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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 116 patients with coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, the authors observed differences in the excretion of the ions of 42K, stable potassium, 24Na, stable sodium, chlorine as well as in the value of diuresis during the administration of equimolar solutions of potassium hydrocarbonate and potassium chloride, sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride labeled with 42K and 24Na respectively. These differences depended on the expression of the basic (alkaline) characteristics of the anions of the administered solutions of potassium and sodium and the osmolarity of the administered amount of liquid. Pronounced ion exchange reactions were observed during the administration of KHCO3 solution only, the multiplicity factor of the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions with urine significantly exceeding that of diuresis. During the administration of KCl solutions in the isotonic NaCl solution and 5% glucose, the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions changed strictly in accordance with the changes of diuresis. Similar changes were noted in the administration of the solutions of sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium chloride.
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PMID:[Metabolism of potassium and sodium when administered with different anions to patients with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension]. 632 82

The renin-angiotensin (juxtaglomerular apparatus--JGA) and prostaglandin [interstitial cells (IC) of renal medulla and nephrocytes of collecting tubules (NCT)] systems of the kidneys were studied in 72 patients (renal biopsies, nephrectomy, morphofunctional correlations) with the nephrogenic arterial hypertension (vasorenal hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis). Histological and electron-microscopic methods were used; the renin activity was determined in the peripheral blood and blood from the renal veins. The results were analysed mathematically and statistically using an original programme. It is shown that stereotype cyclic changes develop in the endocrine renal system of patients with renal hypertension and they reflect the stages of initial hyperfunction (ultrastructural hyperplasia of JGA cells with appearance of numerous immature granules; ultrastructural moderate hyperplasia of medulla IC; increase of blood renin activity), discoordination of functions (progressing JGA hyperfunction and depletion of prostaglandin synthetic function of medulla IC; compensatory activation of NCT; further increase of the blood renin activity) and depletion (atrophy and fibroblastic transformation of the JGA of the majority of nephrons and of medulla IC). The stages of renal endocrine system alterations in the arterial hypertension are the manifestation of compensatory and adaptive response. Morphofunctional analysis with the use of morphometry and mathematical statistics are necessary for the objective evaluation of this response.
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PMID:[Endocrine system of the kidneys in nephrogenic arterial hypertension: functional and morphological analysis]. 639 31

Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is still observed at present in 5-10% of haemodialysis patients. It requires surgical correction. Fifty-eight haemodialysis patients had neck surgery and their 222 parathyroid glands analysed. The individual gland weight was comprised between 22 and 3880 mg (mean +/- SEM, 689 +/- 62 mg). Mean total parathyroid gland weight per patient was comprised between 2 and 3 g. Schematically, 4 types of gland architecture could be distinguished: diffuse hyperplasia alone; diffuse hyperplasia associated with incipient nodule formation; hyperplasia with pronounced nodule formation; and nodule formations alone. Total gland weight was significantly higher for the latter two histological forms than for the former suggesting transformation with time of pure hyperplasia to nodular hyperplasia. Patients with chronic pyelonephritis had a mean gland weight higher than that of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (3308 +/- 498 mg versus 1824 +/- 358 mg, p less than 0.01). No relation was found between total gland weight and plasma calcium, phosphate or alkaline phosphatases. However, a weak relation existed between total gland weight and plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. In addition, a negative relation was observed between highest prior plasma aluminium and gland weight when considering only patients with a gland weight less than 2000 mg. Parathyroid gland aluminium content was significantly higher in haemodialysis patients than in nonuraemic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A direct relation was found between parathyroid gland and bone aluminium. In conclusion, in haemodialysis patients with evolving hyperparathyroidism initially diffuse gland hyperplasia appears to be associated progressively with nodule formation. Circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone is positively related to total gland weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal insufficiency: anatomo-clinical relations and the potential role of an aluminum overload]. 648 74

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is responsible for 105 (1.16%) of all 9015 necropcies in a multi-specialized hospital but it occupies the third place after chronic pyelonephritis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis 9.20 per cent. In 91.4 per cent of the deceased of CGN arterial hypertension (AH) had been concomitant, with an average duration, according to anamnestic data, 6.28 years with a mainly light and moderate hypertrophy of left ventricle. Those that died of CGN without AH lived 9.20 years, on the average, wore than those with hypertension. In about 30 per cent of CGN with AH, the hypertension contributed to the lethal end prior to the terminal uremia--from cardiac insufficiency--25 per cent and cerebrovascular stroke 4.16 per cent. The significantly poorer atherogenesis in aorta and coronary and cerebral arteries is worth mentioning in case of CGN with hypertension as compared with the essential hypertension. (The deceased examined were not dialyzed). That atherogenesis is even poorer than hypertension of chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Incidence of chronic glomerulonephritis and its hypertonic terminal-stage syndrome and the severity of the cardiovascular changes among 9015 autopsied patients over 14]. 663 5

Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured annually over a three year period in 31 consecutive patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). No patient had received treatment with vitamin D derivatives, anticonvulsants or corticosteroids, nephrectomy or a renal transplant. Initial median BMC value in per cent of sex and age matched normal mean was significantly decreased to 91.0% (P less than 0.01), indicating bone mineral loss in chronic renal failure prior to HD. During HD a highly significant fall in mean BMC (in per cent of initial value) continued to 95.1%, 92,7% and 90.8% after 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively, with no influence of age, sex or initial BMC value. The interindividual variation in BMC changes, however, was considerable: the BMC loss over 3 years exceeded 10% in 13 (42%) patients ("rapid losers") while 12 (39%) patients had a BMC loss below 5%, or no loss at all. The "rapid loser" group had significantly higher serum levels of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatases and, moreover, developed a lower serum phosphate and calciumXphosphorus product than the other group of patients ("slow losers"). The mean BMC loss over 3 years of HD was pronounced and significant (P less than 0.02) in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (9.8%) and polycystic kidney disease (14.2%), but much smaller, and not significant, in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (4.8%). It is concluded that a selection of patients with a high degree of bone mineral loss during HD is not possible by means of sex, age, initial BMC, biochemical parameters, or diagnosis (2 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis appeared to be "rapid losers"). For that purpose a high-precision BMC method is mandatory.
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PMID:Bone mineral content in patients on prolonged maintenance hemodialysis: a three year follow-up study. 664 Oct 32

Fifty-eight patients on intermittent haemodialysis underwent parathyroidectomy because of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Mean individual parathyroid gland weight was 689 +/- 62 (SEM) mg. Mean total gland weight per patient was between two and three grams. Increasing nodule formation within hyperplastic glands appeared to develop with increasing time of duration of hyperparathyroidism. Patients with chronic pyelonephritis had a higher gland weight than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. A direct relationship was found between gland weight and circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, but an inverse relationship between gland weight and plasma aluminium concentration. The higher the parathyroid gland aluminium, the higher was the bone aluminium concentration.
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PMID:Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic haemodialysis patients: a clinico-pathological study. 665 93

Out of 9015 necropsies of patients, over the age of 14, performed between January 1, 1967 and March 1, 1979 at a general hospital in Sofia, 729 of them (8,07%) proved to have diabetes as well. Renal complications were found in 315 of them (43,2%)--chronic pyelonephritis being most frequent (21,2% of all diabetics) followed by diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DG)--18,5 per cent of the diabetics and in 7,9 per cent--a combination of both complications. The authors studied only the patients with DG. They lived about 5,2 years, on the average, less than the other diabetics and 91,1 per cent of them had arterial hypertension versus 61,3 per cent among the rest of the diabetics. A total of 90 per cent of the hypertonics with DG had left ventricular hypertrophy--I--III stage. Atheromatosis of aorta and coronary arteries were found, in those deceased from hypertonic disease, to be more frequent and more severely manifested, than those decreased from chronic pyelonephritis with hypertension and than those deceased from chronic glomerulonephritis with hypertension in all age groups. Regardless of that, the morbidity rate among the deceased with DG from cardiac complications is a little less than that among the deceased from hypertonic disease and the causes for brain vascular complications among diabetics, in spite of the more frequent and more severe atherogenesis has been three times less rare than among the deceased from hypertonic disease. Very likely, the involvement of the kidneys contributes to those discrepancies.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular changes among deceased patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy among 9015 autopsied over the age of 14]. 667 84

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

The plasma level of FSH, LH, P and E of 24 women with CRI, aged from 16-61, on a programmed hemodialysis was determined, 13 of them with Balkan endemic nephropathy, 8--chronic pyelonephritis and one patient with chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystosis of kidneys and lupus nephritis. The patients were grouped into three groups according to age and genital cycle: with genital cycle--10, secondary amenorrhea--7, and in menopause--7. The patients with genital cycle were grouped as follows: 4 with eumenorrea, 4--opsomenorrhea and I with hyper- and I with hypomenorrhea. Plasma hormone level prior to and post hemodialysis was determined by radioimmunologic methods. The results obtained showed that FSH levels, as compared with the control group of healthy women, was unchanged, LH and P--was elevated and E was elevated only in the patients with genital cycle. No significant discrepancy was found in the levels of the hormones studied, in the three groups of females with CRI on programmed hemodialysis (with genital cycle, secondary amenorrhea and menopause), except for E in the women with cycle. The studies of the authors showed that plasma levels of FSH, LH, P and E prior to and post hemodialysis, are insignificantly changed. That provided grounds to admit that the hormones are nondialysable. The authors admit that the programmed hemodialysis is a treatment method by which the genital cycle in some CRI patients with secondary amenorrhea could be restored.
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PMID:[Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin and estradiol in women with chronic kidney failure on programmed hemodialysis]. 679 62

Significant glomerular changes occur in a substantial number of renal cadaver allotransplants. Transplant glomerulopathy and recurrent glomerulonephritis account for most of the lesions whereas the development of de novo glomerulonephritis is a rare event. Only a few cases of membranous glomerulonephritis in the graft have been documented. The four patients presented all developed heavy proteinuria of 11.5 to 14 g/day 5 months to 1 year after transplantation. Three cases of de novo membranous glomerulonephritis were transplanted because of renal failure due to chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis and medullary sponge kidney. One patient has recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis. Transplant biopsy revealed only minimal glomerular changes by light microscopy in all cases. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated typical membranous glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Recurrent and de novo membranous glomerulonephritis in renal cadaver allotransplants. 699 Nov 85


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