Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial cystitis is the most common bacterial infection occurring in women. Thirty percent of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their lifetime. About one third of patients presenting with symptoms of cystitis have upper urinary tract infection. A careful history to identify risk factors for subclinical pyelonephritis is important. Symptoms of chronic cystitis accompanied by sterile urine without pyuria may represent interstitial cystitis. Dysuria may also be the principal complaint of women with vaginitis (infectious, atrophic or chemical) or urethritis. A stepwise diagnostic approach, accompanied by inexpensive office laboratory testing, is usually sufficient to determine the cause of dysuria.
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PMID:The women with dysuria. 960 6

A new method for typing clinical isolates of U. urealyticum (Parvo biovar) is based on SSCP analysis of amplicons of mba gene 5' region and upstream region. The mba gene is coding for MB gene of U. urealyticum. This method allows genotyping of U. urealyticum isolates using vaginal and cervical swabs without culturing. Sixty-two clinical specimens from patients with a history of chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic salpingo-oophoritis, erosion of the cervix uteri, and spontaneous abortions were tested for U. urealyticum. The bacterium was detected in 64% (40 specimens), 83% (33) of which belonged to Parvo biovar. Parvo biovar isolates were analyzed and genotyped as follows: first genotype 52%, second genotype 33%, and third genotype 16%. Further sequencing of the first and second genotype amplicons showed that the first genotype belonged to serotype 3 and second genotype to serotype 6.
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PMID:[A method of genotyping clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar Parvo]. 1123 38

Three cases of iatrogenic foreign bodies are described. In case 1 a large stone was removed from the urinary bladder of a 80-year-old man 8 years after suprapubic prostatectomy. The concrement contained a fragment of the gauze tampon left during that operation. In case 2 a surgeon trying to stop a profuse hemorrhage lost a surgical needle in paraurethral tissues above the urinary bladder of an elderly man undergoing prostatectomy. Because of the foreign body the patient developed complications: scarry obliteration of the bladder neck, concrement, a vesical fistula, chronic cystitis and chronic pyelonephritis. In case 3, the Dormia's basket broke with ureteral perforation and the metal fragments penetrated into the paraureteral fat in a 46-year-old woman undergoing ureterolithoextraction. 11 months later, the fragment migrated into the bladder wall and perforated it. The fragment was removed endoscopically.
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PMID:[Iatrogenic foreign body]. 1218 63

Examinations of 86 (100%) patients aged 16 to 68 years who had urinary tract infection could isolate 67 Escherichia coli cultures, 32 of them in acute pyelonephritis with marked destructive changes, 24 during an exacerbation of chronic cystitis, 11 in asymptomatic bacteriuria. Twenty E. coli strains isolated from feces of apparently healthy individuals were used as a control. The genetic determinants associated with nucleotide sequences of pathogenicity islands (PI) known for enterobacteria: hlyA, hlyB, cnf-1, papC, fimA, and irp-2 were determined in bacteria, by using polymerase chain reaction. There was an association of the frequency of PI determinants in E. coli with the severity of the clinical course of urinary tract infection. The high frequency of 2 PI determinants or more was ascertained in highly pathogenic E. coli strains as compared with the cultures isolated from apparently healthy individuals.
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PMID:[Significance of detection of genomic markers of pathogenicity islands in Escherichia coli in urological practice]. 1714 48

The structure and sensitivity of the agents of community-aquired urinary infections (CUI) in Moscow were studied in a prospective clinicomicrobiological trial carried out in 2005 with participation of 8 Moscow outpatient clinics. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial drugs was estimated using agar dilution test according to NCCLS recommendations (2000-2002). Acute and chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and acute pyelonephritis were most frequent CUI (49.1, 39.8 and 5.3%, respectively, while among complicating factors most frequently occurred urolithiasis (48.5%), diabetes mellitus (24.2%), renal cysts (7.6%), infravesical obstruction (6,1%). CUI in Moscow were primarily caused by E.coli (72.5%). Compared to complicated CUI, uncomplicated ones were characterized by less frequent E. coli isolation (53 and 80.9%, respectively), but significantly more frequent isolation of P.aeruginosa (4.5 and 0%) and E. faecalis (9.1 and 4.2% isolation. High resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with uncomplicated CUI was seen to cotrimoxasol (28.7%) and ampicillin (39.1%), low resistance--to amoxicilline/ clavulanate (6.3%), fluoroquinolones (6.3%), nitrofurantoin (0%), cefuroxime (6.3%), cefotaxime (0%), phosphomicine (0%). Patients with complicated CUI compared to uncomplicated CUI significantly more often had E.coli strains nonsensitive to amoxicilline/clavulanate (14 and 6.3%), cotrimoxasol (25.6 and 18.8%), nalidixic acid (18.6 and 6.3%, respectively). Polyresistant E. coli strains were significantly more prevalent in complicated CUI than in uncomplicated CUI (45.4 and 25.1%, respectively). Thus, E. coli, a main causing agent of uncomplicated CUI, demonstrates high resistance to ampicilline and cotrimoxasol. High microbiological activity is shown byfluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, oral cephalosporines of the second-third generation.
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PMID:[Clinicomicrobiological characteristics of community-acquired infections of the urinary tracts in Moscow]. 1825 19

