Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0034186 (pyelonephritis)
 6,144 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure should be routinely measured in all infants and children. Measurements should be performed with an appropriate size cuff and observed pressures compared to normal values for age. Elevated blood pressure is seen in one to ten percent of children, depending on the age group surveyed and the definition of hypertension selected. Thirty to fifty percent of children with elevated blood pressures are asymptomatic. The remainder have symptoms which are nonspecific, including headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, congestive heart failure, and facial palsy. Hypertension in children, unlike hypertension in the adult, usually has a definite cause which often responds to adequate medical and/or surgical treatment. For this reason, children with well-confirmed hypertension should be thoroughly evaluated. The most common causes of hypertension found in children are renal disease (pyelonephritis, vascular disease, structural malformations) and coarctation of the aorta. An approach to the child with transient or persistent hypertension is described. Diagnostic studies should be individualized and should follow clinical clues where possible. Medical management of the child with acute hypertension is discussed.
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PMID:Elevated blood pressures in infants and children. 62 65

Renal function studies were performed in 524 gouty subjects, including follow-up studies at intervals up to 12 years in 112 of them. In 49 subjects, the glomerular filtration rate was less than 70 ml/min and Curate:glomerular filtration rate ratio tended to rise as the glomerular filtration rate decreased, reflecting a relatively stable urate excretion over varying filtered urate loads. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate was small with spontaneous Purate between 7 and 9 mg/100 ml. It was modest with Purate up to 10 mg/100 ml. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate became much higher beyond Purate of 10 mg/100 ml. Urinary urate levels above 800 mug/min, designated as excess urate excretion, occurred more commonly in subjects with Purate above 9 mg/100 ml, and with better preserved renal function. Tophi were more frequently observed in subjects with low glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria; but incidence of urolithiasis seemed to be less affected by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Hyperuricemia alone had no deleterious effect on renal function as evidenced by follow-up studies over periods up to 12 years. Deterioration of renal function was largely associated with aging, renal vascular disease, renal calculi with pyelonephritis or independently occurring nephropathy. In only very few instances was diminished renal function ascribable to gout alone.
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PMID:Renal function in gout. IV. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long-term follow-up studies. 120 33

One hundred adult Sudanese patients who presented to Soba University Hospital (SUH) with established chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied to determine the aetiology. Thirty-eight had chronic glomerulonephritis, 12 renal calculi, nine diabetic renal disease, seven chronic pyelonephritis, five sequelae of acute renal failure (ARF), four renal vascular disease, three polycystic disease of the kidneys, and two obstructive uropathy. In 20 patients the aetiology was not determined because of late presentation to hospital. The results were compared with those of the developed countries, which differ greatly from Sudan in climate, diet, race, culture and social habits. The main differences were in the prevalence of renal calculi which, although being the second commonest cause of CRF in the Sudan, were rare in European countries. Also, diabetes mellitus was a much commoner cause of CRF in Sudan than Europe. Other aetiological factors were similar.
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PMID:The aetiology of chronic renal failure in adult Sudanese patients. 260 79

There are two groups of diabetics under report, group I comprising 70 cases of retinopathia simplex, group II 100 cases of retinopathia proliferans in the centre. Retinopathy, showing as first sign of angiopathy, offers a comparatively good prognosis for the overall case of diabetes since, normally, neither retinopathia proliferans nor glomerulosclerosis are apt to develop. The same, in a higher degree, applies to cases of simple retinopathy fully devoloped and verified through ten years, at least: Retinopathy then shows stationary, in fact regressive development, the attending nephropathy generally expressing itself by the benign form of pyelonephritis and arteriolosclerosis renum rather than by glomerulosclerosis. All this in sharp contrast to proliferating retinopathy. Coronary sclerosis, peripheral and cerebral sclerosis and, to a limited extent, arterial hypertension stand independent of that; they attract attention by noteworthy independence.
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PMID:[The type of the diabetic retinopathy and the clinical picture of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. 744 11

Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies were determined by ELISA in 217 patients with different renal diseases. The assay for antibodies in serum was based on a 58 kD bovine tubular basement membrane antigen. Sera were studied from 69 patients with different forms of interstitial nephritis; 15 patients (10 women, 5 men) had anti-tubular basement membrane titers above the normal (compared with a reference group of healthy blood donors). Three patients are presented in greater detail. Thirty-four patients with pyelonephritis (confirmed by intravenous urogram) were investigated; one serum was positive. Sera from 114 patients with renal glomerular and/or vascular disease were studied; 12 had positive titers for tubular basement membrane and glomerular basement membrane or other kidney disease antibodies. This study supports the opinion that damage in the renal medulla can be caused by an autoimmune process. Circulating anti-TBM antibodies may be of value in the investigation of patients with tubulo-interstitial diseases but the cause and prognosis of this condition is, however, not known.
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PMID:The prevalence of circulating anti-tubular basement membrane-antibody in renal diseases, and clinical observations. 802 11

In the group of 289 pregnant diabetic women hospitalised and followed-up between 1991-2000 in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Dept., Research Institute Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital, 44 patients were diagnosed with hypertension arterialis (15.2%), significantly more frequently in women with long lasting diabetes complicated by angiopathy and whose who trend to be obese. Metabolic control did not differ in the group with hypertension and without. In the group of pregnant women with hypertension following symptoms occurred significantly more frequently: proteinuria (29.5%), pyelonephritis (11.4%), anaemia (25%) and the risk of premature delivery (25%). Hypertension arterialis shortened significantly the duration of pregnancy (34.7 weeks of gestation vs. 37.3) and affected the obstetrical outcome such as:-low birth weight and longer time of newborn hospitalisation.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension during pregnancy complicated by type-1 diabetes--clinical aspects]. 1188 44

From November 1998 to March 2000, two hundred patients over the age of 60 years (Elderly) with clinical renal disease were studied. 144 patients were between ages of 60-69 years, 46 between 70-79 years and 10 were above 80 years. The elderly patients (Male 165; Female 35) with renal disease constituted 11% (200/1816) of the total nephrology consultation during the study period. The clinical presentation included chronic renal failure (42.5%); acute renal failure (28%); nephrotic syndrome (14.5%); acute glomerulonephritis (7.5%); renal vascular disease (5%) and renal cystic disease (2.5%). Diabetic nephropathy, obstructive uropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis were the major causes of CRF, accounting for 80% of total CRF in the elderly. Chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were less common and etiology of CRF was uncertain in 5.9% of cases. However, diabetic nephropathy was the commonest (49.4%) cause of chronic renal failure. We did not see a single case of ischemic nephropathy causing CRF in the present study. Prerenal ARF, obstructive uropathy and sepsis were contributing factors for ARF in 82% of the cases. Volume depletion due to gastrointestinal fluid loss and urinary tract obstruction on account of enlarged prostate were the leading causes of ARF in 20 (35.7%) and 8 (14.3%) cases respectively. Sepsis with or without multiorgan failure was the major (46.7%) cause of mortality in patients with ARF and overall mortality was 26.8%. The commonest (31%) cause of nephrotic syndrome was the idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy related to type-2 diabetes mellitus was the second most common (24.1%) cause of nephrotic syndrome. Diffuse endocapillary proliferative GN of post infectious etiology was the commonest (73.3%) type of acute GN in our elderly patients. Renal cystic diseases were noted in 5 (ADPKD 3; Simple cyst-2) patients. Thus, overall spectrum of renal disease in our elderly patients is similar to that of developed nations except in two ways: (i) Endocapillary proliferative GN of post infectious origin was the commonest type of acute GN and (ii) Rarity or absence of ischemic nephropathy and atherosclerotic renal artery occlusive disease.
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PMID:Spectrum of renal diseases in the elderly: single center experience from a developing country. 1209 35

