Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute urethral syndrome is effectively treated with a standard course of an appropriate oral antibiotic. Cystitis can be treated similarly but, because it is regarded as benign in normal hosts, may be better treated symptomatically. Acute pyelonephritis requires a parenteral antibiotic because of its frequent association with bacteremia. In chronic pyelonephritis, an oral antibiotic is chosen for long-term use on the basis of its ability to penetrate damaged renal tissue. When urinary tract infection recurs, reinfection must be differentiated from relapse. Reinfection usually requires long-term antimicrobial therapy, but relapse often has a potentially reversible underlying cause and merits extensive diagnostic workup. Chronic prostatitis constitutes a greater therapeutic problem than acute prostatitis because of difficulty with antibiotic penetration.
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PMID:Urinary tract infections. 2. Therapeutic approach. 703 28

In epididymo-orchitis, a sonogram shows a non-homogenous and hypertrophied epididymis and testis, with increased vascularisation seen on a Doppler sonogram. Abscesses must be investigated using sonography so that a necrotic tumour is not misdiagnosed. In prostatitis, sonography is indicated to investigate urine retention and where treatment has failed (to look for a blockage, an abscess, or pyelonephritis). Endorectal sonography is the best imaging modality for analysing the parenchyma, but otherwise has limited value. Chronic prostatitis is the main differential diagnosis from prostate cancer; the two may be distinguished using diffusion MRI. In cases of cystitis, imaging is indicated when a patient has recurrent cystitis (to investigate what the causative factors might be), or an infection with a less common bacterium (to look for calcifications, emphysema, any involvement of the upper urinary tract), and in cases of cystitis with pseudotumour.
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PMID:Imaging in lower urinary tract infections. 2252 Nov 78