Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results are presented on the treatment with Inderal of 57 patients with essential hypertension and symptomatic renal hypertension in whom the changes in central and renal haemodynamics were carefully traced. In all the patients with renal hypertension (chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis) the function of the kidneys was adequate. Inderal when used in a daily dose of 120--160 mg produces a hypotensive effect in patients with stage IB and IIA essential hypertension with unstable symptomatic renal hypertension who have a predominantly hyperkinetic type of the circulation. In such cases the haemodynamic changes manifest themselves in a considerable reduction of the cardiac output at the expense of a slower pulse rate and decreased stroke volume; the total peripheral resistance was moderately elevated. In patients with stage IIB of essential hypertension and in those with persistent and severe symptomatic renal hypertension the hypotensive effect of Inderal given in a daily dose of 480 mg and sometimes even higher was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the total peripheral resistance and a moderate reduction of the cardiac output and cardiac index at the expense of a slower pulse rate.
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PMID:[Use of inderal for the treatment of different forms of arterial hypertension]. 119 58

The SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAA) as used in this study has proven to be an excellent tool to differentiate urinary proteins qualitatively and quantitatively, since the proteins are differentiated exclusively according to their molecular radius. Selectivity was estimated by the ratio transferrin:IgG. Some of the proteins were identified by specific antisera. For clinical use SDS-PAA may distinguish: chronic glomerulonephritis from chronic pyelonephritis; the different diabetic nephropathies; some cases of minimal change nephritis from proliferative and degenerative glomerular diseases; the uncomplicated posttransplantation course from (interstitial) rejection crises and from glomerular diseases (recurrent GN, glomerular rejection disease), and the persisting small glomerular proteinuria after acute glomerulonephritis from proteinurias becoming physiological.
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PMID:Discelectrophoretic molecualr weight analysis of urinary proteins. A contribution to the clinical diagnostic differentiation and the pathophysiology of proteinuria. 123 87

Investigations were carried out in a total of 60 patients with gouty nephropathy (GN), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), respectively. The aim of the study was to compare ultrasonic changes in the three diseases.
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PMID:Ultrasonic changes in primary gouty nephropathy. 128 76

The major target organs that become damaged as a consequence of long-standing arterial hypertension are the kidneys, heart, and brain. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) cannot be considered only as an adaptive process to elevated blood pressure (BP), and the heart is also a major target organ in malignant arterial hypertension (MH). Magnetic resonance (MR) was used as a method for visualization of the heart in 68 patients with MH including 18 with essential hypertension, 16 with chronic glomerulonephritis, 13 with chronic pyelonephritis, 16 with renovascular hypertension, eight with adrenal tumors, and in 20 healthy volunteers (as a comparison group). Electrocardiogram-gated, double spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging was performed to image the right and left ventricles (RV and LV), interventricular septum, apex and LV posterior wall, left atrium, and aortic root. In all the patients, symmetric LV hypertrophy was registered and in the most severe cases LV wall thickness was more than 20 mm. There was no LV cavity enlargement or local contractility abnormalities. There was close correlation of LVH and diastolic BP. The degree of LVH and diastolic dimensions of the LV differed between etiologies of MH. These findings show that different pathophysiologic mechanisms of development of MH influence the processes of myocardial hypertrophy. The highly informative yield of MR tomography for evaluating structural and functional changes of the heart under MH must be underlined.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac hypertrophy in malignant arterial hypertension. 138 64

N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, the concentrations of microalbumin (MA) and B2-microglobulin (B2-MG) were measured in urine of 50 healthy subjects and 200 patients suffering from arterial hypertension (AH) with preserved renal function, including patients with essential hypertension (EH), stages I and II, chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and vasorenal hypertension (VRH). The healthy subjects, the patients with stage II EH, and those with secondary forms of AH demonstrated significant differences in NAG activity in urine. A positive correlation (r = +0.53; p < 0.03) was discovered between systolic AP and NAG activity in urine of EH patients. The concentration of MA in urine of CGN and VRH patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy subjects, EH and CPN patients. The patients with CPN and VRH showed significantly higher levels of B2-MG in urine.
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PMID:[The significance of microproteinuria for the diagnosis of kidney involvement in hypertensive disease and secondary forms of arterial hypertension]. 144 Mar 4

With the aim of determining the relative prevalence of the diseases underlying chronic renal failure (CRF) in a large homogeneous black tropical population, the autopsy records of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital over a four year period were studied. Out of a total of 702 cases coming to autopsy during this period, 66 (9.4%) died as a result of CRF. The highest number of cases of CRF fell within the 31-40 year age group with a male/female ratio of 1.28:1. Chronic glomerulonephritis was responsible for 40.9% of cases, malignant nephrosclerosis 16.6%, benign nephrosclerosis 7.6% while endstage renal disease (ESRD) was responsible for 15.4%. A miscellaneous group of diseases was responsible for 19.7%, about half of which was due to chronic pyelonephritis. Rarer causes of CRF were diabetic nephropathy, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus and analgesic nephropathy.
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PMID:The pathological basis of chronic renal failure in Nigerians. An autopsy study. 149 21

