Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prevalence and severity of arterial hypertension in 345 sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases have been assessed basing on post-mortem morphologic examination of the kidneys involving special staining and quantitation of renal arteriolar lesion. Incidence rate for arterial hypertension was determined both for the whole group of cases and subgroups recognized by a variant of myocardial damage, i.e. alcoholic cardiomyopathy, recent myocardial infarction, thrombosis, microfocal or postinfarction cardiosclerosis. SCD was found to be closely associated with arterial hypertension, evidenced by common parenchymal affections similar to chronic pyelonephritis, or rare diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The occurrence and severity of arterial hypertension varied for different subgroups, being a more frequent finding in microfocal versus postinfarction cardiosclerosis and thrombosis (52.6, 31.6 and 28.2%, respectively), and minimal in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Comparison of arterial hypertension severity and chronic pyelonephritis incidence for the two most numerous groups demonstrated the gravest condition in postinfarction cardiosclerosis than in microfocal one. The potential role of arterial hypertension in the mechanism of cardiac sudden death is discussed.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension and sudden cardiac death]. 336 40

Analgesic nephropathy, its morphology, development and pathogenesis are described. The earliest analgesic-caused lesion is capillary sclerosis of the urinary tract mucosa. Later focal necroses can be found in the papillae surrounding the collecting ducts. Foci of necrosis progress and become confluent, resulting in complete papillary necrosis. Later renal cortical lesions develop due to retained areas of papillary necrosis. The cortical changes include chronic interstitial nephritis with cortical atrophy in the suprapapillary region as well as hypertrophy of the columnae Bertini with segmental, focal glomerulosclerosis. The analgesic-related lesions are the result of toxic damage to endothelial, tubular and interstitial cells. Analgesic-induced kidney and urinary tract changes are quite specific. Frequent complications include hypertension, pyelonephritis, hydro- or pyonephrosis and urinary tract tumors. The clinical picture is characterized by the consequences of distal tubular damage: impairment of urine concentrating capacity, acidosis, electrolyte loss. Analgesic nephropathy is an example of an absolutely preventable drug induced nephropathy. It is the most important single manifestation of the analgesic syndrome. It is recommended that prescriptions for mixed analgesics (multi-component analgesics) should be made obligatory. Monocomponent analgesics could be sold over-the-counter.
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PMID:[Analgesic nephropathy]. 355 93

A total of 250 renal biopsy specimens from diabetic patients and from the kidneys of 400 autopsy cases were examined histologically and compared to kidneys from 160 autopsied nondiabetics. The morphological findings were assessed in relation to hypertension. There was a high prevalence of arteriolosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, and pyelonephritis; in addition, early diabetic glomerulopathy and glomerulonephritis, particularly of the membranous type, were noted in a remarkably high percentage of diabetic patients. Ninety-three percent of patients with hypertension had arteriolosclerosis, and a good correlation existed between the extent of this lesion and the level of blood pressure. Even in 66% of normotensive patients, however, arteriolosclerosis was found. This fact and the involvement of the vas efferens argue against the notion of arteriolosclerosis being exclusively a sequela of hypertension. More than 70% of patients with glomerulosclerosis suffered from hypertension, compared to less than 50% of patients without either that condition or early diabetic lesions. The majority of diabetic patients with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis were hypertensive. We conclude that hypertension in diabetic patients with renal involvement may result from different renal lesions that can be differentiated only by histological examination.
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PMID:Renal histopathology in hypertensive diabetic patients. 407 38

In a Cairo clinic 17 of 41 patients with chronic pyelonephritis secondary to urinary schistosomiasis presented with classical features of the nephrotic syndrome, two-thirds being hypertensive and the majority having glomerular filtration rates within the normal range. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in one-third of the patients. Urinary sediments from these patients contained a preponderance of pus cells, red cells, granular casts, or pus casts. In addition to patches of pyelonephritis, the glomeruli showed diffuse and focal glomerulosclerosis. Electron microscopy revealed basement-membrane-like deposits in the hypertrophied axial endothelial cells and electron-dense deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. This variety of nephrotic syndrome associated with schistosomal pyelonephritis was the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome seen in the clinic.
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PMID:A clinical and pathological study of schistosomal nephritis. 454 Jun 73

The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) was studied in 43 patients with various forms of renal parenchymal disease. Patients with membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, obstructive pyelonephritis, nephrosclerosis, and minimal change nephropathy generally had urinary NAG and beta 2M levels more than 3 SDs above those seen in normal subjects. Patients with progressive renal disease averaged higher NAG and beta 2M urinary levels than those with the same renal lesion and stable function. Since elevated urinary levels of NAG and beta 2M suggest renal tubular injury or dysfunction, our observations suggest tubulointerstitial involvement in a wide variety of renal diseases.
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PMID:N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta 2-microglobulin. Their urinary excretion in patients with renal parenchymal disease. 619 Apr 47

