Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The estimation of functional parameters of the lower urinary tract in 116 patients with chronic cystitis and 51 patients with chronic nonobstructive pyelonephritis was performed. Urethral instability was revealed in 53 (45.68%) patients with chronic cystitis (mean age, 40.72 +/- 14.45 years), detrusor overactivity--in 10 (8.62%, mean age, 45.55 +/- 13.45 years) patients. Variations in detrusor pressure were 22.16 +/- 15.8 cm H20. Combination of urethral instability and detrusor overactivity was diagnosed in 26 (22.4%) patients of the study group (mean age, 65.16 +/- 10.49 years). The maximum urethral pressure was 75.5 +/- 21.44 cm H2O, variations in urethral pressure--37.45 +/- 17.44 cm H2O. Reduction in the maximum urinary flow rate less than 15 ml/s was detected in 47 (40.5%) patients. Signs ofdetrusor-sphincter dyssynergia were observed in 29 (25%) patients. After processing the urodynamic studies of patients with non-obstructive pyelonephritis, 20 (39.21%) patients with severe detrusor hypotension, 18 (35.29%)--with detrusor overactivity, 26 (50.98%)--with urethral instability were identified. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that women's chronic inflammation in the bladder and kidneys may not be the cause but the consequence of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract infections associated with the disorders of the nervous regulation of these organs. Inflammation in the bladder wall against the background of dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, in turn, can support a dysfunction of the bladder and/or urethra. Drugs affecting the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic elements of the autonomic nervous system can be used for the elimination of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and improvement the functioning of these organs. Thus, the pathogenetic treatment of chronic cystitis should be based on the disruption of "vicious circle" dysfunction--inflammation. In view of these data, and due to the frequent detection of imperative and functional obstructive urination disorders, in addition, based on the neurophysiological concept of their occurrence, the use of alpha-adrenoblockers and M-anticholinergics agents is important in the treatment strategy with regard to patients with chronic recurrent cystitis and non-obstructive pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Imperative and obstructive urination disorders in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract]. 2366 87

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur predominantly in females but also affect substantial male patient populations; indeed, morbidity in complicated UTI is higher in males. Because of technical obstacles, preclinical modeling of UTI in male mice has been limited. We devised a minimally invasive surgical bladder inoculation technique that yields reproducible upper and lower UTI in both male and female mice, enabling studies of sex differences in these infections. Acute uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cystitis in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN males recapitulated the intracellular bacterial community pathway previously shown in females. However, surgically infected females of these strains exhibited more robust bladder cytokine responses and more efficient UPEC control than males. Compared with females, C3H/HeN males displayed a striking predilection for chronic cystitis, manifesting as persistent bacteriuria, high-titer bladder bacterial burdens, and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, males developed more severe pyelonephritis and 100% penetrant renal abscess (a complication that is rare in female mice). These phenotypes were sharply abrogated after castration but restored with exogenous testosterone, suggesting that male susceptibility to UTI is strongly influenced by androgen exposure. These data substantiate the long-standing presumption that anatomic differences in urogenital anatomy confer protection from UTI in males; however, as clinically observed, male sex associated with more severe UTI once these traditional anatomic barriers were bypassed. This study introduces a highly tractable preclinical model for interrogating sex differences in UTI susceptibility and pathogenesis, and illuminates an interplay between host sex and UTI that is more complex than previously appreciated.
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PMID:Androgens Enhance Male Urinary Tract Infection Severity in a New Model. 2644 5


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