We investigated the utility of measuring dysmorphic red blood cells (d-RBC) and urinary casts in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of renal diseases by evaluating these parameters in a total of 278 urine specimens from 78 patients with various renal diseases at our hospital. Urinary sediments obtained by the conventional method with in 4 hours after voiding were subjected to Sternheimer and Malbin's staining and examined under a conventional light microscope. We used the criteria we previously devised for classification of RBC as d-RBC and for classification of casts hyaline, granular, epithelial, red blood cell, white blood cell, fatty, or waxy. When there were 5 or more urinary sediment red blood cells per high-power field, d-RBC was found in 94% of samples from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. The finding of d-RBC was not related to glomerulonephritis pathologically diagnosed according to the WHO classification system for biopsy specimens. Even when there were fewer than 5 red blood cells per high-power field, d-RBC was sometimes found. Casts of all types were found in samples from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic renal failure. In samples from patients with chronic pyelonephritis, however, white blood cell, fatty, and waxy casts were not found, and less than 1 granular or epithelial cast per low-power field was found. The findings for the presence and the extent of both d-RBC and casts were in good accord with and changed with the clinical course, indicating that d-RBC and casts of urinary sediment can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with renal disease.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of urinary sediment dysmorphic red blood cells and casts in renal disease]. 150 90

The term "renal osteodystrophy" is used to include skeletal disorders of patients with chronic renal failure: osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis and the frequently associated extraskeletal calcifications. It is the chronic glomerular disease with phosphate retention and resultant hyperphosphatemia on one hand and deficient 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and resultant hypocalcemia on the other to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism. The three most common causes of chronic renal failure in our patients are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy in decreasing frequency, polycystic renal disease occurs in five patients. Other miscellaneous causes include nephrotic syndrome, chronic pyelonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, interstitial nephritis and renal stones. The bone changes are similar in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and the incidence of brown tumor is about 3% in the former and 1.5 to 1.7% in the latter. We present one among the 94 dialyzed patients who has long-standing severe chronic renal failure from polycystic kidney disease and develops brown tumor in the mid ulna after 7 years on maintenance hemodialysis. The incidence of brown tumor in our series is about 1.1%. Because of increased longevity of the dialyzed patients, brown tumor from secondary hyperparathyroidism is now more commonly observed. Hyperphosphatemia with serum calcium-phosphate products exceeding plasma solubility of 60 to 75 mg/dl may induce soft tissue and vascular calcification. This explains the much higher incidence of soft tissue calcification in secondary than primary hyperparathyroidism; two of our patients with generalized Monckeberg's type arterial calcification and multiple periarticular calcifications in five patients have been observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal osteodystrophy. 164 77

Out of 432 patients placed on the treatment with hemodialysis (HD) for terminal renal failure (TRF) at the All-Union Nephrologic Center from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1987, 17 patients manifested partial recovery of renal function, which enabled dialysis treatment to be discontinued for a time. Among the 17 patients with noticeable improvement of renal function, 8 presented with lupoid rapid-progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGN), 2 with RPGN associated with hemorrhagic vasculitis, 1 with idiopathic RPGN, 4 with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), 1 with chronic pyelonephritis, and 1 with polycystic kidneys. In 11 patients with RPGN, the rate of renal failure progression, expressed by the regression coefficient, was much higher among those in whom HD treatment was discontinued that in the group of patients without renal function recovery. In the 4 patients with CGN, renal function was recovered after the correction of marked disorders of purine metabolism, whereas in the 1 patient with chronic pyelonephritis and in the 1 with polycystic kidneys after urinary infection elimination. According to the ultrasonography data, out of the 17 patients with partial recovery of renal function, the size of the kidneys turned out normal in 14 patients.
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PMID:[The partial recovery of kidney function in chronic uremia patients during hemodialysis treatment]. 194 49

Investigation of renal biopsy specimens from 488 patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DGS) of varying severity revealed the following: 1) The severity of DGS increases with the duration of the diabetes. 2) As the severity of DGS increases, it is complicated with increasing frequency by exudative changes, which correspond in detail to hyperperfusion lesions described in the literature. 3) As the severity of DGS increases, the severity of arteriolosclerosis and the incidence of nephrotic syndrome increase significantly. 4) The 5- and 10-year renal survival rates are highest for those diabetic patients in whom the tubules and renal cortical interstitium are of normal appearance. These survival rates are diminished if any of the following are present at the time of biopsy: a) interstitial fibrosis; b) hyperperfusion lesions; c) nephrotic syndrome; d) elevation of the serum creatinine concentration to more than 1.3 mg%. 5) No significant correlation was found between renal survival rate and age, sex, or type of diabetes. 6) The inflammation of the renal interstitium seen in diabetes does not differ from that seen in chronic glomerulonephritis. Monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes play the major role in this inflammation. This inflammatory process is considered to represent not pyelonephritis, but rather an auto-immune process. In other words, it is proposed that the diabetic kidney fails not only as a result of non-specific glomerular lesions (hyperperfusion lesions) but also because of non-specific tubulointerstitial changes, whereas diabetic glomerulosclerosis alone does not lead to chronic renal failure.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of chronic renal failure in diabetic nephropathy. Investigation of 488 cases of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. 206 8


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