Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The symptoms and clinical course of chronic hypokalemic nephropathy are described in 21 patients with longstanding potassium deficiency. In 14 patients (group A) the potassium depletion was caused by malnutrition and/or abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics. 7 patients (group B) suffered from primary (6 cases) or secondary (1 case) aldosteronism. The average duration of potassium depletion was 8.8 years in group A and 3.4 years in group B. Depending on the duration of potassium depletion, chronic renal disease develops which may end in terminal renal failure. Urinalysis is non-specific or negative. The clearance of creatinine slowly decreases. Metabolic alkalosis is a constant finding and in group A occurs with a tendency to hyponatremia and hypochloremia, with the development of metabolic acidosis only in advanced renal insufficiency. In contrast to patients of group B, patients of group A have normal or low blood pressures converting to hypertension, if at all only in the late phase. The cases of group A had secondary aldosteronism (and, correspondingly, a hyperplastic juxtaglomerular apparatus). Although urinary tract infection is a regular finding in advanced stages, the clinical, radiological and histological evidence suggests that bacterial pyelonephritis, if occurring at all, is rather a complication than the cause of the disease. In 5 patients 7 instances of acute renal failure of unknown origin were observed which was lethal in one case. Another patient died from terminal renal failure, a third from an intercurrent pneumonia. Renal histology obtained from 13 patients showed the picture of diffuse chronic abacterial interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Symptoms and course of chronic hypokalemic nephropathy in man. 87 Feb 67

One case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis diagnosed following nephrectomy is described, considering its outstanding characteristics such as male adolescent, right kidney, involvement with normal function and without pathological history for which there is no explanation to date. This disease usually occurs in women 60 years or older, suggesting a renal tumor. In 50% of the cases, urine cultures are positive for Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis; in accordance with different reports renal tissue cultures are positive in more than 90%. Malnutrition, calcification, urolithiasis and renal failure with hydronephrosis are common findings. The left kidney is more frequently involved. The etiology is unclear: many hypotheses are discussed, with malnutrition and peroxidase deficit as important causes.
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PMID:[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in an adolescent]. 248 45

A 56-year-old woman in chronic hemodialysis had been suffering from uncontrollable fever for the past 7 months. Her original disease was diagnosed as familial polycystic kidney and three of her five brothers were found to have the same disease. Her chromosome was 46,XX,21P+ and laboratory examination revealed severe anemia, malnutrition, liver dysfunction, pyuria and candidiasis of urine. Abdominal echogram and CT scan revealed polycystic kidneys and multiple liver cysts. She was admitted to our hospital and was diagnosed as having pyelonephritis of the right kidney. As her condition was not improved by conservative therapy right nephrectomy was performed. One month later, spiking fever and left tenderness reappeared. Those symptoms could not be controlled by conservative therapy and left nephrectomy was performed again. Pathological examination on nephrectomized kidneys showed interstitial nephritis, hyaline degeneration and proliferative change of glomeruli, microabscess, colloid of tubules and calcification of parts of Henle's loops. Nephrectomy has been performed in 1.6 to 10.0% of polycystic kidneys due to references since 1952. Eight of the 22 polycystic kidneys (36.3%) seen at our hospital during the past 10 years have been removed.
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PMID:[A case of polycystic kidney with bilateral nephrectomy]. 305 41

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis usually occurs in women 50 to 60 years old, and has the distinct clinical presentation suggestive of a renal mass. Since 1963 an increasing number of children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis have been reported in the literature, with data suggesting that the characteristics of the disease are different from those in adults. We compared our children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis to adults who had been described in the literature and to our cases of chronic pyelonephritis to determine whether xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children is an entity as clearly different from chronic pyelonephritis as it is in adults. Twenty-one cases were eliminated from the study because of incomplete charts. We found 39 cases in which nephrectomy had been done for an anatomical diagnosis of chronic or xanthogranulomatous (8) pyelonephritis. Average age at presentation, duration of clinical course and sex distribution were similar in both groups. The left kidney was involved more often in both groups. Severe malnutrition, urolithiasis, reno-cutaneous fistula and negative urine cultures were more frequent in cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, while obstructive nonlithiasic uropathy occurred more often in cases of chronic pyelonephritis. Microorganisms were similar in both groups and Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently. All cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were of the diffuse type with areas corresponding to all histological stages. Our study suggests that perhaps in children xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis occurs the same as chronic pyelonephritis, and is determined possibly by an affected immune response secondary to malnutrition and by the presence of urolithiasis.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children. 396 40

Technical and maternal factors known to affect urinary estriol level or its measurement are discussed in view of the current use of serial estriol as an indicator of fetoplacental function. Technical artifacts can result from presence of methenamine mandelate, phenolphthalein, glucose, or high urine specific gravity. Aside from normal maternal factors such as inaccurate urine collection or variable fluid intake, estriol levels are depressed by corticosteroids and ampicillin. Pyelone phritis, anemia, hemoglobinopathy, abnormal renal status, malnutrition, and high altitude all depress estriol level or excretion. In some conditions such as pyelonephritis, amniotic estriol level may be a better indicator of fetal status.
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PMID:Factors affecting the yeild of urinary estriol. 433 82