A case is reported of a 72-year-old woman who presented with severe vertigo, vomit, and mild neck and occipital pain. She had a medical history of hypertension, angina pectoris, cholelithiasis, gastric ulcer, pyelonephritis and periodical mild dizziness. Neuroimaging revealed right vertebral artery occlusion, right cerebellar stroke and basilar impression. The therapeutic approach chosen in our patient was conservative, with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and neck collar. Although our patient's prior risk factors for stroke supported a diagnosis of vertebrobasilar stroke, it is possible that the vertebral artery occlusion was the result of changes in the atlantoaxial anatomy and that cerebellar infarction was secondary to craniocervical anomaly. Although the presence of vertebral artery occlusion, cerebellar stroke and basilar impression in our patient may have been coincidental, we suggest that patients with basilar impression and craniocervical anomalies in general may be at an increased risk of vertebrobasilar vascular disease and vertebrobasilar stroke.
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PMID:Basilar impression as a possible cause of cerebellar stroke: case report. 2264 89

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is efined as a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for three consecutive months, or evidence of kidney damage alone with preserved renal function. CKD affects 8.5% of the UK population. Early recognition allows intervention that may delay or avoid progression to end-stage disease and modify the cardiovascular risk associated with CKD. CKD is classified into five stages and the majority of individuals have stages 1-3, many of these will never progress to end-stage renal disease. A decline in with age is expected. The most frequent specific renal diseases resulting in progressive CKD in the UK are: diabetes mellitus, atheromatous renal vascular disease, glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis and inherited renal disease. Laboratories in the UK now routinely provide an eGFR with a serum creatinine value in all adult patients. This estimation is based on serum creatinine, age, gender, and ethnicity. Baseline assessment in a patient with newly diagnosed CKD should include: blood pressure, dipstick urinalysis, urine ACR or PCR, glucose, lipid profile and a full blood count. Fluctuation in renal function is common, particularly in elderly patients with CKD. A fall in eGFR can result from any intercurrent illness, medication, or volume depletion. Proteinuria is a very important prognostic marker in CKD, ACR is the preferred measure as it has greater sensitivity for lower levels of proteinuria and is the recommended method in those with diabetes. The potential health problems associated with CKD can be divided into two main categories: risk of progressive renal disease with the development of renal bone disease and renal anaemia, and risk of overt cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Early recognition of CKD can delay progression. 2357 15

A 74-year-old female patient, who was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) at the age of 40, was admitted with complaints of flickering vision and gait disturbance for the last 2 years. On admission, neurological examination revealed mild bilateral hearing loss and ataxia in the limb and trunk. Laboratory tests revealed anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positivity and elevated HCV RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a slightly yellowish appearance with elevated total protein levels. Gradient echo T2*-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a rim of hypointense lesions surrounding the surface of the cerebellum, brainstem, frontal and temporal lobes, and thalamus, which was considered as hemosiderin depositions. From these MRI findings, she was diagnosed as having superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. Cerebral angiography revealed an aneurysm-like dilatation at the bifurcation of the right internal carotid-posterior communicating artery. (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography revealed hypoperfusion in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Pelvic plain X-ray, pelvic computed tomography, and lumbosacral MRI revealed a sacral defect and an anterior sacral polycystic meningocele communicating with the spinal subarachnoid space. The patient's symptoms gradually worsened, and she died of septic shock because of pyelonephritis at the age of 77. An autopsy was performed; on pathological examination, we did not observe any findings associated with rupture of the aneurysm-like dilatation in the bifurcation of the right internal carotid-posterior communicating artery and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Because duropathies-a new neurological disease concept-have been implicated as a cause of bleeding in the superficial siderosis, the anterior sacral polycystic meningocele, a type of duropathies, was presumed to be the most probable bleeding source of the superficial siderosis in this patient. Bleeding from the meningocele might result from the vulnerability of vessel walls in NF1.
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PMID:An autopsy case of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system accompanied by anterior sacral polycystic meningocele in neurofibromatosis type 1. 2735 33


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