The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and clinical features of renal dysfunction and urogenital system disorders in 956 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD). COLD was diagnosed in 346 patients (group 1), COLD and CHD in 402 (group 2), CHD in 211 (group 3). The methods included X-ray studies (survey and excretory urography), functional diagnostics (ECG, Doppler cardiography, assessment of external respiration, abdominal, renal, and bladder ultrasound, measurements of residual urine, transrectal and transabdominal examination of prostate). The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using Cockcrofft-Gault and MDRD formulas and Rerberg- Tareev method, renal hemodynamics by duplex scanning of renal arteries. Inflammatory urogenital diseases were most frequently diagnosed in group 2 (chronic cystitis 83.8%, chronic pyelonephritis 73.9%). Diabetic nephropathy common in this group (25.4%) was related to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in these patients (37.8%) compared with 26.3 and 29.9% in groups 1 and 3 respectively. Ischemic renal disease occurred in every tenth patient of group 2 or much more frequently than in groups 1 and 3. This suggests additive COLD and CHD effect on the atherosclerotic process. The combination of these diseases was responsible for a large fraction of patients with chronic renal insufficiency in group 2 (45%). It is concluded that concomitant urogenital pathology in patients with COLD results in mutual aggravation of the clinical course of the two diseases and requires additional examination and obligatory medicamentous correction.
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PMID:[Urogenital pathology in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and ischemic heart disease]. 1906 54

The examination and surgical treatment were performed in 34 kidney recipients (22 males and 12 females aged 16-65 years) with different urological diseases admitted to the urological clinic of M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Region Research Clinical Institute in 1992-2007 3 weeks to 15 years after kidney transplantation. Most of the patients had urolithiasis, prostatic adenoma, some patients had renal cyst, implanted kidney tumor, tumor of the arteriosclerotic kidneys, posterior urethra stricture, posterior urethra valve. The recipients with such urological diseases as chronic pyelonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux, chronic prostatitis, chronic cystitis received conservative treatment outpatiently. Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ELT) was made in 12 patients (each patient, except one, was exposed to 2 sessions, one patient--3)--a total of 27 sessions. After the first ELT session fragments of the concrements (mean size 2-5 mm in diameter) evacuated spontaneously. Transurethral (retrograde) x-ray-endoscopic operations for removal of the transplanted kidney uroliths were not conducted as the newly created ostium in the upper part of the urinary bladder made it impossible to use a retrograde approach for elimination of the concrements. Kidney recipients with prostatic adenoma (2 and 5 years after transplantation) in 3 cases were subjected to scheduled TUR because of manifest obstructive symptoms. Four patients with AUR undergoing TUR showed intraoperative tissue hemorrhage as the operation was conducted during anticoagulant and anti-platelet therapy used early (3 months to 2 months after the transplantation. In view of this, TUR lasted longer as adequate hemostasis was needed. Urethral nitinol stenting was made in one patient with AUR and prostatic size over 60 cm3, TUR was made 4 months later. Thus, low invasive surgical interventions in kidney recipients with urological diseases have changed routive approaches to treatment of such patients consisting in open surgery which was often cancelled because of contraindications. ELT is a basic method of treatment of the transplant's uroliths, in other cases different endourologic interventions are used. Prostatic adenoma is treated, as a rule, surgically (TUR of the prostate).
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PMID:[Current trends in the treatment of urological patients with transplanted kidney]. 1952 68

Our study prospects of urovaxom in improvement of efficacy and prevention of recurrent urogenital infection. One capsule of oral vaccine uro-vaxom was given daily for a month to 127 patients: 23 males with chronic bacterial prostatitis/urethroprostatitis, 75 females with chronic cystitis, 29 females with urolithiasis complicated with secondary chronic pyelonephritis. Control examination was made each two months for a year. In signs of inflammation the patients received one more course of uro-vaxom for a month. It was followed by control examinations each three month for a year. We observed a 6-12 month "cold" period after one course of uro-vaxom in 86.7% patients. After the second course of immunoprophylaxis recurrent urogenital infection occurred 8 times less often. Thus, immunoprophylaxis of urogenital infection with oral vaccine uro-vaxom is highly effective, is well tolerated and, therefore, must enter the standards of medical care for patients with urogenital infection.
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PMID:[Efficacy of uro-vaxom in recurrent infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system]. 2206 33

The latest investigations evidence for growing number of women with urination disorders in the absence of pathological changes in the urine. This fact suggests the conclusion that dysuria may be caused by neuroendocrine disorders in such women. Besides hemodynamic disorders, urodynamic ones are also involved in pyelonephritis pathogenesis. Our investigations show that chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic cystitis can be both a cause and a result of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract related to defects in nervous regulation. Long-term dysfunction of the lower urinary tract may provoke progressive inflammation. In this case antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment of chronic cystitis and chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis may be low effective without normalization of functional condition of the urinary bladder and urethra.
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PMID:[The role of examination of lower urinary tract function in choice of treatment policy in patients with chronic cystitis and chronic nonobstructive pyelonephritis]. 2244 71

Results of hospital check-up and treatment of female soldiers, female members of servicemen's family and retirees of Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation were analyzed for the purpose of improvement of prophylaxis, treatment of urinary tract infections and estimation of factors of military service in the progress of UTI in female soldiers in conditions of North. It was determined that in the structure of UTI in female soldiers aged before 40 prevail acute cystitis and acute pyelonephritis combined with phologistic gynaecological abnormality, aged after 40 - chronic pyelonephritis combined with concomitant urolithiasis and chronic cystitis. Factors of military service influence on the progress of acute UTI and early approach of chronic UTI in female soldiers.
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PMID:[About the influence of factors of military service on the progress of urinary tract infections in women in conditions of North]. 2271 49


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