Sclerotic processes of glomeruli in chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) and chronic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (CDPGN) were investigated in a lectin binding study in connection with an immunofluorescent examination of protease inhibitor deposition. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), which is specific to a certain terminal alpha-L-fucosyl residue of glycoconjugates, specifically labelled intact endothelia of glomerular capillaries, peritubular capillaries and blood vessels in human kidneys. Segmental or global loss of the UEA-I binding with glomerular capillaries was observed in the sclerotic areas where alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deposits were always detected in the glomeruli with segmental or global sclerosis of CPN. This high correlation between loss of UEA-I binding and alpha 1AT deposition was also observed in the affected glomeruli of CDPGN. In considering glomerular sclerosis, it is significant that loss of UEA-I binding and alpha 1AT deposition are common to both CPN and CDPGN, although their original etiologies are quite different.
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PMID:Deposition of alpha 1-antitrypsin and loss of glycoconjugate carrying Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I binding sites in the glomerular sclerotic process. Phenomena common to chronic pyelonephritis and chronic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. 633 65

The renal biopsies of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and clinical evidence of renal disease were reviewed; only patients in whom the intravenous pyelogram was normal were subjected to biopsy, thus excluding those with papillary necrosis and chronic pyelonephritis. Tissue was studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. There were 13 cases of mesangial change, 9 of membranous glomerulonephritis, 4 of tubulointerstitial change, 2 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1 case of amyloid and 1 of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. All 9 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis but only 6 of 13 with mesangial change had received gold or penicillamine. We found no evidence of "glomerulitis" or of a rheumatoid vasculitis.
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PMID:Renal biopsy appearances in rheumatoid disease. 662 62

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is responsible for 105 (1.16%) of all 9015 necropcies in a multi-specialized hospital but it occupies the third place after chronic pyelonephritis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis 9.20 per cent. In 91.4 per cent of the deceased of CGN arterial hypertension (AH) had been concomitant, with an average duration, according to anamnestic data, 6.28 years with a mainly light and moderate hypertrophy of left ventricle. Those that died of CGN without AH lived 9.20 years, on the average, wore than those with hypertension. In about 30 per cent of CGN with AH, the hypertension contributed to the lethal end prior to the terminal uremia--from cardiac insufficiency--25 per cent and cerebrovascular stroke 4.16 per cent. The significantly poorer atherogenesis in aorta and coronary and cerebral arteries is worth mentioning in case of CGN with hypertension as compared with the essential hypertension. (The deceased examined were not dialyzed). That atherogenesis is even poorer than hypertension of chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Incidence of chronic glomerulonephritis and its hypertonic terminal-stage syndrome and the severity of the cardiovascular changes among 9015 autopsied patients over 14]. 663 5

Out of 9015 necropsies of patients, over the age of 14, performed between January 1, 1967 and March 1, 1979 at a general hospital in Sofia, 729 of them (8,07%) proved to have diabetes as well. Renal complications were found in 315 of them (43,2%)--chronic pyelonephritis being most frequent (21,2% of all diabetics) followed by diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DG)--18,5 per cent of the diabetics and in 7,9 per cent--a combination of both complications. The authors studied only the patients with DG. They lived about 5,2 years, on the average, less than the other diabetics and 91,1 per cent of them had arterial hypertension versus 61,3 per cent among the rest of the diabetics. A total of 90 per cent of the hypertonics with DG had left ventricular hypertrophy--I--III stage. Atheromatosis of aorta and coronary arteries were found, in those deceased from hypertonic disease, to be more frequent and more severely manifested, than those decreased from chronic pyelonephritis with hypertension and than those deceased from chronic glomerulonephritis with hypertension in all age groups. Regardless of that, the morbidity rate among the deceased with DG from cardiac complications is a little less than that among the deceased from hypertonic disease and the causes for brain vascular complications among diabetics, in spite of the more frequent and more severe atherogenesis has been three times less rare than among the deceased from hypertonic disease. Very likely, the involvement of the kidneys contributes to those discrepancies.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular changes among deceased patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy among 9015 autopsied over the age of 14]. 667 84

The frequency of chronic terminal renal failure (CTRF) (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 4,5 mg/dl) in an unselected autopsy material was about 1.7% from 1968 to 1976. Based on this figure, the estimated yearly incidence is 160 to 200/10(6) inhabitants of the Basel area. In inhabitants of Basel, analgesic nephropathy (42.2%) was the most important cause of CTRF (excluding obstructive nephropathy). Pyelonephritis (without evidence of analgesic abuse) represented only 25.7%. All other nephropathies were less common: glomerulonephritis 14.6%, diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis 11.6%, cystic kidney disease and vascular nephropathies (each 4.5%). By contrast, in patients treated by hemodialysis and renal transplantation glomerulonephritis (28.7%) is the most important cause of CTRF, followed by analgesic nephropathy (20%), pyelonephritis (15%) and cystic disease of the kidney (12.5%). The difference between the two groups can be explained by the lower mean age of patients treated by hemodialysis and transplantation. Incidence and disease course can be affected significantly only in analgesic nephropathy. It is therefore very important to prohibit legally the use of phenacetin or paracetamol containing analgesics without medical prescription. In addition, these drugs should be replaced by other analgesic compounds.
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PMID:[Phenacetin abuse II. Chronic renal insufficiency in Basle autopsies]. 698 31


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