presence of genital microorganisms in patients harbouring Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum. Furthermore, the occurrence of mycoplasmas in women with bacterial vaginosis was established. Specimens were collected from a total of 41,980 persons attending the Outpatients' Centre for Infectious Venero-Dermatological Diseases in Vienna from 1994 to 1996. Of all genital pathogens, Ureaplasma urealyticum was cultured most frequently in men and women. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected more often in the vaginal fluid than in the male urethra. By contrast, infection rates with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were higher in men than in women. In both men and women, trichomoniasis increased colonisation with Mycoplasma hominis, while mycoplasmas occurred less frequently together with genital candidiasis. Mycoplasma hominis was cultivated significantly more often in women with bacterial vaginosis than in those without. In contrast to urethral infections in men, cervical infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis raised the incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in the vaginal fluid.
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PMID:Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with sexually transmitted diseases. 928 64

Clinically, it is important to detect mycoplasmas because these organisms have been implicated in gastric and ovarian cancer, pneumonia, postabortal fever, pelvic inflammatory disease, pyelonephritis, endometritis, urethritis, perinatal mortality, arthritis, spontaneous abortion, infertility and interference with sperm development and they act as cofactors catalyzing the HIV disease state. Recently, the combined polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method targeting the consensus DNA of over 15 species of mycoplasmas was shown to be superior for the detection of mycoplasmas. The objective was to determine if there was an association between mycoplasmas and cervical neoplasia. Cervical tissues, histopathologically categorized by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade, flat or exophytic, and acanthosis or koilocytotic, were used. The results showed that mycoplasmas DNA were present in 21.4% of the condyloma tissues and in 33.3% of condyloma tissues with CIN. In contrast, mycoplasmas DNA were not detected when there were no CIN. The presence or absence of human papillomavirus (HPV) did not make a difference. Mycoplasmas DNA were present in 40.0 and 12.5% of the exophytic and flat condylomas, respectively. A higher percentage of cervical tissues graded with slight koilocytosis had (P = 0.05) mycoplasmas DNA compared with tissues graded with moderate koilocytosis. The detection of mycoplasmas DNA in archived cervical condyloma tissues with CIN corroborated previous reports of an association between mycoplasmas and CIN. However, the association between mycoplasmas and the presence of HPV could not be made in this study.
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PMID:Assessment of archived paraffin-embedded cervical condyloma tissues for mycoplasma-conserved DNA using sensitive PCR-ELISA. 982 68


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