A 52-year-old oligophrenic man hospitalized for esophageal hemorrhage had histologically proven liver cirrhosis and died from massive rehemorrhage. As a neonate he had survived severe jaundice, had had delayed psychomotor development and remained severely retarded. At age 15 years, bilateral cataracts had been excised and from 18 to 25 years he had had occasional grand mal seizures. The triad oligophrenia, liver cirrhosis and cataracts, prompted suspicion of galactosemia. Deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase was demonstrated in blood and post mortem tissue. At autopsy, liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices were confirmed and unilateral chronic pyelonephritis, bilateral nephrolithiasis and testicular atrophy were found. There was not brain pathology. The patient appeared to be the oldest nondiagnosed galactosemic and the first male patient in whom hypogonadism was documented.
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PMID:[Decompensated liver cirrhosis caused by galactosemia in a 52-year-old man]. 745 52

The occurrence of urinary tract infection and its clinical impact is determined, as with any infectious disease, by the interaction between the virulence of the infecting organism and the host defense mechanisms that can be mobilized. In the case of urinary tract infections, an anatomically and functionally intact kidney and urinary tract are the primary host defenses, with phagocytic function and immune mechanisms coming into play to limit the consequences of those infections. Of all the categories of immunocompromised hosts, the renal transplant patient is the one most susceptible to the direct and indirect consequences of urinary tract infections. In the first 3 months post transplant, the incidence of urinary tract infection is greater than 30%, and there is a relatively high rate of bacteremia and overt pyelonephritis of the allograft. After this time period, unless anatomic or functional derangement of the urinary tract is present, the direct clinical manifestations are far more benign. In addition to the direct effects of urinary tract infection on these patients, indirect effects are also important. These include the activation of CMV by TNF released as a consequence of a urinary tract infection and the initiation of allograft injury. Fortunately, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones are safe and effective prophylactic strategies for preventing the direct and indirect consequences of urinary tract infections. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood, data are emerging that AIDS patients have both an increased incidence and severity of urinary tract infection. The risk for urinary tract infections seem to be correlated with the degree of immune compromise and, perhaps, the amount of malnutrition and wasting that are present. The best strategies for preventing urosepsis in AIDS patients remain to be defined.
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PMID:Urinary tract infection in the immunocompromised host. Lessons from kidney transplantation and the AIDS epidemic. 937 31

A total of 42 Japanese centenarians (9 males & 33 females) autopsied in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital during 22 years (1975-1996) were clinico-pathologically examined to determine details of the main cause of death. The main cause of death of the 42 cases were sepsis (16 cases), pneumonia (14 cases), suffocation (4 cases), heart failure (4 cases), cerebrovascular disorder (2 cases) and malnutrition (2 cases). Most pneumonias were caused aspiration of foreign bodies, and the origins of sepsis were pyelonephritis (7 cases), biliary tract infection (3 cases), necrotic lesions of the intestine due to ileus, ischemia and pseudomembranous colitis (3 cases) and indwelling vein catheter (3 cases). Malignant neoplasms were observed in 16 cases (38%), and 5 of them had 2 or 3 lesions. Thus, the total number of lesions of malignant neoplasms were 22, as follows; colonic cancer (36%), urinary bladder cancer (14%), lung adenocarcinoma (9%), gastric cancer (9%), malignant lymphoma (9%) and others. However, none of these malignant neoplasms were directly related with the cause of death. All 42 centenarians died not of simple "senile decay", but due to diseases.
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PMID:[Pathologic evaluation of the main cause of death in Japanese centenarians]. 1036 29

Lipids were studied in 150 patients with nephrolithiasis, calculous pyelonephritis; enzymes, LPO products, phospholipase in 111 patients; vitamins A and E in 136 patients, vitamins B2, B6 and PP in 146 patients in the course of the disease, at admission and after treatment. In acute purulent and aggravated chronic calculous pyelonephritis lysophospholipids levels rose manifolds. Activation of LPO products, phospholipase, organ-specific enzymes is closely associated with low provision of vitamins A, E, B2, B6, PP. Deficiency of these vitamins ranged from 76.8 to 94.6% in acute purulent calculous pyelonephritis in all the patients.
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PMID:[Structural-functional damage to cellular membranes in deficiency of vitamins A, E, B2, B6, PP in children with calculous pyelonephritis]. 1262 65

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), a morphological and clinical variant of chronic pyelonephritis, is an uncommon disease in children. It is characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and replacement by granulomatous tissue containing foamy lipid-laden macrophages and is classified into diffuse and focal XGP. We present a case of diffuse XGP in a child with myotonic dystrophy complicated by cerebral palsy and discuss the importance of correct diagnosis and preoperative management to reduce inflammation and improve malnutrition associated with the disease.
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PMID:Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a patient with myotonic dystrophy and cerebral palsy. 1594 52


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